ITS: TRAFFIC DETERMINATION AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE TECHNIQUES

SMART MOVES, 2018

Transportation or transport sector is a legal source to take or carry things from one place to another. With the passage of time, transportation faces many issues like high accidents rate, traffic congestion, traffic & carbon emissions air pollution, etc. In some cases, transportation sector faced alleviating the brutality of crash related injuries in accident. Due to such complexity, researchers integrate virtual technologies with transportation which known as Intelligent Transport System. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) provide transport solutions by utilizing state-of-the-art information and telecommunications technologies. It is an integrated system of people, roads and vehicles, designed to significantly contribute to improve road safety, efficiency and comfort, as well as environmental conservation through realization of smoother traffic by relieving traffic congestion. This paper aims to elucidate various aspects of ITS-it's need, the various user applications, technologies utilized and concludes by emphasizing the case study of IBM ITS.

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2020

The dynamic development of urban areas poses increasingly more challenges for the provision of transport services for the population. The concentration of the economic potential and population in the metropolitan areas results in the occurrence of large transport needs, and when these needs are met at the same time, the phenomenon of congestion occurs. Traffic congestion has become a serious problem in many cities around the world and it is a challenge that is not easy to manage. Traffic congestion has increased dramatically also in India. Congestion and the associated slow urban mobility can have a huge adverse impact on both the quality of life and the economy. Traffic congestion has been increasing worldwide as a result of increased motorization, urbanization, population growth and changes in population density. Congestion reduces efficiency or transportation infrastructure and increases travel time, air pollution and fuel consumption. In order to over-come from such congested pr...

International Journal of Engineering and Technology

The proposed design is based on an traffic controlling, which allow high priorities vehicles like ambulance. Each ambulance is configured with zigbee module (placed at a predefined location). In this module PICAT89C52 system-on-chip module uses to read the ZIGBEE module attached to the vehicle. It recognizes the time span of green light of respective path. As the ambulance is heading toward the junction, the green signal will turn ON. The signal will turn ON by communication with the traffic controller which is placed at junction. With the help of Zigbee modules and PICAT89C2051, System on chip wireless communication takes place between ambulance and traffic controller. The module is tested and the experimental results were found is expected. Keyword-PICAT89C205, PIC89C52, MAX232, ULN2803A, ZigBee I. INTRODUCTION INDIA is one of the fast growing economies in the world and it is second most populous Country. In india traffic congestion problem happens frequently. Day by day number of vehicles are increasing exponentially but to cope up with this exponential growth india does not have any traffic control mechanism. Also, the traffic in indian is disordered and it is non lane based. For solving such problems it required very accurate traffic control system. ZigBee Technology can be used in intelligent traffic junction. Generally the ZigBee module is very capable to transmit data over long distance with the help of Mesh topology. As per the specification of ZigBee module, it is having defined rate of 250 Kbit/s, that rate is very suitable for transmission of data through sensor or input devices. II. LITERATURE SURVEY In Green wave technology the path of emergency vehicle will be cleared by just turning all the red light of that path into green light. In this technology the main drawback of this system is synchronization. If the synchronization not takes place properly, the mob of vehicles increases and it will form a long queue due to which green wave grow in size until it becomes too large due to which some vehicles get struck in the traffic and they cannot reach in time. This is called over-saturation road junction areas. This system will definitely provides very effective time management system. It will provide a dynamic time depends upon the density of traffic. The disadvantage of green wave is it does mention the method which is used for communication between the emergency vehicle and the traffic signal controller. The green wave technology uses a rfid and a gps for automatic lane clearance for ambulance. The main aim of the system is to reduce the delay which required by the ambulance to reach the hospital. This will done by automatically clearing the lane in which ambulance is travelling before it reaches the traffic signal. When the ambulance is at particular distance the green light will glow and red light will off automatically of the particular lane. With the help of trans-receiver and GPS the communication between ambulance and traffic signal post takes place. It does not required human intervention at the traffic junction because it is fully automatic. The disadvantage of this system is it will needs all the information about the starting point, end point of the travel. The system will not work if starting point is unknown. Traffic is a critical issue of transportation system in most of all the cities of Countries. The traffic congestion is shown in figure 1. In the Bangalore city the growth of the population of vehicles increases exponentially due to which many intersections are overloaded, that reduces the speed of vehicles below acceptable speed.

Applied Sciences

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has evolved into a system for provision of traffic information and traffic control with the help of advanced IT technologies [...]

A highly discussed topic of today's research in interactive systems engineering for futuristic vehicles is inter-vehicular and vehicle to infrastructure communication using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Protocol. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has further fuelled research in this area as the cruise control mode can be used to reach destination after plugging in the destination location on the GPS. Using Model Predictive Control (MPC) Analysis for a distributed stochastic traffic we present an open source model architecture which could be used to auto assist the vehicle to its destination. Time slot allocation algorithms and mathematical modeling of vehicles for lane change has been presented based on MPC analysis. Our work is towards the development of an application for the DSRC framework (Dedicated Short Range Communication for Inter-Vehicular Communication) by US Department of Traffic and DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and European Commission-funded Project SAVE-U (Sensors and System Architecture for Vulnerable road Users Protection) and is a step towards Intelligent Transportation Systems such as Autonomous Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicular systems. The application depends on recursively obtained sensor readings in a feedback loop mode for processing and deploying a corrective action.Model Predictive approach that exploits non-linear functions of the state and finds control inputs such as state of system, position, acceleration, peer movement to recursively estimate and improve the quality of resulting estimation for collision avoidance and target localization. The problem addresses is not only restricted to localization of target but to control a formation of robots in a cluttered indeterminist environment.

International Journal of Constructive Research in Civil Engineering, 2020

India, the second most populated nation after China is accomplishing its statures with respect to transportation building. With the expansion in populace, relocation from provincial to urban and unexpected solid financial ascent has unambiguously squeezed the essential offices, administrations and establishments required for the working of transportation framework. In addition, there will be increment in the quantity of vehicles. Shoot up in the quantity of vehicles, traffic issues consistently exist. The transportation offices like current unmanaged transient sign need framework make it hard to control the movement time, crashes at convergences and productive timetable adherence. Wastefulness in vehicle leaving makes it hard to alter and mastermind the expanding number of vehicles in an appropriate, satisfactory and helpful way. Erroneous administration in the situation of drivers, following the clogged course in any event, when there are backup ways to go focuses on vehicle sticking and time travel increase. So, it is important to have an administration framework which should handle all the above issues in a productive way. This examination is planned for checking on an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and advances related with transportation framework. Executing this framework reserves accessible parking spot to a driver to leave their vehicle and recharges the accessibility of parking spot when vehicle leaves. It will prompt the holes in the information which can be additionally contemplated. The paper features the ends separated from the investigations of various frameworks and furthermore gives the future degree in the field of ITS to make it easier to understand and available.

iaeme

A highly discussed topic of today’s research in interactive systems engineering for futuristic vehicles is inter-vehicular and vehicle to infrastructure communication using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) Protocol. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has further fuelled research in this area as the cruise control mode can be used to reach destination after plugging in the destination location on the GPS. Using Model Predictive Control (MPC) Analysis for a distributed stochastic traffic we present an open source model architecture which could be used to auto assist the vehicle to its destination. Time slot allocation algorithms and mathematical modeling of vehicles for lane change has been presented based on MPC analysis. Our work is towards the development of an application for the DSRC framework (Dedicated Short Range Communication for Inter-Vehicular Communication) by US Department of Traffic and DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) and European Commission- funded Project SAVE-U (Sensors and System Architecture for Vulnerable road Users Protection) and is a step towards Intelligent Transportation Systems such as Autonomous Unmanned Ground and Aerial Vehicular systems. The application depends on recursively obtained sensor readings in a feedback loop mode for processing and deploying a corrective action.Model Predictive approach that exploits non-linear functions of the state and finds control inputs such as state of system, position, acceleration, peer movement to recursively estimate and improve the quality of resulting estimation for collision avoidance and target localization. The problem addresses is not only restricted to localization of target but to control a formation of robots in a cluttered indeterminist environment.

India is the second largest country in the category of population. With the increasing population the consumption of the vehicles also increases, leading to critical burden on traffic management in the metropolitan cities and towns of the country. In 2011-12 alone, 20.4 million motorized vehicles were sold in India leading to congestion and accidents on the roads. For controlling the traffic on the road some traditional methods were used like using traffic lights and traffic signs, traffic policemen and round-about. In this paper we will discuss the existing techniques which will help India for controlling the traffic on the roads.

In the current context of smart city, specifically in the industrial and market zones, the traffic scenario is very congested most of the time particularly at the peak time of business hours. Not only it causes travelling delays, it also contributes to environmental pollution as well as health hazards due to pollution caused by vehicle fuels. To keep away from such severe issues many radiant urban communities are right now implementing smart traffic control frameworks that work on the standards of traffic automation with prevention of the previously mentioned issues the research works reviewed adequately demonstrate the multiplicity of approaches possible to tackle traffic management problems in specified contexts. Clearly dynamic systems using real time data and predictive models are better than the commonly used static systems which are insensitive to changing traffic conditions.

We have often been a victim of unwanted long time delay during the traffic light switch over especially when the traffic is very low on the remaining sides and sometimes not knowing the traffic jam ahead we proceed to get stuck in it. Our project objectively aims at reducing the traffic congestion and also warning beforehand. This innovative project is made so as to keep a track of the vehicles in each road and accordingly adjust the time for each traffic light signals at the traffic signal of present and the former. The problem with the present traffic system is that for every minute the vehicles at the 4-way road will be heavy and the traffic lights shall be changed to each side for some fixed time. Even though there are no vehicles at particular side, the traffic signals will glow for given/set fixed time. As a result, there is waste of time, blockage of roads, heavy air pollution. And also the other side vehicles have to wait for the time to complete the process. So in order to reduce the wastage of time, we have proposed to design a system that can be implemented to control the traffic based on the density and heavy flow of the vehicles at any particular side of cross road and to notify about the traffic ahead we use another set of lights in the former lane. The project is an automated way of controlling signals in accordance to the density of traffic in the roads. IR Wi-fi sensors are placed on the 4 roads at fixed distances on both sides of each road away from the traffic control display board placed at the junction. The time delay in the traffic signal is set using IR sensors which measure the traffic density. The action is initiated on real time basis that are interfaced to the microcontroller. Based on output of these sensors, controller detects the traffic and controls the timing of traffic system and also notifies the scenario to the surrounding lanes. This will save fuel also and play a role in increasing the economic growth of our country. In early days people started using vehicles specially in urban and semi urban areas to move from one place to other, roads were also increased but with limited number only. With the increase of population, use of vehicles and the traffic become dense on these roads. Thus need was felt to control traffic for safe movement of persons on these roads. In the early stages the traffic was controlled manually by a person so called Traffic Police who would be present at multiple approach tuning point at junction of 2/4 ways roads. Decisions were given manually to allow traffic to move from one direction to other direction and later semi automatic system were introduced with traffic control devices to regulate, warn, or guide traffic for movement of traffic on street, highway, pedestrian by authority of a public agency[1]. The control of traffic at road junction, which was done purely by human effort and support of semi automatic devices, proved to be inefficient and road accident were observed specially in absence of traffic police very frequently. Subsequently with the advent of Microprocessor Technology [1 2 ] the automatic ENSTY BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM