Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methodologies
Conclusions
References
All Topics
Environmental Science
Ecology

SOILS AND INTERVENTIONS

Profile image of Linus LancasterLinus Lancaster
visibility

…

description

349 pages

link

1 file

Abstract

The problem that I have identified during my research for this dissertation is the quantifiable depletion and exhaustion of large percentages of the world's soils through human activity in agriculture and other industrial practices. In the course of researching this problem I have looked closely at some of the primary causes, and a range of proposed and applied solutions in the field of ecology. The primary focus of the research has been in looking at how artists have responded to ecological issues and have engaged in environmental activism in their practices. Integral to the research has been direct participation in collaborative art practices that investigate and strive to raise public awareness about issues related to soil ecology. It has proceeded through reading established texts, interviewing expert practitioners, publishing my findings, and presenting at numerous conferences, concurrently with direct participation in ecologically oriented practices, related artistic projects, professional art exhibits, activist events, and working in the field of professional organic farming. During the research phase I attended nine Planetary Collegium Sessions with fellow researchers and received valuable direction from supervising professors. The result is a written, theoretical dissertation that documents the research through text and photography in seven chapters. It has also produced a body of sculptures and documented physical experiments and performances that are motivated by, and speak directly to issues of soil ecology. The efficacy of the artwork that has been made in the course of researching problems in soil ecology comes from its continuation of, and direct participation in, established, contemporary art projects and movements that have had a demonstrable influence of society. The contribution that it makes to new knowledge is by addressing in unique ways the emerging subject of soils, which have tended to be overlooked in many ecological discussions, and in so doing it also brings to bear a unique combination of influences in its practice. These include: Art practice, Situationist performances, Core Shamanic practice (as developed by Michael Harner), soil science, inspiration drawn from a number of continental theorists, participation in sustainable agriculture, and political activism, applied simultaneously in a transdisciplinary body of work described herein specifically on behalf of soils. In this endeavor the dissertation and its body of produced objects and performances has also sought to blur some of the conventional lines between theoretical research, contemplation and practice, as appropriate to a trans-disciplinary project. Numerous discoveries have been made in the course of the research, chief among them that the new transdisciplinary approach to soil studies that my collaborators and I have taken turns out to be of necessity if we are to avert large-scale collapses of agriculture due to soil degradation on a global scale in the course of this century.

Related papers

Encountering Bioinfrastructure: Ecological Struggles and the Sciences of Soil
Maria Puig de la Bellacasa
View PDFchevron_right
More than dirt: a new view of Soil and Culture
Christian Feller

2010

Soil and Culture [Landa and Feller (2009)] is the capstone project of the International Union of Soil Sciences’ Commission on the History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Soil Science for 2006-2010. This paper will provide an overview of the book, and how it fits into strategies aimed at raising the public awareness of soils and soil science.

View PDFchevron_right
Toward a Relational Materiality of Soils
Greta Marchesi

Environmental Humanities

As environmental matters, soils have been an object of inquiry primarily for the natural sciences, with social scientists and environmental humanities scholars occupied with the surface dramas of territory and its products. The invisibility of soils in much of public and intellectual life speaks not only to the literal invisibility of their subterranean elements but also to their taken-for-granted effectiveness as the material infrastructure of societies. Today’s crisis of soil ecosystems calls for an urgent examination and improvement of human-soil relations. This is both an intellectual and a practical project. The authors believe that a crucial first step toward more just and sustainable human-soil relations is a critical reflection around soil knowledge practices and their onto-political effects. In this introduction, they open the field for such reflection by denaturalizing the category soil, discussing its complex materialities, its multiple scales, and the diversity of existi...

View PDFchevron_right
Re-animating soils: Transforming human–soil affections through science, culture and community
Maria Puig de la Bellacasa

In. Latimer, J. López Gómez, D. (eds.) Intimate Entanglements, The Sociological Review Monograp, 2019

‘In a sense we are unique moist packages of animated soil’. These are the alluring words of Francis D. Hole, a professor of soil science renowned for encouraging love for the soil and understanding of its vital importance. Affirming humans as being soil entangles them in substantial commonness. This article explores how altering the imaginaries of soils as inert matter subjected to human use and re-animating the life within them is transforming contemporary human–soil affections by developing a sense of shared aliveness. Presenting research on current practices and stories emerging from scientific accounts, community involvements and artistic manifestations, I propose five emerging motifs of renewed imaginaries of soil’s aliveness that feed into each other to affirm intimate entanglements of human–soil matter. I argue that while a vision of anthropocenic soils invokes yet another objectified natural resource brought to exhaustion by a deadly human-centred productionist ethos, as soils are re-animated and enlivened, a sense of human–soil entangled and intimate interdependency is intensified. These new involvements with soil’s aliveness open up a sense of earthy connectedness that animates and re-affects material worlds and foster sense of more than human community.

View PDFchevron_right
Soil art: Sensory and symbolic engagement with soils
Alexandra Regan Toland

This article was originally published in the Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2nd Edition by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use, including without limitation, use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator.

View PDFchevron_right
Traces from the Anthropocene: WORKING WITH SOIL
özgü gündeşlioğlu, Maarit Mäkelä

Ruukku (Studies in Artistic Research), 2020

Awareness of environmental issues, such as climate change and microplastics, has raised general concern about the state of the environment. Only recently has the discussion tackled the consequences of the human imprint in the contamination of the soil appropriately. In this artistic research, we use soil as the material mediator to explore and communicate the intertwined relationship between humans and the environment. This study combines environmental research with ceramic practice. We discuss how ceramic practitioners can use their knowledge and skill to meaningfully engage in the environmental discourse. The study was inspired by the call for Research Pavilion #3, which was organised by the University of the Arts, Helsinki, to be a place for ongoing artistic research during May-August 2019 in the context of the Venice Biennale. Working with Soil was presented as an ongoing research project taking place before and during the high season of Research Pavilion #3 in one of the six research cells: Traces from the Anthropocene.

View PDFchevron_right
Merging Horizons—Soil Science and Soil Art
Alexandra Regan Toland

Soil and Culture, 2009

A collection of canvases caked in colorful arrangements of browns and grays competes for space alongside an extensive accumulation of soil samples, old lab equipment, and remnants of assorted research projects in the basement of the Gorbatschow Building of the Berlin University of Technology. Remains of an artistic field experiment conducted last summer, the canvases mark the Soil Protection Department's attempts to integrate artistic dimensions into the soil science curriculum at the university. Such cross-disciplinary activities are gaining recognition elsewhere, as scientists, artists, educators, and environmentalists are developing a visual vernacular for the outermost skin of the earth. Why, when and in what context did soil science and art merge horizons? While incidental depictions of soil and geologic forms may be identified in virtually all major artistic genres, artwork explicitly dealing with soil and soil conservation issues is uniquely characteristic to the more recent environmental arts movement spanning over the last 50 years. Regarding the art-historical developments from the Land Art monuments of the 60s and 70s to more recent interdisciplinary remediation projects, it is important to distinguish between artworks that favor a symbolic, conceptual use of the "earth," and those that more specifically make reference to "soil" as a geophysical, agronomic or ecological body. In this chapter, we introduce soil art as a subgenre of environmental art. We review the subject of soil throughout different historical developments of the environmental arts movement, look at several artists who have taken on soil as a fundamental focus of their artistic practice, and share some reflections on our own soil art experimentation at the TU-Berlin. Finally, we address the benefits and challenges of cross-disciplinary experimentation. It is our hope that a thoughtful combination of soil science and art will inspire new opportunities for collaborations within and beyond the soil science community. A plein-air extension of minimalism, Land Art, like happenings, interventions, installations and performance art, celebrated a distinct break from traditional forms of art making, art appreciation, and art theory. Unlike landscape painting, nature photography, and outdoor sculpture parks, Land Art incorporated the landscape not merely as subject or setting for the artwork but as an integral

View PDFchevron_right
From soil in art towards Soil Art
Christian Feller

SOIL Discussions, 2015

The range of art forms and genres dealing with soil is wide and diverse, spanning many centuries and artistic traditions, from prehistoric painting and ceramics to early Renaissance works in Western literature, poetry, paintings, and sculpture, to recent developments in cinema, architecture and contemporary art. Case studies focused on painting, installation, and cinema are presented with the view of encouraging further exploration of art about, in, with, or featuring soil or soil conservation issues, created by artists, and occasionally scientists, educators or collaborative efforts thereof.

View PDFchevron_right
Master's Project: A Soilful Journey
Xavier Brown

2018

This project involved the evolution and continued development of Soilful City, an organization in D.C. that uses food and farming as a social change agent. Soilful City views farming as a way to cultivate food and sovereignty for communities and to cultivate, heal, and rebuild our souls. The organization utilizes the agricultural and political principles of agroecology to work in solidarity with under-resourced communities to develop a collective consciousness about restoring bodies, families, communities, and the land. This project focused on three central components: 1) the clear articulation of Soilful’s cosmology, 2) the development of a theory of change, and 3) a series of actions to increase organizational visibility and strengthen networks and relationships. Each of these initiatives required significant collaboration and community involvement and provided an opportunity for Soilful City to grow in ways that align with the organization’s core values. These efforts have result...

View PDFchevron_right
The Narrative of Soils
Matthew Skjonsberg

Topos the International Review of Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, 2014

Marieke TiMMerMans Re a ding a L a ndsc a pe • Daniel CzeChowski T he L ay eR s of L a ndsc a pe • riCharD senneTT n a RR aT i v e and agenc y • MarTí FranCh discoveRing T he Liquid L andsc a pe of L a Tanc ada L agoon, spain • luigi laTini cuLTivaTion in L andsc a pes of Wa R, Bosnia • alexa weik von Mossner cinemaTic L andsc a pes • saskia sassen L and a s infR a sTRuc T uRe foR Living • aDriaan geuze The n a RR aTive of sToLen pa R adise • J. M. leDgarD, MaTThew skJonsberg on e aRTh-a conveRsaTion aBouT afRic a

View PDFchevron_right

References (225)

  1. Parker, Rick. Plant and Soil Science: Fundamentals and Applications. Clifton Park NY: Delmar, 2009.
  2. Pansu, Marc and Jacques Gautheyrou, Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods, New York: Springer, 2007. (4).
  3. Peterson, James F. and Dorothy Sack, Robert Gabler. Physical Geography (10 th Edition). Belmont CA: Brooks/Cole 2011. (55).
  4. See a description of these soils in Gregory, Peter J. and Stephen Nortcliff. Soil Conditions and Plant Growth. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2013. (227). Plant pH preferences http://www.offthegridnews.com/2013/06/19/25-fruits-and-vegetables-to-grow-in-acidic-soil/ (Viewed 10/24/13).
  5. Ione, California (Amador County) http://www.ioneminerals.com/ (Viewed 10/24/13).
  6. Leveaux, Ari. The Atlantic. January 9, 2012. modified-foods/251051/.
  7. Wiliamson, M. Molecular Ecology. Vol. 1,( May 1992.)
  8. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00149.x/abstract (Viewed 12/13/13). 115 http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/10/06/dangerous-toxins-from-gmo-foods.aspx http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/01/the-very-real-danger-of-genetically-(Viewed 11/29/13).
  9. Roman Dial, Food Web for a Tropical Rain Forest, (Palo Alto : Stanford University, 1992). Also the later work by Gary Polis, Mary E. Power, and Gary R. Huxel, Food Webs at that Landscape Level. (University of Chicago Press, 2004).
  10. Francis Stuart Chopin et. al. Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology, (Dordrecht : Springer : Dordrecht, 2011), iv.
  11. 229 www.navdanya.org/ (Accessed August, 2013). Shiva, Vandana. Keynote speech at the Santa Rosa Heirloom Festival, Santa Rosa, California. (September, 2013).
  12. Vandana Shiva, Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge. (Cambridge : South End Press, 1996). 232 www.hindu.com/2005/03/09/stories/2005030902381300.htm (Accessed October 2013)
  13. Maurie J. Cohen, et.al. Innovations in Sustainable Consumption: New Economics, Socio-technical Transitions and Social Practice. Advances in Ecological Economies Series. (Cheltenham : Edgar Publishing. 2013), 142.
  14. Richard Simpson and Monika Zimmerman. The Economy of Green Cities: A World Compendium on the Green Urban Economy. Local Sustainability vol 3. (Dordrecht : Springer, 2012), 181.
  15. Bernard Lietaer and Jacqui Dunne. Rethinking Money: How New Currencies Turn Scarcity into Prosperity. (San Francisco : Berrett-Koehler, 2013),114. 268 transitionsarasota.org/gleaning/ (Accessed December, 2013) 269 healdsburg.towns.pressdemocrat.com/.../progressive-students-educate-the... February 20, 2010. (Accessed February, 2013).
  16. Aquifer that the pipeline proposes to cross. 312 However, it is Indigenous groups such as Idle No More, the Indigenous Environmental Network, Athabascan Chipewyan First Nation, and Cree First Nation groups, that are at the forefront of the effort to stop the Keystone Pipeline, as some of their tribal lands are in the vicinity of the Alberta Tar Sands deposits, and in the path of the proposed pipeline. 313
  17. Tim DeChristopher In 2007 outgoing U.S. president George W. Bush rushed through an opening of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) lands for oil and gas leases, including 150,00 acres in Southern Utah that were considered by many environmentalists to be adjacent to environmentally sensitive areas. 314 In December of 2008 Tim DeChristopher attended the 312 http://tarsandsaction.org/ https://secure3.convio.net/gpeace/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction&id=1335 http://wildidahorisingtide.org/ http://www.foe.org/projects/climate-and-energy/tar-sands/keystone-xl-pipeline http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/11/keystone-xl-lawsuit-sierra-club-state- department_n_3422849.html http://www.omaha.com/article/20130919/NEWS/130918498
  18. "The vast acreage under lease and huge increase in drilling permits contradicts the Interior Departments assertions that it has inadequate access to federal lands. On May 21, 2008, the Bureau of Land Management released EPCA III, its latest inventory of oil and gas resources on more than 279 million acres of federal land. In the report, BLM emphasized the amount of oil and gas resources off limit to development. But another Wilderness Society analysis shows that the report manipulated data and was rife with errors.
  19. Lysloff, Rene T. A. and Leslie C. Gay, Music and Technoculture. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2003. (361). An analysis is given in Coyer, Kate, Tony Dowmunt, and Alan Fountain. The Alternative Media Handbook. Abingdon: Routledge, 2007. (167).
  20. Kuenzli, Rudolf. Dada Oxford: Phaidon Press, 2011.
  21. A relevant discussion can be found in Klingsöhr-Leroy, Catherine and Uta Grosenick. Köln: Taschen, 2004.
  22. Hoffman, Abbie. Revolution for the Hell of It. New York: Avalon, 2005. Hoffman has some interesting introductions appraising his career.
  23. Lawlor, William. Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. 2005. (113). gives historical context for them.
  24. MacLeod, Catriona, and Charlotte Schroell-Glass. Elective Affinities: Testing Word and Image Relationships. Amsterdam: Ropongi, 2009. 360 See note 23.
  25. Harold, Christine. OurSpace: Resisting the Corporate Control of Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007. (34).
  26. www.wow.com/Adbusters+Magazine (Viewed 12/13/13). See a discussion of the issue in David Bell's collection: Bell, David, et. al., Cyperculture: the Key Concept. London: Routledge, 2004. (31). Also cited in Parry, Bill, et. al. (eds) Cultural Hijack: Rethinking Intervention. Liverpool: University Press, 2011.
  27. Robert Johnson was a popular blues singer from the US who expatriated to Paris in the 1950's. Because of another Johnson (Ray) who is considered by some to be the father of mail art I continue to use "Robert Johnson" as a pseudonym for mailings.
  28. Doherty, Brian, and Timothy Doyle. Beyond Borders: Environmental Movements and Transnational Politics. Abingdon: Routledge, 2008. (139).
  29. Lee, Monie and Carla Johnson. Principles of Advertising: A Global Perspective, Second Edition, Binghampton NY: Haworth Press, 2005. (195).
  30. Nappier, Jack and Ethel Seno (eds). Trespass: A History of Un-commissioned Urban Art. San Francisco: City Lights. 2011. 368 www.operagallery.com/ang/artist/index/bio/art/145/ (Viewed 12/06/14).
  31. Perry, Willaim. Against the Wall: The Art of Resistance in Palestine. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 2011. (10). It is worth noting here that I learned from Banksy: "If you want to be invisible in public all you need is a clipboard, a hard hat, and a reflective vest." (See Yosemite Valley Listening Installation, figure 5-1). 370 events.ucl.ac.uk › Events Home › All Events (Viewed 03/12/15). This is an announcement of a program dealing with these. Negativland Negativland started in the late 1970's as a high school band/art project with Mark Hosler, Richard Lyons, David Wills ("The Weatherman"), Peter Dayton, Joan, Chris Grigg, and Ian Allen in the San Francisco Bay Area suburbs (Concord). Later it included Peter Conheim, Tim Maloney, Jonathan Land, Tom Koch, and others referred to as "Stukke and Stakke." 371 The projects of Negativland appropriate and satirize mainstream media, using radio jamming, and other forms of disruption have influenced our work over the years as well. While not always overtly concerned with ecology, Negativland has been actively engaged with critiquing and satirizing various elements of what they consider to be the suburban, commercial status quo, and its responses to a broad range of political issues, including the environment. Commenting on "peak oil", Richard Heinberg has referred to the suburbs as perhaps "the greatest misallocation of resources in history." 372 As a result of their Concord (East Bay suburb) experiences, the cultural attributes of the suburbs are central to many of Negativland's projects. Their work includes satirical pieces on suburban neighborhoods that double as gun resorts, and camping with satellite TV experiences gone awry due to insects. It is not so much the themes of their pieces, or
  32. Herman, Andrew and Thomas Swiss. Worldwide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory. New York: Routledge, 2000. (198).
  33. See citations to his comments in Murphy, Eugene and Pat Murphy, Plan C: Community Survival Strategies for Peak Oil and Climate Change. Gabiola Island: New Society Publishers, 2008. (275). Other references in " The End of Suburbia." http://www.endofsuburbia.com/ (Viewed 11/03/13), " The Post Carbon Institute." http://www.postcarbon.org/# (Viewed 11/03/13). Refer all media inquiries to ...(deleted) How do I respond to my customers if they ask how I feel about Reverend Billy's comments? Starbucks has achieved success one cup at a time, one store at a time. We started as a small business in Seattle's Pike Place market more than 28 years ago. Since then, each one of our stores has become a unique part of its neighborhood. Our stores are about people. The customers and partners (employees) at each location give the store its own personality and atmosphere..." 404 Talen accuses Starbucks of displacing independent cafes around the world, citing examples of Starbucks that are literally across the street from each other in some urban locations. 405 He has also commented frequently on Starbucks labor practices, which he 404 "Reproduced from an internal memorandum circulated by Starbucks Seattle head office to all NYC branches, handed to me after a show by an ex-Starbucks employee."
  34. Talen, Bill. What Should I do if Reverend Billy is in my store? New York: New Press, Norton, 2003. (III).
  35. Guzman, Monica. "The Big Blog" Seattle PI. http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2009/09/18/three-starbucks-on-one-houston-corner/ http://www.chron.com/business/article/One-on-corner-there-are-3-places-to-get-your-1745816.php http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/cityofate/2013/03/java_wars_starbucks_sets_up_fr.php (Viewed 11/30/13).
  36. Herbst, Moira. "Starbucks' Union Blues." New York: Bloomberg Business Week, December 30, 2008). http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-12-30/starbucks-union -blues (Viewed 08/10/13).
  37. Philip, Victor. Starbucks Wasting More Than Six Million Gallons of Water a Day. The Sun/ABC News, October 6, 2008. http://abcnews.go.com/International/SmartHome/story?id=5964908 (Viewed 08/15/13).
  38. US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines for pesticide safety. http://www.epa.gov/region07/pesticides/pdf/wps_vineyard_training.pdf (Viewed 12/15/13).
  39. "South Korea's once-rich forests were ravaged in the twentieth century by unmanaged logging for timber and fuel during the Japanese occupation (1910-45) and by the Korean War (1950-53). Reforestation policies put in place since the Korean War have had a salutary effect, but the process takes time. Today 70 percent of South Korea's forests are less than 30 years old and are therefore largely unproductive. Timber imports far outnumber exports". http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-4-431-75655-2_5#page-1 (Viewed December, 2013) The next phase involved bringing cows on to campus so that students could paint on them as well. Images painted on the cows by students ranged from digestive systems, to street style graffiti, to hamburgers 472 . The painting process was filmed, and then one of (Viewed December, 2013) Youth Arts Sonoma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHydcBT4ZpY 472 We were aware that our work was concurrent with Banksy's paintings on cows, though we consider our work to be in a different vein. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3077217.stm (viewed December, 2013).
  40. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/arts/scultpureplastic/SculptureHistory/European2 0thCentury/Futuristsculpture/WhatisFuturism/WhatisFuturism.htm http://vserver1.cscs.lsa.umich.edu/~crshalizi/T4PM/futurist-manifesto.html http://www.theartstory.org/movement-futurism.htm "On January 3 Friedrich Nietzsche witnesses the whipping of a horse in Piazza Carlo Alberto. 'You inhumane, you bully of beasts and thinking beings, slaughterer of this steed!' says. The coachman, afraid, retracts. Nietzsche bends and embraces the horse, moved, excited, as after years of adventurous and vain research he has found a brother lost in a shipwreck. Then he collapses on the sidewalk. After this episode, Nietzsche becomes mentally unstable and will remain in the care of his mother and sister until his death in 1900. I investigated many of Turin's libraries and archives, where I found numerous tidbits about Nietzsche's life in Italy, though no official reports documenting this curious event. Despite this lack of confirmation, I read this anecdote, whether invented or not, as a symbolic point of entry into the debate on Nature versus Culture as well a good introductory image for an ecological thinking." 482 The fact that Nietzsche's younger brother had been lost in a shipwreck on the same date as his collapse created another tie-in for the project. 483 Our first attempt to physically reach the location of the USS Macon wreck site was also originally scheduled for January 3rd. While Benjamin's writings on animals (as exemplars for various aspects of his thinking on historicity and violence), exceeds the scope of this dissertation, Young's work has been engaged with these concepts as they related to animalities and technology for many years. Collaboratively, our interest was particularly in Benjamin's descriptions of art as related to his notion of a radically open ended aesthetic that would defy hermetic closure, becoming "completely useless for the purposes of Fascism." 484 Especially in light of our ongoing inability to reach the Macon physically, we were attracted to the idea of a project that either would not or could not reach predictable closure. The 482 http://www.serenaporrati.com/nietzsche-in-turin.html 483 http://www2.fiu.edu/~grenierg/nietzsche_bio.html
  41. Walter Benjamin. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.
  42. Marti Spiegelman, MFA. Shaman's Light. http://www.martispiegelman.org/home.html (Viewed October, 2013).
  43. Michael Harner. Foundation for Shamanic Studies. http://www.shamanism.org/fssinfo/harnerbio.html (Viewed December, 2013).
  44. Mary's ranch is an example of small, compassionately raised livestock suppliers. Many of the animals provide wool, but some are sold for meat. http://www.fibershed.com/producers/directory/mary-pettis-sarley/ http://www.fibershed.com/2010/12/25/the-art-of-fiber-ranching/ http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/definitions/Compassionately-Raised-Meats- Poultry (Viewed November, 2013) 501 http://libcom.org/taxonomy/term/2674 (Viewed August, 2013).
  45. Consulate. The water was mixed with French dirt thanks to Jennifer Kanary Nikolova, and slightly "electrified" with batteries. 507 This was in turn wired to TZARA-3 and Gladys-2. As a reference to the Macon, I was wearing a helium tank instead of oxygen, and we used it to fill a high altitude weather balloon during the presentation (see figure 6- 28). Following our fifteen minute talk, each member of the audience was given a pinch of French dirt to sprinkle in the tub, keep, or ingest if they chose, in this way declaring the site to "be" France (in perhaps a consular fashion, coupled with the physical dirt), for the duration of the event. From a write-up in the San Francisco Bay Guardian: "Frederick Young and Linus Lancaster demonstrated their latest attempt to make contact with the USS Macon, a military zeppelin which crashed in the ocean at Point Sur in 1935. Involving a slowly inflating weather balloon, soil from France, a stack of Heidegger texts, and a curious mechanical component best filed under "moves in mysterious ways," (or, rather, doesn't) Young and Lancaster's absurdist experiment was conducted with all appropriate gravity until we were hurried off again to another park." 508 Following the Carnivale we returned to the Merced River with the "Time Machine" built by Maravelis (supposedly Jarry's bicycle), and three mechanical owls, referring to Jarry's obsession with them, and to accounts that he had them living in his Paris apartment. 509 The river was seeded alternately with Spanish dirt (in reference to 507 http://www.labyrinthpsychotica.org/Labyrinth_Psychotica/CV.html (Viewed December, 2013).
  46. Nicole Gluckstern. The Performant: Paris is learning. San Francisco Bay Guardian. November 11, 2012. http://www.sfbg.com/pixel_vision/2012/11/11/performant-paris-learning (Viewed October, 2013).
  47. Jill Fell. Alfred Jarry (Critical Lives). Reaktion Books Ltd. London. 2010. http://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/finding-alfred-jarry/ (Viewed December, 2013). References and Bibliography References
  48. Adams, Clive. Love, Labour, Loss: 300 Years of British Livestock Farming in Art. London : Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, 2002.
  49. Alexander, Christopher. A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1979.
  50. Beavan, Colin. No Impact Man. Toronto : Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2009.
  51. Benjamin, Walter. Illuminations, (The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction). NY, Shocken Books, 1968.
  52. Bertha, Michelle, Beverly Crawford, Edward Fogarty, Tirza Latimer. The Impact of Globalization on the United States: Culture and Society 1. Westport : Greenwood Publications, 2008
  53. Brown, Lester. World on the Edge, How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse. Earth Policy Institute, NY, Norton. 2011. ___________ Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. New York : Routledge, 2010. Calarco, Matthew, Peter Atterton (eds.). Animal Philosophy, Essential Readings in Continental Thought. London/New York : Continuum, 2004.
  54. Clements, Frederic E. Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Re-developed Vegetation. Washington : Carnegie Institution, 1916.
  55. Cowles, Henry Chandler. The Ecological Relations of the Vegetation of the Sand Dunes of Lake Michigan. Botanical Gazette 27 (1899).
  56. Devall, Bill, George Sessions eds. Deep Ecology: Living as if Nature Mattered. Salt Lake City: Gibbs Smith, 1985.
  57. Diamond, Jarred. "The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race." Discover Magazine. (May, 1987/1999).
  58. Dokuchaev, V. Generelle Morphologie der Organismen: Allgemeine Grundzuge der organischen Formen-Wissenschaft, mechanisch begrundet durch die von C. Darwin reformirte Decendenz-Theorie. Berlin, 1866.
  59. Faulkner, Edward. Plowman's Folly. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1943.
  60. Fukuoka, M. Sowing Seeds in the Desert: Natural Farming, Global Restoration and Ultimate Food Security. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2012. Goldsworthy, Andy. A Collaboration with Nature. New York : H. N. Abrams, 1990.
  61. Grande, John K. Art Nature Dialogues: Interviews with Environmental Artists. Albany : SUNY Press, 2004.
  62. Harland, Maddy. Permaculture, Practical Solutions for Self-Reliance. No. 78. Hampshire, UK, Permanent Publications, 2013.
  63. Harner, Michael. The Way of the Shaman. San Francisco, Harper Collins, 1980.
  64. Herbst, Moira. "Starbuck's Union Blues." Bloomberg Business Week : December 30, 2008).
  65. Hillel, Daniel. Out of the Earth, Civilization and the Life of the Soil. Berkeley, Ca, University of California Press, 1991.
  66. Holgren, Oliver. "Weeds or Wild Nature". Permaculture International Journal, (Dec- Feb 1997).
  67. Hopkins, Rob. The Transition Companion: Making your Community More Resilient in Uncertain Times. White River Junction: Chelsea Green Publications, 2011.
  68. Jahan, Neyma. The Celestial Dragon I Ching. London, Watkins Publishing, 2012.
  69. Jarry, Alfred. The Exploits and Opinions of Dr. Faustroll, Pataphysician. Exact Change Publishers (by arrangement with Grove Press), Boston, MA. 1996.
  70. Johnson, Bea. Zero Waste Home: The Ultimate Guide to Simplifying Your Life by Reducing your Waste. New York: Scribner, 2013.
  71. Konke, Helmut & D. P. Franzmeier. Soil Science Simplified (Fourth Edition). Long Grove, Il, Waveland Press, 1995.
  72. Kundera, Milan. The Unbearable Lightness of Being. New York : Harper/Collins, 1984.
  73. Lancaster, Linus. Politics and Culture. The Place of Iraq: A Conversation with Dahr Jamail. 2006.
  74. Leeds, Frank. Wine & Spirits. Winestate Publications. 2008.
  75. Lippard, Lucy R. Weather Report, Art and Climate Change. Boulder, Co. Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art, 2007.
  76. Logan, William Bryant. Dirt, The Ecstatic Skin of the Earth. NY, Norton, 1995.
  77. Mann, Charles. 1491, New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. NY, Vintage. 2005.
  78. Maathai, Wangari. The Greenbelt Movement (Sharing the Approach and the Experience). New York : Lantern Books, 2003.
  79. McKibben, Bill. Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future. New York : Holt, 2007.
  80. Merchant, Carolyn. Green Versus Gold: Sources in California's Environmental History. Washington D.C. : Island Press, 1998.
  81. Merchant, Carolyn. Radical Ecology, The Search for a Livable World. NY, Routledge, 2005.
  82. Miller, Norman. Environmental Politics: Stakeholders, Interests and Policymaking. Abingdon : Routledge, 2008.
  83. Mollison, Bill. Permaculture Two: Practical Design for Town and Country in Permanent Agriculture. Tasmania : Tagari Publications, 1979.
  84. ____________ Permaculture: A Practical Guide for a Sustainable Future. Tasmania : Island Press, 1990.
  85. Montgomer, David. Dirt, The Erosion of Civilizations. Berkeley : U.C. Press, 2007. Naess, Arne, Alan R. Drengson. The Selected Works of Arne Naess: Deep Ecology of Wisdom. New York : Springer, 2005.
  86. Orr, David. Down to the Wire: Confronting Climate Collapse. Oxford : Oxford University Press. 2009.
  87. Palmer, Joy A. Fifty Key Thinkers on the Environment. London, Routledge. 2001.
  88. Pickering, Leslie James. Earth Liberation Front, 1997-2002. Portland : Arissa Media Group, 2007.
  89. Pollan, Michael. In Defense of Food: The Myth of Nutrition and the Pleasure of Eating. New York : Penguin, 2008.
  90. Pringle, Peter. Food Inc. Mendel to Monsanto -The Promise and Perils. New York : Simon Shuster, 2004.
  91. Reiners, William, & Jeffrey Lockwood. Philosophical Foundations for the Practices of Ecology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  92. Reynolds, Richard. On Guerilla Gardening: A Handbook for Gardening Without Boundaries. London : Bloomsbury, 2008.
  93. Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. NY, Vintage, 1993.
  94. Schwarzenberg, F. A. Alexander Von Humboldt, Or, What May Be Accomplished in a Lifetime. Danvers, Ma, General Books, 2009.
  95. Shiva, Vandana. Soil Not Oil, Environmental Justice in a Time of Climate Change. Cambridge, Ma, South End Press, 2008. _____________ Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge. Cambridge : South End Press, 1996. _____________ Stolen Harvest: The Hijacking of the Global Food Supply. Cambridge : South End Press, 2000.
  96. Singer, Michael & Munns, Donald. Soils, An Introduction. Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1999.
  97. Singer, Peter. Writings on an Ethical Life. NY, Ecco Press/Harper Collins, 2000.
  98. Steiner, Rudolf, Richard Thornton Smith (ed.). Agriculture. Forest Row, UK, Sophia Books, 2003.
  99. Stiegler, Bernard. Technics and Time 1. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1998.
  100. Talen, Bill. What Should I Do If Reverend Billy is in my Store? NY, New Press, 2003. Thoreau, Henry David and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Succession of Forest Trees and Wild Apples. Cambridge : Thicknor & Fields, 1863.
  101. Vale, V. Pranks Vol. 1 REsearch Magazine Vol. 11, 1987 _______ Pranks Vol. 2 REsearch Magazine.
  102. Wolfreys, Julian. Glossalalia. (Young, Frederick. Animality) An Alphabet of Critical Key Words. NY, Routledge, 2003.
  103. Zimmerman, Michael E. Contesting the Earth's Future, Radical Ecology and Postmodernity. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1994.
  104. Internet Resources cited: Adams, Clive. "A Brief Introduction" Green Museum, 2010. Accessed September, 2013. greenmuseum.org/what_is_ea.php.
  105. Adler Planetarium. "Far Horizons." Accessed September, 2013. http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/far-horizons.
  106. ____________________. Peeps in Space. Film, May, 2008. Accessed August, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygpYWzKGN6c
  107. Airships. Accessed July, 2013. http://www.airships.net/us-navy-rigid-airships/uss-akron-macon/uss-akron http://www.airships.net/us-navy-rigid-airships/uss-akron-crash-officers-crew http://www.airships.net/us-navy-rigid-airships/uss-macon-officers-crew
  108. American Phytopathological Society. "Pine Wilt Disease." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/intropp/lessons/nematodes/pages/pinewilt.aspx Answers. Accessed December, 2013. http://www.answers.com/topic/why-did-the-hindenburg-use-hydrogen-to-keep- afloat Art Story. "Futurism." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.theartstory.org/movement-futurism.htm
  109. Bayer Kills Bees. "Neo-nicotinoid Pestacides Threaten Honeybees and other Insects Worldwide". Accessed November, 2013. ttp://www.bayer-kills-bees.com/ BBC News. "Animals Sprayed by Graffiti Artist." July 18, 2003. Accessed June, 2013. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3077217.stm
  110. Benuksa, Matthew. Spirit Poles of Korea. Korean American Historical Society, 2011. Accessed September, 2013. http://www.kahs.org/downloads/JangseungPresentation2011.pdf Beyond Pesticides. "Pollinators." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.beyondpesticides.org/pollinators/chemicals.php
  111. Bichibaum, Andy, Amy Goodman, T.V. Interview. February 28, 2012. Accessed December, 2013. http://www.democracynow.org/2012/2/28/ wikileaks_private_spies_stratfor_helped_do.
  112. Bird, Ruth. "Growing Wine in Northern California-a Sustainable Natural Resource or the Next Boom and Burst?" Spot.Us. Film. Accessed November, 2013. http://spot.us/pitches/1053-growing-wine-in-northern-california-a-sustainable- natural-resource-or-the-next-boom-to-bust/updates/1280-looking-ahead-part- three-of-three
  113. Bonair, Dwight . "Korean Shamanism". OM Times. January, 2013. Accessed July, 2013. http://omtimes.com/2013/01/korean-shamanism/
  114. Breed-back Blog. "Heck Cattle." July 12, 2013. Accessed August, 2013. http://breedingback.blogspot.com/2013/06/heck-cattle-bred-back-aurochs- total.html
  115. Brown, Matt. "Protestors Demonstrate against Sebastopol Winery." Press Democrat. July 21, 2013. Accessed September, 2013. http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20130729/articles/130729511
  116. Brown, Lester. "Many Countries Reaching Diminishing Returns in Fertilizers." Earth Policy Institute. Accessed January, 2014. http://www.earth-policy.org/ Bucher Farms. Accesssed November, 2013. http://cloverstornetta.com/our-story/family-farms-2/bucher-farms/
  117. Budianski, Stephan . The Nature of Horses. 1997. Accessed July, 2013. http://books.google.com/books?id=266YZUrbG00C&pg=PA50&dq=dereivka+ho rse&hl=en&sa=X&ei=70XCUpfrN4rmoASC84DgCQ&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBA#v =onepage&q=dereivka%20horse&f=false
  118. Burns, Jack Burns, "Horse Training." Accessed September, 2013. http://jbequine.com/
  119. C., Julie. "25 Fruits and Vegetables to Grow in Acidic Soil" June 19, 2013. http://www.offthegridnews.com/2013/06/19/25-fruits-and-vegetables-to-grow-in- acidic-soil/
  120. Calarco, Matthew,, Peter Atterton (Ed.). Animal Philosophy, Essential Readings in Continental Thought. Continuum. London/New York. 2004. Accessed July, 2013. http://books.google.com/books?id=P- vrCZWj4Z4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=animals+in+philosophy&hl=en&
  121. California Agricultural Water Stewardship Initiative. Dry Farming. Accessed August, 2013. agwaterstewards.org/index.php/practices/dry_farming/.
  122. California Department of Parks & Recreation. "Molera Horseback Tours." Accessed November, 2013. http://molerahorsebacktours.com/ ________________________________________________. "Ocean Safety." Accessed October, 2013. http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23792
  123. Cartage. "What is Futurism." Accessed October, 2013. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/arts/scultpureplastic/SculptureHistory/Euro pean20thCentury/Futuristsculpture/WhatisFuturism/WhatisFuturism.htm
  124. Choi, Joon Sik. "Korean Design Principles, Simple, Natural and Human." Koreana Winter 2012. Vol 27 No 4. Accessed September, 2013. http://www.koreana.or.kr/months/news_view.asp?b_idx=1569&lang=en&page_ty
  125. pe=list Chouinard, Yvon Patagonia Founder. Inteview. Accessed November 2013. http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/200403/interview.asp
  126. The Church Of Stop Shopping, Accessed September, 2013. http://www.revbilly.com/ ________________________________, "End Mountain Top Removal: Chase Bank." Accessed September, 2013. http://www.revbilly.com/campaigns/end-mountaintop-removal City Lights Booksellers & Publishers. "Carnivale Paraphysique." Accessed December, 2013. http://www.citylights.com/info/?fa=event&event_id=1589
  127. Corranza, Ann. "Progressive Students Educate the Community" Healdsburg Press Democrat. Feb 20, 2010. Accessed November, 2013. healdsburg.towns.pressdemocrat.com/.../progressive-students-educate-the.
  128. Darling, Lowell. Accessed July, 2013. http://www.lowelldarling.com/index1.shtml Deneen, Sally. "Compassionately raised meats & poultry." Ecopedia. Accessed July, 2013. http://www.thedailygreen.com/living-green/definitions/Compassionately-Raised- Meats-Poultry Diamond, Johnny. "Capraesque Miracles: Chase Bank Stops banrolling Mountaintop Removal." L Magazine. June 2, 2010. Accessed August, 2013. http://www.thelmagazine.com/TheMeasure/archives/2010/06/02/capraesque- miracles-chase-bank-stops-bankrolling-mountaintop-removal
  129. Dokuchaev, Vasily.. Moscow Soil Science Bulletin. Accessed November, 2013 http://www.springer.com/?SGWID=0-102-24-0- 0&searchType=EASY_CDA&queryText=dokuchaev&x=16&y=5.
  130. Doolittle, Jim. "My Thirty Years with Ground Penetrating Radar." Soil Horizons, July, 2012. Vol. 53 No 4. Accessed August, 2013. https://www.soils.org/publications/sh/articles/53/4/4
  131. Dotti Dairy. Accessed July, 2013. https://www.facebook.com/pages/Dotti-Brothers-Dairy/193475897338826
  132. Electronic Frontier Foundation. "Chamber of Commerce v Servin." February, 2010. Accessed September, 2013. https://www.eff.org/cases/chamber-commerce-v-servin
  133. Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Three Fields System." Accessed August, 2013. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/593743/three-field-system.
  134. End of Suburbia. Movie. October, 2006. Accessed September, 2013. http://www.endofsuburbia.com/ Energy Union. Performance. Accessed November, 2013. events.ucl.ac.uk › Events Home ›. English, Ron. Opera Gallery. Accessed December, 2013. www.operagallery.com/ang/artist/index/bio/art/145/ European Space Agency. Earth's Albedo. Accessed November, 2013. ww.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing.../Reflecting_on_Earth_s_albedo
  135. Evans, Damian. Accessed December, 2013. sydney.edu.au/alumni/sam/june2013/damian-evans.shtml
  136. Fimrite, Peter. "Plan to mine gravel in Russian River draws fire." SF Gate, January 7, 2009. Accessed December, 2013. http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/Plan-to-mine-gravel-in-Russian-River-draws- fire-2478801.php
  137. Foster, Rosemary. "Evolution of Monterey Cypress." Point Lobos State Natural Reserve. Accessed July, 2013. http://pt-lobos.parks.state.ca.us/CypressEvolution.html Friends of the Earth. Tar Sands. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.foe.org/projects/climate-and-energy/tar-sands/keystone-xl-pipeline Frog's Leap. Dry Farming. Accessed, August, 2013. http://www.thewinecompany.net/frogs-leap-part-three-dry-farming-and-alcohol- levels/. http://www.frogsleap.com/html/beinggreen_dryfarming.html Future Farmers of America. Accessed November, 2013. https://www.ffa.org/Pages/default.aspx
  138. Futurefamers. "Gardening Silicon Valley Superfund Sites, 2006." Accessed December, 2013. http://culturehall.com/artwork.html;jsessionid=041784265FA659AAFFF044BCF 64FE3B7
  139. Gilliam, Carey. "GMO Labeling". Reuters. October 16, 2013. Accessed December, 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/16/us-usa-gmo-labeling- idUSBRE99F19B20131016
  140. Glaeser, Mark. Torrid Productions. HorrorTV 2010. Accessed July, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BgOysVv7000
  141. Green Peace. "History" Accessed December, 2013. http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/campaigns/history/ _________________ . "Reject the Keystone XL Pipeline" Accessed December, 2013. https://secure3.convio.net/gpeace/site/Advocacy?cmd=display&page=UserAction &id=1335/ Huffington Post. "Keystone XL Lawsuit" Accessed August, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/11/keystone-xl-lawsuit-sierra-club-state- department_n_3422849.html
  142. Gluckstern, Nicole . The Performant: Paris is learning. San Francisco Bay Guardian. November 11, 2012. Accessed September, 2013.
  143. GMWatch. "The World's Top Ten Seed Companies: Who Owns Nature?" Accessed November, 2013. http://www.gmwatch.org/gm-firms/10558-the-worlds-top-ten-seed-companies- who-owns-nature http://www.sfbg.com/pixel_vision/2012/11/11/performant-paris-learning
  144. Grande, John, Jerilea Zempel. "Conversation." Wegway. Accessed October, 2013. wegway.com/index.../jerilea-zempel-in-conversation-with-john-grande/
  145. Green America. "How Monsanto's Sugar Beet Grew Larger than the Law." April, May 2013. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.greenamerica.org/pubs/greenamerican/articles/AprilMay2013/How- Monsantos-Sugar-Beets-Grew-Larger-Than-The-Law.cfm.
  146. Grossman, Elizabeth Grossman. Yale University. Environment 360. April 30, 2013.
  147. Accessed July, 2013. http://e360.yale.edu/feature/declining_bee_populations_pose_a_threat_to_global_ agriculture/2645/
  148. Guzman, Monica. "The Big Blog" Seattle Post-Intelligence. Accessed September, 2013. http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2009/09/18/three-starbucks-on-one-houston- corner/ Faris, Stephan, "Breeding Ancient Cattle back From Extinction." Time Science & Space. February 12, 2010. Accessed October, 2013. http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1961918,00.html
  149. Fell, Jill. Alfred Jarry (Critical Lives). Reaktion Books Ltd. London. 2010. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.3ammagazine.com/3am/finding-alfred-jarry/
  150. Fiber Shed. "Mary Pettis-Sarley." Accessed June, 2013. http://www.fibershed.com/producers/directory/mary-pettis-sarley/ _____________. "Art of Fiber Ranching." Accessed June, 2013. http://www.fibershed.com/2010/12/25/the-art-of-fiber-ranching/
  151. Florida International University. "Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche." Accessed July, 2013. http://www2.fiu.edu/~grenierg/nietzsche_bio.html
  152. Hansen, James. "Game Over for the Climate". New York Times, May 9, 2012. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/10/opinion/game-over-for-the- climate.html?_r=0
  153. Harner, Michael, Foundation for Shamanic Studies. Accessed September, 2012. http://www.shamanism.org/fssinfo/harnerbio.html Healdsburg Center for the Arts. Accessed, November, 2013. http://www.healdsburgcenterforthearts.com/
  154. Hearn, Lafadio. "Ululation." Accessed July, 2013. http://www.readbookonline.net/readOnLine/44438
  155. Herbst, Moira. "Starbucks' Union Blues." (Bloomberg Business Week : December 30, 2008. Accessed October, 2013. http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-12-30/starbucks-union -blues Hindu Times. "Neem Oil" Accessed October, 2013. www.hindu.com/2005/03/09/stories/2005030902381300.htm
  156. Hoyt, Dale. "Lowell Darling: This is Your Life." Krowwork. Interview. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.krowswork.com/darling.html
  157. Huffington Post. "Keystone XL Lawsuit" Accessed August, 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/11/keystone-xl-lawsuit-sierra-club-state- department_n_3422849.html
  158. Idle No More. "# J 28 Teach In." Accessed December, 2013. http://www.idlenomore.ca/ Indigenous Environmental Network. "Tar Sands." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.ienearth.org/what-we-do/tar-sands/
  159. Inside Climate News . "Texas Farmer's Legal Battle Against Keystone Pipeline Set to Heat Up." November 8, 2013. Accessed December, 2013. http://insideclimatenews.org/breaking-news/20131108/texas-farmers-legal-battle- against-keystone-pipeline-set-heat.
  160. Institute for Responsible Technology. "Health Risks." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.responsibletechnology.org/health-risks International Remote Viewing Association. Accessed June, 2013. http://www.irva.org/remote-viewing/definition.html 9
  161. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Deleuze's Central Empiricist Concepts." Accessed September, 2013. http://www.iep.utm.edu/deleuze/#SH3c
  162. Ione, California (Amador County) "Minerals." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.ioneminerals.com/
  163. Kaplan, David. "One on Corner, There are 3 Places to get your Starbuck's Fix." Houston Chronicle. September 17, 2009. Accessed October, 2013. http://www.chron.com/business/article/One-on-corner-there-are-3-places-to-get- your-1745816.php
  164. Kennedy, Scott Hamilton. Producer. "The Garden". Film. Accessed October, 2013. http://www.thegardenmovie.com/ Korea Foundation. Accessed August, 2012. http://www.kf.or.kr/;jsessionid=4WpB9km7cwoy97d1HJeV3oqSExUjJklw1gGa VHp3db7n8RDG2oQQ6X9fnVdZ1UyW.kf_was_servlet_engine2?menuno=33
  165. Korea Visit. Jangseung Park, Chilgapsan Mountain, Korea. Accessed September, 2013. http://visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_1_1_1.jsp?cid=1375699
  166. Labyrinth Psychotica. Acceessed July, 2013. http://www.labyrinthpsychotica.org/Labyrinth_Psychotica/CV
  167. Latin American Studies. "Quinceañera Traditions." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/latinos/quince-traditions.htm
  168. Lee, Ga Rak. "Jangseung Spirit Poles and Wooden Carving." Accessed October, 2013. http://www.asiaeducation.edu.au/sites/gokorea/media/swf/3_4.swf
  169. LeVaux, Ari. "The Very Real Danger of Genetically Modified Foods." Atlantic. January 9, 2012. Accessed November, 2013. modified-foods/251051/ Libcom. Accessed November, 2012, http://libcom.org/taxonomy/term/2674
  170. Library of Congress. American Memory. Theodore Roosevelt, Creation of National Park. Accessed November, 2013. http://lcweb4.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?ammem/consrv:@field(DOCID+@lit(amrvgvg16div19))
  171. Miller, Vernon C. Soil Survey, Sonoma County. Forest Service, Soil Conservation Service, United States and California Agricultural Experiment Station. May, 1972.
  172. Monterey Bay Acquarium Research Institute. "Ocean Expedition explores wreck of the historic airship USS Macon in NOAA Monterey Bay Sanctuary." September 7, 2006 Press Release. Access October, 2013. http://www.mbari.org/news/news_releases/2006/macon.html
  173. Murray, Rich. "Amazing Revolving Door -Monsanto, FDA, EPA." Rense.com. December, 24, 2002. Accessed November, 2013. http://rense.com/general33/fd.htm
  174. Muir, John. Exhibit. Accessed August, 2013. http://www.sierraclub.org/john_muir_exhibit/about/ .
  175. Naval Historical Center. "USS Macon ZRS-5, Airship 1933-35." Accessed July, 2013, http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/ac-usn22/z-types/zrs5.htm
  176. Mc Kibben, Bill, "Doing the Math on Global Warming" October, 27, 2012. Lecture, Seattle. Accessed 2013. http://www.seattlesymphony.org/symphony/buy/single/production.aspx?id =13535&src=t&dateid=13535
  177. _____________. "Seizing our Power: Why Now is the Time for Creative Courageous, Non- Violent Action." Huffington Post, May, 25, 2011. Accessed September, 2013. www.huffingtonpost.com/tag/tim-dechristopher/2
  178. Mc Near, David H. "Rhizosphere-Rocks, Soils, and Everything In Between". Accessed December, 2013. http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-rhizosphere-roots-soil-and- 67500617.
  179. Marinetti, F.T. "Futurism Manifesto." Accessed September, 2013. http://vserver1.cscs.lsa.umich.edu/~crshalizi/T4PM/futurist-manifesto.html
  180. Mercola, Joseph. "Dangerous Toxins from Genetically Modified Corn found in Blood of Women and Fetuses." October 6, 2011. Accessed November, 2013. http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/10/06/dangerous-toxins- from-gmo-foods.aspx.
  181. Mok, Kimberley. "Artist Weaves Delightful 'bio-sculptures' & Habitats out of Wood." Video December 5, 2013. Accessed December, 2013. www.treehugger.com/culture/will-beckers-willowman-artist-weaves-willow- sculptures.html
  182. Mufson, Steve, "Keystong XL Pipeline Raises Tribal Concerns." Washington Post. September 17, 2012. Accessed July, 2013. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-09-17/business/35496877_1_keystone- xl-tribes-tribal-lands.
  183. National Environmental Education Foundation Program. "Climate and Civilizations of the Past." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.earthgauge.net/wp-content/CF_Climate%20and%20Civilizations.pdf National Wildlife Federation Conservation Hall of Fame. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.nwf.org/Who-We-Are/History-and-Heritage/Conservation-Hall-of- Fame.aspx. Natural Builders. Home Page, Accessed December, 2013. http://www.naturalbuilding.com/natural-building/cob/ Natural Resource Defense Council. http://www.nrdc.org./ Accessed October, 2013. Navdanya "Nine Seeds" Accessed July, 2013. www.navdanya.org/earth-university The New Mexico State University Gardening Advisor. Accessed November, 2013. http://aces.nmsu.edu/desertblooms/nmsugardening/ http://aces.nmsu.edu/academics/pes/robert-flynn.html
  184. New York Times. "Basmati Rice Patent". Accessed July, 2013. www.nytimes.com › COLLECTIONS › BASMATI Omega News. Nap Hal Wheat. Accessed December, 2013. omega.twoday.net/stories/366494/
  185. Orr, CH, Leifert C, Cummings SP, Cooper JM. PLoS One 2012, 7(12). http://www.ncl.ac.uk/afrd/staff/profile/julia.cooper
  186. Olsen, Karen. Permaculture. March, 2011. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.permaculture.co.uk/search/node/scott%20pittman
  187. Occupy Sebastopol. Accessed December, 2013. beyourgovernment.org/groups/occupy-sebastopol/
  188. Omaha World Herald. "Those For, Against Keystone XL Pipeline Testify at D.C. Hearing" September 19, 2013. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.omaha.com/article/20130919/NEWS/130918498
  189. Open Door Web Site. "Four Year Crop Rotation." Accessed December, 2013. http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/003f.html
  190. Orr, David. "Justification for Mountain Top Removal based on Lies." Winds of Change Newsletter. September 2005. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.ohvec.org/newsletters/woc_2005_09/article_19.html ______________ , http://www.plunderingappalachia.org/ Pajarito Environmental Education Center Ecology Hall of Fame. Accessed November, 2013. Peaceful Uprising. "Tim De Christopher's Trial". Accessed December, 2013. www.pe acefuluprising.org/climate-trial Pew Commission. "Report on the Environmental Impact of Industrial Farm Animal Production". Accessed November, 2013. http://www.ncifap.org/_images/212-4_EnvImpact_tc_Final.pdf Physical Geography.Net. "Soil Classification Systems." Accessed October, 2013. www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10v.html Piedmont Center for the Arts. "Five Looking West Are Exhibition" June, 2012. Accessed December, 2013. www.piedmontcenterforthearts.org/12.html
  191. Plundering Appalachia. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.plunderingappalachia.org/ Point Sur Historical Papers. "History of Point Sur Over the Years." Accessed August, 2013. http://www.pointsur.org/overtheyears2.html Rainforest Action Network. "RAN & The Yes! Men Punk'd Chevron." Accessed September, 2013. http://ran.org/ran-yes-men-punkd-chevron ______________________, "Mountain Top Removal Companies Banks Should Avoid." Accessed September, 2013. http://ran.org/sites/default/files/ran_mtrcompaniestoavoid_2012.pdf _________________________ . "Mountain Top Removal" Accessed October, 2013. http://ran.org/mountaintop-removal-american-tragedy Reader Supported News. "Occupy Santa Rosa, California". Accessed November, 2013. readersupportednews.org/news.../318.../7939-occupy-santa-rosa-californ...
  192. Reitz, Scott. "Starbuck Wars: Chain Sets Up Free Coffee Trailer close to Downtown Pearl Cup." Dallas Observer Blogs. May 5, 2013. Accessed October, 2013. http://blogs.dallasobserver.com/cityofate/2013/03/java_wars_starbucks_sets_up_f r.php Russian Riverkeeper. "Gravel Mining." October 2, 2012. Accessed November, 2013. http://russianriverkeeper.drupalgardens.com/content/gravel-mining
  193. Seo, Jee Yeon. "Korea a role-model for land reforestation." Korea Herald. March 3, 2013. Accessed October, 2013. http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130321000949
  194. Serena Porrati. "Nietzche in Turin." Accessed August, 2013. http://www.serenaporrati.com/nietzsche-in-turin.html
  195. Shim, Sang-chul. Pine Wilt Disease in Korea. 2008. Accessed Abstract October, 2013. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-4-431-75655-2_5#page-1
  196. Shiva, Vandana. " Rights of Nature" Accessed November, 2013. therightsofnature.org/tag/vandana-shiva/ ________________. "The Problem with Genetically Modified Seed". Television interview. Moyers & Company. July 13, 2012. Accessed November, 2013. billmoyers.com/.../vandana-shiva-on-the-problem-with-genetically-modied.
  197. _______________.. Address Santa Rosa Heirloom Festival September, 2013. Accessed December, 2013. www.navdanya.org/ Smith, Charles, Vasily V. Dokuchaev 1846-1903. Accessed August, 2013. http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/chronob/DOKU1846.htm
  198. Smithsonian Institute, National Museum of Natural History (Forces of Change). http://forces.si.edu/soils/02_01_04.html
  199. Sweeny, Sharon. "How to build a Cobb House." Accessed December, 2013. http://www.ehow.com/how_4853109_build-cobb-house.html
  200. Sillett, Stephen. Humboldt State University Institute for Redwood Ecology. "Redwoods." http://www.humboldt.edu/redwoods/.
  201. Smithson, Robert . Spiral Jetty, 1970. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.robertsmithson.com/earthworks/spiral_jetty.htm
  202. Smithsonian Institute, National Museum of Natural History. "Forces of Change". Accessed November, 2013. http://forces.si.edu/soils/02_01_04.html Soil Science Society of America. "Soils." Accessed October, 2013. https://www.soils.org/ https://www.soils.org/discover-soils/soil-basics/what-makes-soil-soil _______________________________. "Soils Sustain Life." Accessed December, 2013. https://www.soils.org/
  203. Spiegelman, Marti. Shaman's Light. Accessed September, 2013. http://www.martispiegelman.org/home.html
  204. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Nietzsche." Accessed July, 2013. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/
  205. Stoudt, Charlotte, "The Earth-a-llujah Earth-a-llujah Revival at Redcat." Theatre Review Los Angeles Times, October 23, 2010. Accessed July, 2013. http://www.latimes.com/search/dispatcher.front?Query=bill+talen&target=adv_ar ticle&sortby=display_time+descending.
  206. Syar. Accessed September, 2013. syarfamilyvineyards.com/ Talen, Bill, Interview. Multinational Monitor, May, June 2009. Vol. 30 No 3. Accessed January 2011. www.multinationalmonitor.org/mm2008/072008/interview-talen.html
  207. Tar Sand Action. Accessed November, 2013. http://tarsandsaction.org/ Tenenbaum, David J. "Planting Season -Old Style." The Why? Files. April 5, 2012. Accessed, July, 2013. http://whyfiles.org/2012/farming-native-american-style/
  208. Tepperman, Jean, "Occupy the Farm: Gill Tract". Accessed 2013. http://www.takebackthetract.com/ Topix Monterey. "SUV slams into Monterey store." Accessed November, 2013. http://www.topix.com/forum/city/monterey- ca/T5ATNJLP643U3HJUQ
  209. Tourism-Review. "Dive Deeper in the Kelp Forest of Monterey Bay." Accessed July, 2012. http://www.tourism-review.com/travel-tourism-magazine-monterey-bay-discover- the-depth-of-kelp-forest--category1948.
  210. Transition Sarasota. "Transition Movement" Accessed November, 2013. transitionsarasota.org/gleaning/ Transition Sebastopol. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.transitionsebastopol.org/ UNESCO. "Archives of Saemaul Undong (New Community Movement). Accessed September, 2013. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/mow/Korea _Saemaul_Undong.pdf Union of Concerned Scientists. "Our Failing Food System." Accessed July, 2013. http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/our-failing-food- system/industrial-agriculture/ University of California, Berkeley Museum of Paleontology. "Linnaeus" Accessed December, 2013. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html.
  211. __________________________, Natural Reserve System. "Hans Jenny Pygmy Forest Reserve." Accessed September, 2013. http://nrs.ucop.edu/reserves/jenny_pygmy/jenny_pygmy_forest.htm UK Soil Association. No Tillage Farming. Accessed November, 2013. www.soilassociation.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=SSnOCMoqrXs%3D&tabid=387 UN Conference on Trade and Development. "Wake Up Before It Is tToo Late." September 18, 2013. Accessed December, 2013. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditcted2012d3_en.pdf US Department of Agriculture. Gilley Flanagan. Accessed July, 2013. www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/ad_hoc/36021500WEPP/Gilley_Flanagan_2007
  212. pdf ____________________ . Soil Survey Manual. Accessed December, 2013. http://soils.usda.gov/technical/manual/ _________________________________. "Adoption of Genetically Engineered Crops in the U.S. Accessed December, 2013. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineered-crops- in-the-us/recent-trends-in-ge-adoption.aspx#.UshnzRxZC74 US Environmental Protection Agency. Climate Change Overview. Accessed July, 2013. http://epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/ch4.html ______________________. "EPA's Regulation of Bacillus thurungiensis (Bt) Crops, May, 2002. Accessed June, 2013. http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/pips/regofbtcrops.htm _____________________ . Biopesticides Registration Action Document. "Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Plant-Incorporated Protectants" U S Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. Accessed, Accessed July, 2013. http://www.usbr.gov/mp/cvp/.
  213. _______________________. "Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for Vineyard Workers. http://www.epa.gov/region07/pesticides/pdf/wps_vineyard_training.pdf.
  214. US Forest Service. Landscape Aesthetics Handbook 1991. Accessed November, 2013. www.fs.fed.us/cdt/carrying_capacity/landscape_aesthetics_handbook_701_no_ap pend.pdf Victor, Philip. Starbucks Wasting More Than Six Million Gallons of Water a Day. The Sun/ABC News, October 6, 2008. Accessed October, 2013. http://abcnews.go.com/International/SmartHome/story?id=5964908
  215. Vonni, Scott. "The Detrimental Impacts of Russian River Gravel Mining." Sierra Club Redwood Needles. October, 2001. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.ncriverwatch.org/press/vouri1.php
  216. Webster, Trish, "Farmers and Ranchers Along the Keystone XL Call for Action in Light of Yellowstone Oil Spill." Accessed November, 2013. http://allagainstthehaul.org/blog/view/farmers-and-ranchers-along-the-keystone- xl-call-for-action-in-light-of-yell.
  217. Whippel, Tom. "Peak Oil Crisis: California's Bubble Pops." Post Carbon Institute. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.postcarbon.org/#
  218. White, Rebecca. "Backed by Green Party, Comic Pastor Runs for Mayor." New York Times, March 1, 2009. Accessed September, 2013. www.nytimes.com/2009/03/02/nyregion/02billy.html?_r=0
  219. Wild Idaho Rising Tide. "Idaho & Montana Tar Sands Megaload Protests" Accessed September, 2013. http://wildidahorisingtide.org
  220. Williamson, M. "(GMOs)-The Need for Moleculary Ecology." Wiley Online Library. Vol 1, Series 1. Accessed November, 2013. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00149.x/abstract
  221. Wolfreys, Julian Wolfreys. Glossolalia, An Alphabet of Critical Keywords. Edinburgh University Press. 2003. Accessed November, 2013. http://www.academia.edu/3764257/_Animality_Glossolalia_An_Alphabet_of_Cri tical_Keywords_ed._Julian_Wolfreys_Edinburgh_Edinburgh_University_Press_2 003_ World Watch. "Nourish the Planet. Accessed September, 2013. blogs.worldwatch.org/nourishingtheplanet/tag/rfste/
  222. Wright, Sylvia. "Pay Dirt". UC Davis Magazine. Accessed November, 2013. http://ucdavismagazine.ucdavis.edu/issues/win06/feature_3.html.
  223. Yang, Sarah. "Tree-killing Pathogen Traced to California." U.C. Berkeley News Center, September 1, 2011. Accessed October, 2013. http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2011/09/01/tree-killing-pathogen-traced-to-california/
  224. Yeo, Andrew. "Will S. Korea's new naval base provoke China?" Diplomat. July 10, 2013. Accessed October, 2013. http://thediplomat.com/2013/11/pacific-power-the-politics-of-the-us-military-in- se-asia Yes! Magazine. "Curriculum Resources: Occupy Wall Street". October 25, 2011.
  225. Accessed July, 2013. http://www.yesmagazine.org/for-teachers/curriculum/curriculum-resources- occupy-wall-street Youth Arts Sonoma. Animality. Film. Accessed August, 2013. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHydcBT4ZpY

Related papers

Engaging with soil, past and present
Roderick B . Salisbury

Journal of Material Culture, 2012

From raw material to sacred clay, from wall plaster to garden plots, soil plays an intimate role in the lives of agriculturalists. In the lives of archaeologists, however, soil too frequently plays the role of overburden, or the stuff holding the more important things, like stones and bones. At best, soil studies are seen as essential for environmental reconstruction or coming to grips with formation processes. A more grounded approach to interpreting agrarian life involves an understanding and appreciation of soil as a partner. In turn, thinking about soil opens new terrain in the study of landscape perception, ideology and memory. This article explores the potential offered by the materiality of sediments and soilscapes.

View PDFchevron_right
SOIL ART: BRIDGING THE COMMUNICATION GAP
Alexandra Toland

The rise of industrial agriculture paired with a global demographic shift of populations from rural to urban settings has diminished everyday interaction with soil for most members of society. This has led to a deterioration of the aesthetic image and cultural value of soil. Among other efforts to increase soil awareness, concerned artists have been reclaiming the image of soil as a culturally, aesthetically and ecologically invaluable common good. From the early environmental art of the 60s and 70s to more recent artworks on urban and industrial brownfields, soil functions such as growth medium and habitat, archive and contamination filter have become subject matter for artistic expression and public discourse. In the following paper we present soil in the context of the environmental arts movement as well as art in the context soil science. How can art contribute to soil conservation – both with the aim of generating greater public understanding and promoting cultural values, but also by developing creative methods to directly confront problems such as contamination, erosion, or humus loss? Based on a brief review of well-known artworks, a survey of soil scientists, interviews with artists, and our own creative field experiments, we address the use of art in bridging communication gaps between soil conservation and the general public.

View PDFchevron_right
A Soil Dialogue
Anton Rosén

Interactions

View PDFchevron_right
Soil Refusal: Thinking Earthly Matters as Radical Alterity
Manuel Tironi

Thinking with Soils Material Politics and Social Theory, 2020

View PDFchevron_right
Picturing Soil Aesthetic Approaches to Raising Soil Awareness in Contemporary Art
Alexandra Toland

This paper presents a range of contemporary artworks with the aim of expanding the scientific portrait of soil as a pedogenetic body. Together, the works deconstruct conventions of genetic classification by inventing new methodologies of understanding defined by sensory experience, cultural contextualization, and an intuitive collaboration with the soil itself as material guide. The chapter is loosely organized by genre, including: painting, pigmenting, printing, and art- ists’ archives. Beyond these categories, aesthetic awareness is also created with installation, per- formance, and different types of participatory engagement. By blending a range of contemporary artistic positions with scientific concepts, an attempt is made to reimagine and reevaluate the soil.

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Art Theory
  • Ecology
  • Sculpture
    • 580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved