Hepatitis B familial transmission analysis

The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam, 2019

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complicated brain disorder that is resulted from the liver failure. In HE, due to the inability of the liver in detoxification, the concentration of toxins, such as ammonia, will be increased in the blood and brain. To preserve neurons from the adverse effects of ammonia, as trocytes convert it to glutamine. The increase in glutamine, in turn, alter osmotic pressure and the volume of the inters titial fluid in the brain. On the other hand, the increase in ammonia level also excites immune cells in the brain and induces neuroinflammation. The high levels of ammonia and subsequent neuroinflammation alter neurotransmitter levels, which in turn induce cognitive dysfunctions, including learning and memory impairments as well as locomotion and coordination disorders. Glutamate and GABA and the downs tream signaling cascades are the main molecular pathways that are affected in HE. Conclusion: According to the lates t molecular data, it can be concluded that different signaling molecules downs tream to the neurotransmitters receptors, such as Ca2+-dependent kinases including protein kinase C and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, mitogen-activated protein kinases and inflammatory cytokines, are proposed as the effective molecules in pathogenesis as well as potential targets for controlling and treatments of HE in the future. Considering the multidimensional appearance of HE, it can be proposed that a complex of treatment s trategies, including the use of lowering ammonia level agents, effective antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and a balance in protein intake can effectively control the symptoms of HE.

2018

Background & Aim: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of human bacterial infections, recognized as the second most prevalent infection known to man. Blood group are susceptible agents to cause infections in different parts of the body, playing an important role in pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. This study aimed to determine the type of bacteria causing urinary tract infection in various blood groups. Materials & Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted on 491 urine samples collected from patients referring to the laboratory of Alavi Hospital in Ardabil, Iran via midstream clean catch method. A form containing demographic characteristics, history of disease, and type of blood group was filled for all patients. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 20 using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: In this research, Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria causing UTI with the highest frequenci...

Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 2018

Background and purpose: Increasing resistance to Quinolones in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia in Sari, has caused many problems in treatment. Mutation in gyrA gene lead to changes in amino acids and resistance against Fluoroquinolones in E. coli and K. pneumonia. This study aimed at identifying remarkable mutations in E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates using PCR-SSCP analysis. Materials and methods: Antibiotic sensitivity test (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid) was performed using Agar Disk Diffusion method. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was confirmed by E-test. (MIC experiment). We used PCR-SSCP method to detect mutation in gyrA (ser83 – asp 87) genes. Then, the PCR products were randomly sequenced. Results: From 103 isolates, 65 (63.2 %) were E. coli and 38 (36.8%) were K. pneumoniae. In all E.coli isolates resistant to Ciprofloxacin, at least one mutation was observed. Also, in all K. pneumoniae samples resistant to Ciprofloxacin, at least one mutation was seen and in 14 ...

Journal of Payavard Salamat, 2018

‫پروتئین‬ ‫فیوژن‬ ،E2-fliC ‫ی‬ ‫سازه‬ ‫بیان‬ ،C ‫هپاتیت‬ ‫ویروس‬ ،E2 ‫ژن‬ ‫انتریکا،‬ ‫سالمونال‬ ،fliC ‫ژن‬ ‫کلیدی:‬ ‫های‬ ‫واژه‬ accuracy of the recombinant plasmid pcDNA-E2-fliC was confirmed by PCR, restriction enzymes and DNA sequencing. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that E2-FliC fusion protein has expressed efficiently and most likely similar to HCV E2 protein induces immune system of mice after their immunization with pcDNA-E2-fliC.

Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2019

Article Subject: Virology 10.30699/ijmm.13.4.266 Background and Aims: Co-word analysis, based on Co-occurrence, as one of the important techniques of Scientometrics and bibliometrics, enables the analysis of the content of scientific documents of the specific Research Area. The purpose of the present study is visualize HPV clusters relationships and thematic trends in the world. Materials and Methods: The research type is an applied one with analytical approach and it has been done using co-word analysis. The population of this study consists of articles' keywords indexed during 2014-2018 in the Web of Science (WoS) in HPV subject area. The total numbers of the retrieved and analyzed keywords in this study were 13249. Some software like SPSS, UCINET and VOSViewer were used for data integration and analysis. Results: The findings showed that the keyword "CERVICAL CANCER" have had the highest frequency and with "CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA" and they were co-word couples. The results of the strategic diagram showed that the most clusters in HPV placed in third area of strategic diagram, it means these subjects (clusters) were emerging or declining. Conclusion: Co-word analysis is suitable method for discover and visualize different sciences and their prominent patterns, hidden relationships and thematic trends research' subject areas. The results of these analysis and findings of such researches will help research policy makers

2019

Background & Aim: Urinary tract infections are among the most prevalent diseases in children and can lead to serious complications if improperly treated with antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the bacteriological factors and resistance of children to urinary infection antibiotics. Materials & Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was performed on 160 children, who referred to Motahari Hospital in Urmia with a positive urine culture. The desired strains were recognized and identified using biochemical tests and differential culture media. In addition, antibiotic resistance pattern of the strains was determined by disc fusion method (Kirby-Bauer) as recommended by CLSI. Moreover, data analysis was performed using Chi-square, and P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of 160 children assessed, 119 were female, and 41 were male. According to the results, the highest prevalence of urinary infection was related to the age range below two ye...

2015

Introduction: Evaluating intravascular volume is an important but complicated matter in management of critically ill patients, especially in children. Although invasive techniques have the ability to accurately estimate the intravascular volume, but they have dangerous side effects. Therefore, the present study was designed with the aim of comparing the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic diameters of inferior vena cava (IVC), aorta, internal jugular vein (IJV), and IVC/aorta ratio in identifying pediatric dehydration in children presented to the emergency department (ED). Methods: The present prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with the aim of determining the diagnostic accuracy of sonographic diameters of IVC, IJV, and aorta, in estimation of dehydration rate for children presented to the ED with mild to moderate dehydration. Their screening performance characteristics, such as area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity, were calculated and used for this...

Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench, 2016

This case-control study investigated the various PAI markers, phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial susceptibility among DEC and commensal E. coli isolates. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an emerging agent among pathogens that cause diarrheal diseases and represents a major public health problem in developing countries. The major difference in virulence among DEC pathotype and commensals may be related to the presence of specific genomic segments, termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs). A total of 600 stool specimens from children (450 with and 150 without diarrhea) were collected and various PAI markers, phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial resistance profile among DEC and commensal E. coli isolates were detected. One hundred sixty eight (90.3%) isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. PAI markers were detected in a substantial percentage of commensal (90%) and DEC isolates (99.3%) (P> 0.05). The most prevalent PAI marker among DEC and commensal isolat...

Journal of Animal Science, 1999

2015