Fog Computing and Its Role in the Internet of Things

Fog Computing in the Internet of Things, 2017

The functional separation of different system components has been used to address some critical challenges in architecture design. One of the well known approaches of physical separation of functional units is in client-server architectures. The server side of this separation is hidden inside the cloud infrastructure in the case of an Internet scale system. This model is serving a wide range of applications running over the Internet providing storage, computing power, and redundant services for reliability. However, in the new paradigm of the Internet-of-Things, the traditional separation partly fails to meet the set of system requirements. Fog computing is introduced as an intermediate layer between the clients and the Cloud. It brings computing, storage, management, and network services among others, closer to the sensor/actuator nodes. This book discusses the features of Fog computing, its advantages, internal details and present case studies to demonstrate it in real application scenarios. The focus of this chapter is to give an overview of Fog computing at a higher level.

IEEE Communications Magazine, 2018

Big Data-Enabled Internet of Things, 2019

Emerging technologies that generate a huge amount of data such as the Internet of Things (IoT) services need latency aware computing platforms to support time-critical applications. Due to the on-demand services and scalability features of cloud computing, Big Data application processing is done in the cloud infrastructure. Managing Big Data applications exclusively in the cloud is not an efficient solution for latency-sensitive applications related to smart transportation systems, healthcare solutions, emergency response systems and content delivery applications. Thus, the Fog computing paradigm that allows applications to perform computing operations in-between the cloud and the end devices has emerged. In Fog architecture, IoT devices and sensors are connected to the Fog devices which are located in close proximity to the users and it is also responsible for intermediate computation and storage. Most computations will be done on the edge by eliminating full dependencies on the cloud resources. In this chapter, we investigate and survey Fog computing architectures which have been proposed over the past few years. Moreover, we study the requirements of IoT applications and platforms, and the limitations faced by cloud systems when executing IoT applications. Finally, we review current research works that particularly focus on Big Data application execution on Fog and address several open challenges as well as future research directions.

Procedia Computer Science, 2018

Internet of Things (IoT) smart places are systems composed of sensors, actuators and computing infrastructure that acquires data about the surrounding environment and uses that data to improve the user experience of the smart place. For instance, RFID readers can detect a tag approaching and, after the event is processed in a dedicated server, open a door automatically. Many IoT applications are latency-sensitive because actions need to be done in a timely manner. To meet this requirement these applications are usually provisioned close to the physical place, which represents an infrastructure burden because it is not always practical to deploy a physical server at a location. Utility computing in the Cloud can solve this issue but the latency requirements must be carefully assessed. Fog computing is a concept that brings the cloud close to devices at the edge of the network, aiming to provide low latency communication for applications and services. The present work implemented a provisioning mechanism to deploy a "smart warehouse" IoT application according in utility computing platforms: Cloud and Fog. We compared the event latency performance of both approaches and the results show that a fog deployment is more adequate for the considered IoT application.

Datais now being delivered in large quantities to many more users. To optimize the concept of the cloud, organizations need a way to deliver content to end users through a more geographically distributed platform. The idea of fog computing is to distribute data, compute, storage to move it closer to the end-user to eliminate latency and numerous hops, and support mobile computing and data streaming. Already, we're seeing ―everything-as-a-service‖ models. The user is asking for more data access from any device, any time, from anywhere. This means that the future of the cloud must support the idea of the ―Internet of Things (IoT).‖ That's where Fog Computing comes in.

NEO 2016

The main postulate of the Internet of things (IoT) is that everything can be connected to the Internet, at anytime, anywhere. This means a plethora of objects (e.g. smart cameras, wearables, environmental sensors, home appliances, and vehicles) are 'connected' and generating massive amounts of data. The collection, integration, processing and analytics of these data enable the realisation of smart cities, infrastructures and services for enhancing the quality of life of humans. Nowadays, existing IoT architectures are highly centralised and heavily rely on transferring data processing, analytics, and decision-making processes to cloud solutions. This approach of managing and processing data at the cloud may lead to inefficiencies in terms of latency, network traffic management, computational processing, and power consumption. Furthermore, in many applications, such as health monitoring and emergency response services, which require low latency, delay caused by transferring data to the cloud and then back to the application can seriously impact their performances. The idea of allowing data processing closer to where data is generated, with techniques such as data fusion, trending of data, and some decision making, can help reduce the amount of data sent to the cloud, reducing network traffic, bandwidth and energy consumption. Also, a more agile response, closer to real-time, will be achieved, which is necessary in applications such as smart health, security and

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering , 2021

Cloud computing is currently the most sought-after solution for almost all of enterprise problems. Distinguishing features of the Cloud are ease of service and lesser hassle on the client end. These services come with a hefty price. Cloud services face issues of delay, slower connectivity and security. Fog Computing answers these downsides by providing nearer-to-ground and ever available Internet connection to nodes. Fog Computing relies on multiple, smaller clouds, nearer to ground. Internet of Things is the next logical leap for Internet. It envisions creating an environment wherein various heterogeneous devices can communicate with each other via internet. Enabling Internet of Things requires uninterrupted Internet connection and an interpreter. Both these features are intrinsically present in Fog Computing. Hence, this paper proposes Fog as the expected ground for enabling Internet of Things.

Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2019

Fog computing has emerged to support the requirements of IoT applications that could not be met by today's solutions. Different initiatives have been presented to drive the development of fog, and much work has been done to improve certain aspects. However, an in-depth analysis of the different solutions, detailing how they can be integrated and applied to meet specific requirements, is still required. In this work, we present a unified architectural model and a new taxonomy, by comparing a large number of solutions. Finally, we draw some conclusions and guidelines for the development of IoT applications based on fog.

2021

Internet of Things is considered one of the most trending topic in the world of Information Technology. The Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure with selfconfiguring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual “things” have identities, physical attributes and virtual personalities, use intelligent interfaces and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. While Cloud Computing can today be considered well established, modern application domains such as IoT, autonomous driving, or even mobile applications trying to tap the full potential of future 5G networks require an extension of the cloud towards the edge, thus, naturally leading to the new Fog Computing paradigm. Fog computing is enhancement of the cloud-based network and computing services. Fog Computing extends the Cloud Computing paradigm to the edge of the network, thus enabling a new breed of applications and services. This paper pr...

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018

Internet of Things is the future of the Internet. It encircles a wide scope. There are currently billions of devices connected to the Internet and this trend is expecting to grow exponentially. Cisco predicts there are at present 20 billion connected devices. These devices, along with their varied data types, transmission rates and communication protocols connect to the Internet seamlessly. The futuristic implementation of Internet of Things across various scenarios demands the real time performance delivery. These range from RFID connected devices to huge data centers. Until date, there is no single communication protocol available for envisioning IoT. There is still no common, agreed upon architecture. Hence, huge challenges lie ahead. One of the ways to envision Internet of Things is to make use of Fog Networks. Fog is essentially a cloudlet, located nearer to the ground. It offers lower latency and better bandwidth conservation. The Fog or Fog computing is a recent concept. The OpenFog Consortium is a joint effort of many vendors. Its latest work is the background study for realizing Fog as a possible paltform for activating Internet of Things. This paper revolves around Envisioning Internet of Things using Fog computing. It begins with a detailed background study of Internet of Things and Fog Architecture. It covers applications and scenarios where such knowledge is highly applicable. The paper concludes by proposing Fog Computing as a possible platform for Internet of Things.