Petroleum Pollution as a Predicament to Soil and Water Resources

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2018

The effects of oil contamination and different remediation strategies (natural attenuation, biostimulation, and bioaugmentation) on physico-chemical and biological parameters of podzolic soil were studied. The relationships between petroleum hydrocarbons, total organic carbon, nutrients, basal respiration and enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase, catalase and urease) were evaluated in soil over a 9-year period. The principal component analysis indicated that hydrocarbons were mainly responsible for changing metabolic activity for all treatments. Dehydrogenase activity was the most sensitive biological indicator with greater levels in unpolluted soil than those recorded in contaminated soil under all remediation strategies. The activity of urease was not directly correlated with oil degradation, while the relationships of catalase and respiration rate with petroleum hydrocarbons were dependent on method of remediation. Although both biostimulation and bioaugmentation had a positive influence on the biological activity of soil and its physicochemical properties, the considerable part of decontamination could be attributed to degradation activities of indigenous microorganisms. The addition of oildegrading bacteria (bioaugmentation) enhanced biodegradation rates only temporarily indicating that biostimulation is a better remediation strategy for podzolic soil in the field.

2017

Environmental pollution by crude oil can occur naturally through seepage or from anthropogenic sources via spillage, accidents or improper disposal of crude oil and related products. The main characteristic of pollution from refinery and petrochemical plants consists in that the pollution source is active, most often for a short period of time, but has an important intensity, polluting agent consisting generally of petroleum fractions. Also, in most cases of accidental spills of petroleum products, surface soil affected is much smaller than the first surface polluted aquifer pollution front met. Recent research has shown that biological methods to remediate crude oil polluted soil are a superior effective and much cheaper method compared with physicochemical methods. Biological methods are based on the activity of microorganisms to use crude oil as a source of carbon and energy. These methods are considered to be the most effective because it does not have irreversible effects on so...

Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research

PurposePetroleum hydrocarbons are naturally occurring flammable fossil fuels used as conventional energy sources. It has carcinogenic, mutagenic properties and is considered a hazardous pollutant. Soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons adversely affects the properties of soil. This paper aim to remove pollutants from the environment is an urgent need of the hour to maintain the proper functioning of soil ecosystems.Design/methodology/approachThe ability of micro-organisms to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons makes it possible to use these microorganisms to clean the environment from petroleum pollution. For preparing this review, research papers and review articles related to petroleum hydrocarbons degradation by micro-organisms were collected from journals and various search engines.FindingsVarious physical and chemical methods are used for remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminants. However, these methods have several disadvantages. This paper will discuss a novel unde...

2012

The aim of this study was to isolate native oil degrading bacteria and to investigate (laboratory) the efficiency of them on the degradation of used-engine oils in soils. Long period polluted soils samples were collected from fuel stations, car wash & maintenance and vehicles scrap yards. Seven species were isolated, namely: Micrococcus lutues, Actinobacillus suis, Arthrobacter ureafaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus roseus & Staphylococcus simulans. Data showed that the following species A. sui & B. megaterium were found dominant in fuel stations; where, A. suis, B. megaterium, K. pneumonia, M. roseus, M. luteus & S. simulans were found in car wash & maintenance workshops and only A. ureafaciens were isolated from vehicles scrap yards. Bacteria species Micrococcus lutues was selected to evaluate its efficiency in oil degradation. Two levels of temperature (37 & 40 PPC) and nutrients addition (with and without addition) were used to examine their effects ...

2013

Bioremediation is the process of cleaning the soil contamination using microorganisms (fungi, bacteria). Bioremediation aims to break down or degrade contaminants into less toxic materials or non-toxic. Bioremediation is considered as an alternative action to restore a state of the environment has been polluted. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the differences and how Biopile and Landfarming in bioremediation process and to determine the amount of impairment Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH). Petroleum-contaminated soil used in this study comes from the waste generated from ConocoPhillips Indonesia Ltd. Banyuasin South Sumatra. The research method is experimental. The design of the experiment that used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial. The results showed biopile technique showed higher efficacy compared with Landfarming techniques; biodegradation process time to achieve the targets, which is under 1%, is faster than Landfarming techniques; bioremedia...

Ismail, H. Y., Grema, M. N., Isa, M. A., Allamin, I. A., Bukar, U. A., Adamu, A. and Fardami, A. Y. , 2022

Petroleum hydrocarbons are among the major driving forces of advancement in the last Century. Some of the hydrocarbons are however of health and environmental significance, due to their recalcitrance and persistence leading to adverse effects on health and ecosystem stability. Environmental pollution with petroleum and petrochemical products has been recognized as a significant and serious problem. Most components of oil are toxic to humans and wildlife in general, as it is easily incorporated into the food chain. This fact has increased scientific interest in examining the distribution, fate and behaviour of oil and its derivatives in the environment. The potential danger which petroleum hydrocarbons pose to humans and the environment makes testing and treatment unavoidable. As a result, a number of investigations over several years have led to the discovery of treatment technologies including physical, chemical, thermal and biological processes. Attempts to present a concise review on the status of hydrocarbon contamination, its effects on microorganisms, plants, animals and the ecosystem have been made. Different treatment technologies with their advantages and setbacks are also presented. This would enlighten individuals and stakeholders on the dangers pose by the petroleum products especially that oil prospecting in the Northeastern Nigeria is been intensified Keywords: Bioremediation, Contamination, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum Phytoremediation

Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2012

This review article illustrates the pros and cons of using bioremediation process for the remediation of petroleum contaminants in soil. Bioremediation along with other processes have been used to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in soil in past. The major constituents of most crude oils are biodegradable, so bioremediation has proven to be cheap and efficient than others techniques. Different organisms are employed using various technique of bioremediation according to hydrocarbon present in the contaminated soil. Bioremediation is simpler, less labor intensive and public attitude toward bioremediation are generally favorable, the lack of knowledge about microorganisms and their natural role in the environment could affect the acceptability of their use. However, bioremediation can be considered one of the best technologies to deal with petroleum product contaminated soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6056 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 164-170

2016

Oil spills are one of the most common types of soil pollution. Bioremediation is an attractive alternative method to physico-chemical remediation. It is well-known that bacteria and fungi are the principal petroleum degrading organisms. Hence, this study investigates the use of fungus Aspergillus niger to remove TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) from soil polluted with crude oil obtained from Southeast Anatolia of Turkey, and accordingly the biodegradable of TPH in soil by A. niger biomass was investigated. The amount of TPH was measured before and after A. niger application. For this purpose, the biodegradation of TPH was applied to three different soil media, including (I) contain only A. niger in sterilized soil, (II) soil microorganisms - A. niger , and (III) only soil microorganisms. The experiment was conducted at 30°C for 30, 65 and 96 days without pH modification (original pH was 5.0). At the beginning and end of the experimental periods, the samples of soil were taken from...