Fog Computing and Its Role in the Internet of Things

IEEE Communications Magazine, 2018

Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2019

Fog computing has emerged to support the requirements of IoT applications that could not be met by today's solutions. Different initiatives have been presented to drive the development of fog, and much work has been done to improve certain aspects. However, an in-depth analysis of the different solutions, detailing how they can be integrated and applied to meet specific requirements, is still required. In this work, we present a unified architectural model and a new taxonomy, by comparing a large number of solutions. Finally, we draw some conclusions and guidelines for the development of IoT applications based on fog.

Big Data-Enabled Internet of Things, 2019

Emerging technologies that generate a huge amount of data such as the Internet of Things (IoT) services need latency aware computing platforms to support time-critical applications. Due to the on-demand services and scalability features of cloud computing, Big Data application processing is done in the cloud infrastructure. Managing Big Data applications exclusively in the cloud is not an efficient solution for latency-sensitive applications related to smart transportation systems, healthcare solutions, emergency response systems and content delivery applications. Thus, the Fog computing paradigm that allows applications to perform computing operations in-between the cloud and the end devices has emerged. In Fog architecture, IoT devices and sensors are connected to the Fog devices which are located in close proximity to the users and it is also responsible for intermediate computation and storage. Most computations will be done on the edge by eliminating full dependencies on the cloud resources. In this chapter, we investigate and survey Fog computing architectures which have been proposed over the past few years. Moreover, we study the requirements of IoT applications and platforms, and the limitations faced by cloud systems when executing IoT applications. Finally, we review current research works that particularly focus on Big Data application execution on Fog and address several open challenges as well as future research directions.

International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering , 2021

Cloud computing is currently the most sought-after solution for almost all of enterprise problems. Distinguishing features of the Cloud are ease of service and lesser hassle on the client end. These services come with a hefty price. Cloud services face issues of delay, slower connectivity and security. Fog Computing answers these downsides by providing nearer-to-ground and ever available Internet connection to nodes. Fog Computing relies on multiple, smaller clouds, nearer to ground. Internet of Things is the next logical leap for Internet. It envisions creating an environment wherein various heterogeneous devices can communicate with each other via internet. Enabling Internet of Things requires uninterrupted Internet connection and an interpreter. Both these features are intrinsically present in Fog Computing. Hence, this paper proposes Fog as the expected ground for enabling Internet of Things.

2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT), 2016

The technologies of Internet of Things have been wide used in many areas such as intelligent building, logistics, security, and health. One of the key elements of the Internet of Things is Wireless Sensors and Actuators Networks(WSANs). Fog computing, the new concept of the cloud at the edge of the network, is considered the appropriate platform for many Internet of Things services and applications. In this paper we present a gateway based fog computing architecture for WSANs and argue that the key requirements of this architecture. This architecture mainly consists of master nodes and slave nodes, and manages virtual gateway functions, flows, and resources.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 2019

Fog Computing (introduced in 2012) is now considered to be the most prioritized choice for applications of Internet of Things. Fog Computing allows to move a part of the processing in the cloud to the network devices present along the node to the cloud. It makes communications and storage services in proximity to the end user. It is used to well support time dependent, location dependent, massive scale, and latency sensitive applications. Fog computing makes the task laid-back for cloud by filtering the needless data before forwarding the data to the cloud. This paper is assembled into two parts. The first part covers the basic outline and architecture of fog. The second part talks about the working of Fog Computing and its benefits and limitations.

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

The internet of things (IoT) research envisions a world in which common place objects are linked to the internet and trade, store, process, and gather data from their surroundings. Due to their inherent resource limitations, IoT devices are typically unable to directly host application services, despite their increasing importance for facilitating the supply of data to enable electronic services. Since it can survive and work in tandem with centralized cloud systems and extends the latter toward the network edge, fog computing (FC) may be an appropriate paradigm to get around these restrictions. This paper reviews the overview of the IoT in terms of application and design parameters and FC. Meanwhile, this paper presents the architecture of fog computing for IoT (FC-IoT) in terms of communication, security, data quality, sensing and actuation management, codification, analysis, and decision-making. Additionally, this review provides several characteristics and challenges of FC-IoT. Finally, open issues for this paper have been discussed. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018

Internet of Things is the future of the Internet. It encircles a wide scope. There are currently billions of devices connected to the Internet and this trend is expecting to grow exponentially. Cisco predicts there are at present 20 billion connected devices. These devices, along with their varied data types, transmission rates and communication protocols connect to the Internet seamlessly. The futuristic implementation of Internet of Things across various scenarios demands the real time performance delivery. These range from RFID connected devices to huge data centers. Until date, there is no single communication protocol available for envisioning IoT. There is still no common, agreed upon architecture. Hence, huge challenges lie ahead. One of the ways to envision Internet of Things is to make use of Fog Networks. Fog is essentially a cloudlet, located nearer to the ground. It offers lower latency and better bandwidth conservation. The Fog or Fog computing is a recent concept. The OpenFog Consortium is a joint effort of many vendors. Its latest work is the background study for realizing Fog as a possible paltform for activating Internet of Things. This paper revolves around Envisioning Internet of Things using Fog computing. It begins with a detailed background study of Internet of Things and Fog Architecture. It covers applications and scenarios where such knowledge is highly applicable. The paper concludes by proposing Fog Computing as a possible platform for Internet of Things.

Mobile Information Systems

Realization of Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the scope of connectivity and reachability ubiquitously. Under the umbrella of IoT, every object which is smart enough to communicate with other object leads to the enormous data generation of varying sizes and nature. Cloud computing (CC) employs centralized data centres for the provisioning of remote services and resources. However, for the reason of being far away from client devices, CC has their own limitations especially for time and resource critical applications. The remote and centralized characteristics of CC often result in creating bottle necks, being latent, and hence deteriorate the quality of service (QoS) in the provisioning of services. Here, the concept of fog computing (FC) emerges that tends to leverage CC and end devices for data congestion and processing locally in a distributed and decentralized way. However, addressing latency and bottleneck issues for time critical applications are still challenging....

2016

The “Cloud” is considered as the powerhouse that will fuel and support the expansion of IoT. The Internet of Things (IoT) continues to gain momentum as vendors and enterprises begin to embrace the opportunities this market presents. According to new research from International Data Corporation (IDC), the worldwide Internet of Things market will grow from $655.8 billion in 2014 to $1.7 trillion in 2020 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 16.9% [11] with devices, connectivity and IT services taking a majority stake in the market of IoT. This emerging wave of end-computing deployment requires mobility support, geo-distribution, location awareness and most notably very low latency. Will the Cloud be able to provide these features? Or maybe, the right question to ask is if it will be able to sustain the expected growth of IoT, with billions of devices communicating over data shared across inter-clouds while providing the kind of quality of service that we have come to expect over time. In this paper, we pore over the existing Cloud Computing landscape and contemplate its place in the “Things to Come” era of computing. We look at new hierarchical distributed architectures that extend from the edge of the network to the core of the cloud and delve into the idea of extending out the cloud and bringing it to the edge of the compute endpoints. Something that is now being called “The Fog”