MATAWS: A Multimodal Approach for Automatic WS Semantic Annotation

Knowledge Engineering and …, 2010

In this paper we introduce a novel unsupervised ontology learning approach, which can be used to automatically derive a reference ontology from a corpus of web services for annotating semantically the Web services in the absence of a core ontology. Our approach relies on shallow parsing technique from natural language processing in order to identify grammatical patterns of web service message element/part names and exploit them in construction of the ontology. The generated ontology is further enriched by introducing relationships between similar concepts. The experimental results on a set of global Web services indicate that the proposed ontology learning approach generates an ontology, which can be used to automatically annotate around 52% of element part and field names in a large corpus of heterogeneous Web services.

IADIS International Conference, APPLIED COMPUTING 2011, 2011

Web services are the latest attempt to revolutionize large scale distributed computing. They are based on standards which operate at the syntactic level and lack semantic representation capabilities. Semantics provide better qualitative and scalable solutions to the areas of service interoperation, service discovery, service composition, and process orchestration. WSDL-S defines a mechanism to associate semantic annotations with Web services that are described using Web Service Description Language (WSDL). In this paper we propose an approach for semi-automatically annotating WSDL Web services descriptions. This allows WSDL-S Semantic Web Service Engineering. The annotation approach consists of two main processes: Categorization and Matching. Categorization process consists in classifying WSDL service description to its corresponding domain. Matching process consists in mapping WSDL entities to pre-existing domain ontology. Both categorization and matching rely on ontology matching techniques. A tool has been developed and some experiments have been carried out to evaluate the proposed approach.

2011

This paper introduces and evaluates a novel Web service interface annotation and matching scheme designed for processing large sets of Web service interface descriptions. The matching scheme relies on a set of rules, which exploit the structural relationships encoded in an automatically learned ontology to discover matching interface elements. The proposed scheme is evaluated on a Web services interface corpus consisting of WSDL descriptions. The experimental results show that the proposed matching scheme can be used for bootstrapping large-scale Web service interface annotation.

The 24th International Conference on Computer Applications in Industry and Engineering, 2011

Web services have become the predominant paradigm for the development of distributed software systems. They are based on standards like UDDI, WSDL and SOAP. These standards operate at the syntactic level and lack semantic representation capabilities. Semantics provide better qualitative and scalable solutions to the areas of service interoperation, service discovery, service composition, and process orchestration. WSDL-S defines a mechanism to associate semantic annotations with Web services that are described using Web Service Description Language (WSDL). In this paper we propose an approach for semi-automatically annotating WSDL Web services descriptions. This allows WSDL-S Semantic Web Service Engineering. The annotation process consists of two phases: (1) Categorization phase, which allows classifying WSDL documents into their corresponding domain (2) Matching phase, which allows associating each entity from WSDL documents with their corresponding entity in the domain ontology. The annotation process relies on ontology matching techniques which in turn use some similarity measures. An empirical study of our approach is presented to help evaluate its performance.

2011

Although the Semantic Web and Web Service technologies have already formed a synergy towards Semantic Web Services, their use remains limited. Potential adopters are usually discouraged by the plurality of methodologies and the lack of tools which in turn force them to acquire expert knowledge and commit to exhausting manual labor. This work proposes a novel, functional and user-friendly tool, named Iridescent, intended for both expert and nonexpert users to rapidly create and edit Semantic Web Service descriptions, following the SAWSDL recommendation. The tool"s aim is twofold: to enable users manually create descriptions in a visual manner, providing a complete alternative to coding, and to semi-automate the process by matching elements and concepts and suggesting annotations. A state-of-the-art survey has been carried out to reveal critical requirements and compare Iridescent to existing tools. Usage scenarios demonstrate how Iridescent enhances the authoring process and in turn enables Intelligence e.g. in an Ambient Intelligence environment. Finally, the tool was methodically tested for usability and evaluated by a range of expert and non-expert users.

2006

Semantic Web applications require robust and accurate annotation tools that are capable of automating the assignment of ontological classes to words in naturally occurring text (ontological annotation). Most current ontologies do not include rich lexical databases and are therefore not easily integrated with word sense disambiguation algorithms that are needed to automate ontological annotation. WordNet 1 provides a potentially ideal solution to this problem as it offers a highly structured lexical conceptual representation that has been extensively used to develop word sense disambiguation algorithms. However, WordNet has not been designed as an ontology, and while it can be easily turned into one, the result of doing this would present users with serious practical limitations due to the great number of concepts (synonym sets) it contains. Moreover, mapping WordNet to an existing ontology may be difficult and requires substantial labor. We propose to overcome these limitations by developing an analytical platform that (1) provides a WordNet-based ontology offering a manageable and yet comprehensive set of concept classes, (2) leverages the lexical richness of WordNet to give an extensive characterization of concept class in terms of lexical instances, and integrates a class recognition algorithm that automates the assignment of concept classes to words in naturally occurring text. The ensuing framework makes available an ontological annotation platform that can be effectively integrated with intelligence analysis systems to facilitate evidence marshaling and sustain the creation and validation of inference models. 1

Computing and Informatics \/ Computers and Artificial Intelligence, 2013

Web services are an emerging paradigm which aims at implementing software components in the Web. They are based on syntactic standards, notably WSDL. Semantic annotation of Web services provides better qualitative and scalable solutions to the areas of service interoperation, service discovery, service composition and process orchestration. Manual annotation is a time-consuming process which requires deep domain knowledge and consistency of interpretation within annotation teams. Therefore, we propose an approach for semi-automatically annotating WSDL Web services descriptions. This is allowed by Semantic Web Service Engineering. The annotation approach consists of two main processes: categorization and matching. Categorization process consists in classifying WSDL service description to its corresponding domain. Matching process consists in mapping WSDL entities to pre-existing domain ontology. Both categorization and matching rely on ontology matching techniques. A tool has been de...

2009 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, 2009

Semantic Web applications require robust and accurate annotation tools that are capable of automating the assignment of ontological classes to words in naturally occurring text (ontological annotation). Most current ontologies do not include rich lexical databases and are therefore not easily integrated with word sense disambiguation algorithms that are needed to automate ontological annotation. WordNet 1 provides a potentially ideal solution to this problem as it offers a highly structured lexical conceptual representation that has been extensively used to develop word sense disambiguation algorithms. However, WordNet has not been designed as an ontology, and while it can be easily turned into one, the result of doing this would present users with serious practical limitations due to the great number of concepts (synonym sets) it contains. Moreover, mapping WordNet to an existing ontology may be difficult and requires substantial labor. We propose to overcome these limitations by developing an analytical platform that (1) provides a WordNet-based ontology offering a manageable and yet comprehensive set of concept classes, (2) leverages the lexical richness of WordNet to give an extensive characterization of concept class in terms of lexical instances, and integrates a class recognition algorithm that automates the assignment of concept classes to words in naturally occurring text. The ensuing framework makes available an ontological annotation platform that can be effectively integrated with intelligence analysis systems to facilitate evidence marshaling and sustain the creation and validation of inference models. 1

International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change, 2011

Semantic Web services (SWS) have attracted increasing attention due to their potential to automate discovery and composition of current syntactic Web services. An issue that prevents a wider adoption of SWS relates to the manual nature of the semantic annotation task. Manual annotation is a difficult, error-prone, and time-consuming process and automating the process is highly desirable. Though some approaches have been proposed to semi-automate the annotation task, they are difficult to use and cannot perform accurate annotation for the following reasons: (1) They require building application ontologies to represent candidate services and (2) they cannot perform accurate name-based matching when labels of candidate service elements and ontological entities contain Compound Nouns (CN). To overcome these two deficiencies, this paper proposes a query-based approach that can facilitate semi-automatic annotation of Web services. The proposed approach is easy to use because it does not r...