Abstract
This article will claim that biblical lament expressed in corporate worship is uniquely fitted to provide therapeutic benefit for trauma victims. First, the pervasiveness of traumatic experience will be explored and established. Second, the contemporary church’s neglect of lament will be explored and established. Third, the Lament Psalms and the book of Lamentations will be explored and examined with attention given to contents, structures, and backgrounds that confirm these texts as the “biblical language of trauma.” Fourth and finally, the therapeutic benefits of lament will be examined in the light of trauma recovery theory and pastoral theology. The terms victim and survivor will be used interchangeably since each term represents an aspect of traumatic experience. (Individuals are wounded, shaken, and disoriented – victimized; but in the waves of aftermath, existence often becomes survival.) Originally published in Cultural Encounters, Volume 11, Number 1, Winter 2015, pp. 50-68.
References (29)
- Daniel J. Estes, Handbook on the Wisdom Books and Psalms (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005), 166.
- Ibid.
- Craig C. Broyles, "Lament, Psalms of," in Dictionary of the Old Testament Wisdom, Poetry, and Writings, ed. Tremper Longman III and Peter Enns (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2008), 388.
- Estes, Handbook, 166.
- Peter Scazzero and Warren Bird, The Emotionally Healthy Church: A Strategy for Discipleship That Actually Changes Lives (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003), 165.
- Claus Westermann, Praise and Lament in the Psalms (Atlanta, GA: John Knox Press, 1981), 176-177.
- Estes, Handbook, 167.
- Westermann, Praise and Lament, 177.
- Broyles, "Lament, Psalms of," 388.
- Estes, Handbook, 167.
- Broyles, "Lament, Psalms of," 388.
- The originality of the superscripts is a matter of scholarly question. Bruce K. Waltke and others have presented compelling arguments in favor of originality.
- Bruce K. Waltke, James M. Houston, and Erika Moore, The Psalms as Christian Worship: A Historical Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2010),
- Estes notes that even those who question originality respect the superscripts as "the earliest extant interpretations" of the psalms. Estes, Handbook, 143.
- Eugene H. Peterson, Five Smooth Stones for Pastoral Work (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1980), 115.
- Herman, Trauma and Recovery, 181.
- Ibid., 177.
- Baglyos, "Lament in the Liturgy," 257.
- Peterson, Five Smooth Stones, 119.
- Smith, Caring Liturgies, 97.
- Diane Strong Nesheim, "Sexual Abuse Survivors in the Church," in Healing the Hurting: Giving Hope and Help to Abused Women, ed. Catherine Clark Kroeger and James R. Beck (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1998), 142.
- Briere and Scott, Principles of Trauma Therapy, 231.
- Herman, Trauma and Recovery, 155.
- Tracy, Mending the Soul, 125.
- Herman, Trauma and Recovery, 3.
- Peterson, Five Smooth Stones, 145.
- Allen, Liturgy of Grief, 8.
- Rebekah Eklund, Jesus Wept: The Significance of Jesus' Laments in the New Testament (Library of New Testament Studies, New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015), 170-72. "Christian lament joins in with Jesus' speaking of lament, in longing for the completion of what Jesus' ministry, death, and resurrection began-the return of Christ and the full arrival of God's kingdom" (170). Also, see Parry, Lamentations, 191-193.
- Estes, Handbook, 166.