The Semantic Web-on the respective Roles of XML and RDF

Applied System Simulation, 2003

The enormous growth in the number of documents circulated over the Web increases the need for improved Web data management systems. In order to evaluate the performance of these systems, various simulation approaches must be used. In this paper, we study the main simulation models that have been deployed for Web data management. More specifically, we survey the most recent simulation approaches, for Web data representation and storage (in terms of caching) as well as for Web data trace evaluation.

The Electronic Library, 2006

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to describe a framework of ontological techniques to restrengthen current content management systems of a natural science museum. The ontological approach is utilized to extend the service level from information to knowledge. Design/methodology/approach-Two ontologies have been established to perform vascular plant and herbal drug knowledge bases that further facilitate knowledge integration and inference. Furthermore, this study presented ontology development processes, including knowledge acquisition, representation, and retrieval. Findings-Empirical lessons related to development techniques are concluded as follows: first, the formal concept analysis can be used as a knowledge acquisition approach to acquire concepts and attributes from expertise. Second, the Ontology Web Language represents an XML-based language which provides formal logic expressions for describing knowledge concepts. Finally, the Jena APIs can be further developed as an ontology reasoner to facilitate knowledge inference and retrieval. Research limitations/implications-The development of ontological knowledge base is time-consuming and requires seamless collaboration among specialists, knowledge engineers, and information systems. Practical implications-Empirical lessons indicate that ontological techniques provide potential approaches for library and museum communities to apply for next generation knowledge building. Originality/value-This study indicates that ontological techniques have excellent potential for knowledge building.

Ciência da Informação, 2001

Digital Libraries (DLs) are extremely complex information systems that support the creation, management, distribution, and preservation of complex information resources, while allowing effective and efficient interaction among the several societies that benefit from DL content and services. In this paper, we focus on our experience facing challenges of building, maintaining, and developing the Networked University Digital Library (www.nudl.org), an extension of the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (www.ndltd.org). NUDL is a worldwide initiative that addresses making the intellectual property produced in universities more accessible, stimulating international collaboration across all disciplines. We detail technological aspects of our solutions and research activities carried out to provide powerful and enriched services for the communities served by this initiative.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003

The knowledge representation field is gaining momentum with the advent of the Semantic Web activity within the W3C. This working group, thanks to previous researches, has proposed the Ontology Web Language to enhance the expressivity of web pages and to allow semantic inferences. This paper argues that knowledge representation technologies should be core components of multi-agent platforms. In the first part of this paper, we introduce our agent model that relies on the notion of skill. Then, we identify several criteria that let us to believe that the Owl language should be used as a content language within Agent Communication Languages and also in the design of multi-agent platforms. In the last part, we discuss the conceptual and technological challenges that platform designers coming from the multi-agent field have to deal with when trying to integrate knowledge representation technologies.

Journalism and Media

The technologies behind today’s web services, tools, and applications are evolving continually. As a result, the workflows and methods of different business sectors are undergoing constant change. The news industry and journalism are heavily affected by these changes. New technological means for practicing journalism and producing news items are being incorporated in media workflows, challenging well established journalistic norms and practices. The perpetual technological evolution of the web creates a wide range of opportunities. For this reason, both technology companies and media organizations have begun to experiment with semantic web technologies. Our focus in this paper was to discover and define the ways that semantic technologies can contribute to the technological upgrade of everyday journalism. From this perspective, we introduced the term ‘semantic journalism’ and attempted to investigate the transition of journalism to a semantic-oriented technological framework.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012

For achieving semantic interoperability, messages or documents exchanged electronically between systems are commonly modelled using standard specifications, such as the UN/CEFACT CCTS (core components technical specification). However, additional requirements, such as the need for layout markup or common metadata for certain archiving scenarios might be applied to the documents. Furthermore, the management of resulting artefacts, i.e., core components, XML schemas and related infrastructure, could be cumbersome in some cases. This paper investigates the use of the W3C XHTML+RDFa (extensible hypertext markup language with resource description framework attributes) for representing both the layout and semantics of documents modelled according to CCTS. The paper focuses on the validation of XHTML+RDFa documents against a core components library represented as an ontology. In addition, the paper illustrates and validates this demand-driven solution in the scope of the Finnish National Project for IT in Social Services.

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences, 2018

E-learning offers advantages for E-learners by making access to learning objects at any time or place, very fast, just-in-time and relevance. However, with the rapid increase of learning objects and it is syntactically structured it will be time-consuming to find contents they really need to study.In this paper, we design and implementation of knowledge-based industrial reusable, interactive web-based training and use semantic web based e-learning to deliver learning contents to the learner in flexible, interactive, and adaptive way. The semantic and recommendation and personalized search of Learning objects is based on the comparison of the learner profile and learning objects to determine a more suitable relationship between learning objects and learner profiles. Therefore, it will advise the e-learner with most suitable learning objects using the semantic similarity.

New Library World, 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide recommendations for making a conceptual shift from current document‐centric to data‐centric metadata. The importance of adjusting current library models such as Resource Description and Access (RDA) and Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) to models based on Linked Data principles is discussed. In relation to technical formats, the paper suggests the need to leapfrog from machine readable cataloguing (MARC) to Resource Description Framework (RDF), without disrupting current library metadata operations.Design/methodology/approachThis paper identified and reviewed relevant works on overarching topics that include standards‐based metadata, Web 2.0 and Linked Data. The review of these works is contextualised to inform the recommendations identified in this paper. Articles were retrieved from databases such as Emerald and D‐Lib Magazine. Books, electronic articles and relevant blog posts were also used to support the argu...

Wireless Personal Communications, 2013

This paper deals with the problem of transforming eXtensible Markup Language (XML) data into the Resource Description Language (RDF) which can be understood by the computer. While it is not difficult to customize XML for arbitrary data, the effective transformation is not straightforward and the result may be not semantically richer than the source document since the redundancy data resulted from the duplicate elements in XML schema. To cope with this problem, we propose an approach to measure the similarity between these duplicates before giving the transforming strategy. The similarity measure is the combination of the children and ancestor factors, which describe the relationship of elements. The experimental results show that the proposed method gives the high degree of accuracy and produces better quality of RDF ontology.

Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a step towards the support for integrated and uniform access to information sources. It is designed to standardize the definition and use of metadata descriptions of Web-based resources. It is complemented with RDF Schema (RDFS) that lets developers define an extensible, object-oriented type system for RDF data models. While RDF is targeted towards representing metadata, it can represent the underlying data as well. Together, RDF and RDFS provide a sound basis for the capture of domain knowledge in a form that lends itself for automatic processing. Since the Web is inherently distributed, RDF querying systems should also be able to handle the distribution of multiple, autonomous RDF repositories. A sound approach is needed for querying distributed RDF sources to disclose the information they contain. In this chapter we examine several architectures for querying distributed RDF (meta)data and point out a number of issues that will have to be dealt with in order to provide a viable solution. The discussion traces the development of distributed applications that attempt to exploit the promises of interoperability of the Semantic Web and have to deal with the requirements that arise from that. The chapter focuses on the problems associated with the introduction of RDF (meta)data in the distributed information system arena.

Future Internet, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2003

The long term vision of beyond 3G wireless communications describes an evolution towards beyond 3G systems. The ultimate goal of this evolution is a dynamic environment that enables the delivery of situation-aware, personalised multimedia services over heterogeneous, ubiquitous infrastructures. Under this perspective, the need is emerging for applying, in a systematic way, adaptability and reconfigurability concepts for service delivery in largely diverse contexts. Moreover, it is widely recognised that services will be increasingly developed by independent third parties. The present contribution complements previous work by the authors, related to mediating service provision platforms and advanced adaptability and profile management frameworks, by introducing mechanisms that allow third parties to dynamically enhance the service delivery and adaptation middleware in order to achieve applicationspecific customisations in various aspects of the mobile service provision process.

Data Intelligence, 2020

With the rapid growth of the linked data on the Web, the quality assessment of the RDF data set becomes particularly important, especially for the quality and accessibility of the linked data. In most cases, RDF data sets are shared online, leading to a high maintenance cost for the quality assessment. This also potentially pollutes Internet data. Recently blockchain technology has shown the potential in many applications. Using the blockchain storage quality assessment results can reduce the centralization of the authority, and the quality assessment results have characteristics such as non-tampering. To this end, we propose an RDF data quality assessment model in a decentralized environment, pointing out a new dimension of RDF data quality. We use the blockchain to record the data quality assessment results and design a detailed update strategy for the quality assessment results. We have implemented a system DCQA to test and verify the feasibility of the quality assessment model. ...

Machines, 2019

Recent advances in manufacturing technology, such as cyber–physical systems, industrial Internet, AI (Artificial Intelligence), and machine learning have driven the evolution of manufacturing architectures into integrated networks of automation devices, services, and enterprises. One of the resulting challenges of this evolution is the increased need for interoperability at different levels of the manufacturing ecosystem. The scope ranges from shop–floor software, devices, and control systems to Internet-based cloud-platforms, providing various services on-demand. Successful implementation of interoperability in smart manufacturing would, thus, result in effective communication and error-prone data-exchange between machines, sensors, actuators, users, systems, and platforms. A significant challenge to this is the architecture and the platforms that are used by machines and software packages. A better understanding of the subject can be achieved by studying industry-specific communic...

Journal of Information Science, 2003

The increasing demand for accessing heterogeneous information sources to support global applications and decision making requirements forces organizations to solve heterogeneity problems. One of the important problems stemming from accessing the heterogeneous data is semantic heterogeneity. A number of research efforts have been proposed to address this problem, ranging from mediator-based systems, description logic-based systems to content-descriptive metadata systems. In this paper, we propose a metadata dictionary as an assistant mechanism for solving semantic heterogeneity. The proposed metadata dictionary is designed based on domain ontology where the constituent components are defined in terms of object-oriented and set theory. An XML-based data model is employed to manipulate and express the metadata dictionary contents. The inherent flexibility of XML technology permits system-wide interoperability suitable for a Web-based environment.

Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2014

The demand of software as a service (SaaS)-based services delivering computing resources as on-demand software is on the rise in the IT industry. However, one of the drawbacks of the existing SaaS services is that they offer limited or no personalization of the services provided according to the users profile. Personalization as mentioned in the literature has been a key driver in the adoption and usage of various applications and in providing better service experience to the users. However, overwhelming majority of such personalized services rely extensively on the server side, without embracing fast-developing client-side technologies. In SaaS-based cloud services, utilizing this technology is necessary considering their limited processing specifications. Approaches have been proposed in the literature that focus on cloud-based personalization using client-side technologies but none of them actually address all the different components that are required for a scalable and holistic personalization framework for SaaS-based cloud services. In this paper, we address this drawback by proposing a user-focussed personalization framework. Our proposed framework takes advantage of powerful client side browsers to reduce server overheads, ameliorate performance, establish high intelligence and enrich data processing. To validate and demonstrate the applicability of our framework, we build a prototype model and compare its performance against existing approaches using different metrics.

Research Anthology on Military and Defense Applications, Utilization, Education, and Ethics, 2021

Despite the academic and military interest in the use of combined cyber-kinetic effects in future warfare, there is little that seeks to scientifically analyse the impact of combined cyber and kinetic military action. Current approaches to simulation focus on either the physical or cyber, but there are no current simulation approaches that combine these two domains. Military simulations in particular favor physical domains over cyber ones, relegating the uniqueness and nuances of cyber a second order consideration. Future warfare will incorporate a combined multi-domain conflict, and this includes cyber. To effectively simulate this, the uniqueness of each domain must be considered, including the interaction between domains to produce combined effects. This work introduces the Battlespace Integrated Cyber-Kinetic Effects (BICKE) simulation framework. The BICKE framework is designed specifically to combine the cyber and physical domains for the purposes of simulating mission impact. ...

Springer eBooks, 2007

In order to increase IT and business agility or to improve IT systems and business processes integration many organizations are currently implementing business process management systems (BPMS) or adopting a service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm. However, in doing so, IT complexity will admittedly increase and IT managers then are in need of effective governance techniques covering both strategic initiatives, BPM and SOA. This contribution reexamines the problem domain in the novel Enhanced Process-Driven Architecture (ePDA) model in order to systematically derive the requirements for combined BPM and SOA governance. We then formulate a semantic meta model capable of capturing necessary artifacts and describe its technical implementation in Software AG's and Fujitsu's joint CentraSite governance registry/repository. As "lessons learned" from several projects we systematically derive governance benefits using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and highlight measures on software deployment issues.

ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 2010

The Closed World Assumption (CWA) on databases expresses the assumption that an atom not in the database is false. This assumption is applicable only in cases where the database has complete knowledge about the domain of discourse. In this article, we investigate locally closed databases, that is: databases that are sound but partially incomplete about their domain. Such databases consist of a standard database instance, augmented with a collection of Local Closed World Assumptions (LCWAs). A LCWA is a “local” form of the CWA, expressing that a database relation is complete in a certain area, called a window of expertise . In this work, we study locally closed databases both from a knowledge representation and from a computational perspective. At the representation level, the approach taken in this article distinguishes between the data that is conveyed by a database and the metaknowledge about the area in which the data is complete. We study the semantics of the LCWA's and rela...