NU ENERGY™: Cokemaking Technology for Current Challenges

Fuel Processing Technology, 2013

The steelmaking industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector in the world and is responsible for 5-7 % of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. It is therefore necessary to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gases emissions in these industries. COG, a by-product of coking plants, is one of the key ways to achieve these goals. COG, which is used as fuel in different processes of the steelmaking plants, is a H 2 -rich gas with a high energetic potential. However, there is a significant surplus that usually is burnt away in torches, and even directly emitted into the air. With the aim of tackling this wasting of resources and energy inefficiency, several alternatives have been proposed during recent years. In the present work, these alternatives are reviewed and their main advantages and drawbacks are discussed.

Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2020

© 2020 Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. A coke produced using a custom-built sole-heated oven and a coke prepared in a pilot-scale oven from a matched coal, were compared using a range of analytical techniques. The aim of this comparison was to assess to what extent the small-scale soleheated oven can successfully replicate the production of pilot-scale oven cokes, and thus be used to rapidly prepare and screen a wide range of cokes for particular characteristics, e.g. abrasion resistance. The techniques applied included conventional methods and novel methods developed by our research team. These included microstructural and microtextural analyses of samples of each coke, and tribological, scratch test and fractographic analyses, each of which elucidates different strength attributes. These include microstructural weaknesses, abrasion resistance, and the strength of microtextural interfaces. The level of replication achieved indicates that the sole-heated oven, used in combination with an annealing step in a muffle furnace, can be beneficially used to model the pilot-scale oven.

Energies, 2020

This paper presents the results of studies on the possibility of using lignite to produce blast furnace coke. The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the influence of lignite addition (direct addition or incorporated into briquettes) on the textural, structural and quality parameters (NSC-CRI and CSR) of blast furnace coke. It was found that the introduction of lignite in briquettes (4.5% addition) allows coke to be produced that is characterized by equally high NSC parameters as for coke obtained without lignite addition for standard top-charged operation.

2015

xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background and Motivation 1 1.2. Problem Statement 3 1.3 Hypothesis 3 1.4 Study Objectives 4 1.5 Outline of Research Report 4 1.6. Summary 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 6 2.

Coke and Chemistry, 2015

The coal blend quality and process control of coke making technologies is an important lever to produce quality coke with optimal cost. Apart from impacting cost, this improves the CO 2 footprint. This is facilitated by proper selection of coke making technologies and coal/coal blend. Each technology has its own advantage and limitation based on its design criteria. Recently, Tata Steel introduced Asia largest single loca tion 1.6 mtpa of heat recovery coke plant for the first time. This paper briefly described the operational phi losophy evolved in heat recovery coke plant to produce desired quality coke at comparatively lower cost through operational excellence. The reduction of imported prime hard coking coal in coal blend up to 30% without affecting coke quality adversly and understanding the operational processes and finally mastering heat recovery coke making technology was also part of this paper.

DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences, 2019

substitute or reduce coal use in power generation it has to be taken into account that coal and coal derivatives like coke have also an important role in the industrial sector as fuels and reagents. Coke is produced through thermal treatment of a blend of selected Bituminous coals (called Coking coal or Metallurgical coal). The process happens in high temperature ovens in the absence of oxygen. The coke industry is lead by China, India and Japan. We have to remember in fact that China has the world's largest steel output. As a result, China is both world's largest producer and consumer. Reuters estimates that Metallurgical coke consumption will continue to increase at an annual rate of 1.71% in the following 6 years . The main use of coke produced from coal is in the steel industry. The main production of crude steel in 2018 is reported in Table , as provided by the WorldSteel Association [2]. The total production is about 1,808.6 Mt. The World Coal Association reports that about 0.6 tons of coke are needed to produce 1 t of steel [3]. Another growing market for coke is that of multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si) production . According to the USA Geological Service (USGS) total world production in 2018 of silicon metal was about 6.7 Mt . W ith 380,000 tons Norway is the 3rd largest producer. According to Xakalashe and Tangstad 2011 [6], crystalline silicon solar cells can be produced through

In this study, the production of ethylene and hydrogen is studied via the thermal cracking of ethylene in an ethylene plant based in Libya. During the process of thermal cracking, a mix of naphtha and steam is input into tubes that are directed to the naphtha main line. The utilization of steam is generally used because of the partial removal of coke which has undesirable effects on the process. The coke accumulation on the coils, or tubes, result in a decrease in pressure and also reduction in the yields produced. In this work, the naphtha thermal cracking process is both designed and solved numerically. A thorough comparison of the design results and the data extracted from the experiment reveal that the design may predict the overall process precisely. Also, the direct effects of CO2 are studied with regard to the accumulation of coke. Based on the results of two separate scenarios, the process of thermal cracking with the CO2 is beneficial to the overall process due to the higher yield of ethylene and propylene, and less accumulation of coke, and, in turn, less thickness on the coils inside the furnace. The results from the simulation show that the run time, or run length, of the furnace with the addition of CO2 becomes almost two times as the run time with adding steam. Based on these results, this study has proven to be worthy to explore, and the addition of CO2 has been observed to have noticeably positive results on the thermal cracking process. Keywords: naphtha, ethylene, hydrogen, coke accumulation

Proceedings of the Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021), 2022

Indonesia's green petroleum coke production capacity reaches 360,000 tons/year. Green Petroleum Coke (GPC) is the most widely used raw material in the manufacture of anodes for aluminium and steel smelters, but it is does not have good quality for smelting because it contains high ash, volatile matter and carbon. It is necessary to produce CPC that meets industry standards. Calcined Petroleum Coke (CPC) is produced from calcined coke technology by heating coke to a high temperature of 550-1,150 °C using a rotary kiln or vertical shaft kiln. The calcination process mostly determines the characteristic quality of the petroleum coke produced. This study will compare the advantages of product characteristics resulting from calcination technology between rotary kilns and shaft kilns and analysed calcined coke using Aspen Plus to produce high quality coke products that meet industry demand parameter standards; sulphur content (0.5-1.5%), fixed carbon (99.3%), volatile matter (0.5%) and ash (0.5%) and reduction of wasted CO2 gas emissions. thus can support the mining industry. Mining down streaming also encourages the country's foreign exchange savings and boosts the domestic economy. Thus, Indonesia can produce economical steel and smelters.

Operations and Basic Processes in Ironmaking, 2020

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019

Production of coal fines in coke making has lately become a problem worth addressing due to its negative impact on ecosystems. In this study, the effect of carbonisation tar addition over a range of 2-8 wt.% was evaluated as a probable partial substitute for expensive coking coals by assessing coal fines reduction, coal blend cost analysis, extended coke production and coke quality. At the optimum condition of adding 6 wt.% carbonisation tar addition, key coke qualities improved. This occurred even when lower quality coking coal was included in the coal blend. Coke quality results are well compared to international benchmarks. Furthermore, a 56.8% reduction in coal fines (powder) was observed. By reducing coal fines, there is considerable, reduction in coal dust that personnel are exposed to, and a reduction in acid mine drainage as well as a decreased likelihood of spontaneous combustion. In addition, coal dust being particulate in nature is a significant hazard factor that can cause explosions and other health related conditions. Savings of up to USD 1.7 million per year were postulated and supported by mathematical models used to calculate the cost-effectiveness of such a project.