Pattern-based English-Latvian Toponym Translation

DEStech Transactions on Social Science Education and Human Science, 2019

The study investigates the language difficulties of the Linguistic Landscape (LL) optimization for the establishment of a convenient system of navigation for foreign tourists in Russian Federation. The authors discuss the approaches to translating Russian urbanonyms into the English language. Particular attention is paid to existing evaluation guidelines for the translation of urbanonyms. The study reveals a systemic approach in translation as well as errors and inconsistent practical implications resulted in Linguistic Landscape of different cities. The results on the analysis of the translated urbanonyms implemented during the preparation for 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia (Ekaterinburg) are reported to give the evaluation of weaker and stronger translations in terms of unimpeded communication. Of special importance are difficult cases of translation where the authors suggest alternative solutions.

2011

Many approaches have been proposed in recent years in the context of Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR), mostly in order to deal with geographically constrained information in un-structured texts. Most of these approaches share a common scheme: in order to disambiguate a toponym t with n possible referents in a document d, they find a certain number of context toponyms c 0 , . . . , c k that are contained in d. A score for each referent is calculated according to the context toponyms, and the referent with the highest score is selected. According to the method used to calculate the score, Toponym Disambiguation (TD) methods may be grouped into three main categories, as proposed by [7]:

2021

The paper describes the process of extraction and analysis of toponyms included in the records of Polish National Library catalogs from 1801 to 2019. Using NLP and data science techniques, toponyms in bibliographic records were automatically identified and disambiguated. Web applications were prepared to visualize the projection of toponyms from databases in MARC format onto maps of Europe and the world. In the course of the research, the main geographical and cultural areas present in Polish publishing between 1801 and 2019 were identified and quantitatively analyzed. According to the culturomics paradigm and the longue durée theory, the hypothesis that large bibliographies are a faithful mirror of the historical development of the culture, economy, and political situation of a country in the long term

2010

Abstract In recent years, geography has acquired a great importance in the context of Information Retrieval (IR) and, in general, of the automated processing of information in text. Mobile devices that are able to surf the web and at the same time inform about their position are now a common reality, together with applications that can exploit this data to provide users with locally customised information, such as directions or advertisements.

Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2016

Actual problems of toponymy are discussed in this article. The authors shows opportunities of using geoinformation and cartographic methods in toponymical investigation. Also in this research paper series of ancient place names and geographical terms are defined and a specific classification system of terms, based on specific data, is given (for example: oronyms, hydronyms, pasturable terminology and etc.). Etymology of Kazakh place names that shows physical and geographical characteristics of environment (landscape features, influenced by human activities, ecology and other factors), must be investigated in the scientific area.

Proceeding of the 2nd international workshop on Geographic information retrieval - GIR '08, 2008

Toponym Disambiguation, i.e. the task of assigning to place name their correct reference in the world, is getting more attention from many researchers. Many methods have been proposed since now, making use of different resources, techniques and sense inventories. Unfortunately, a gold standard for the evaluation of those methods is not yet available; therefore, it is difficult to verify the performance of such methods. Recently, a georeferenced version of WordNet has been developed, a resource that can be used to compare methods that are based on geographical data with methods that use textual information. In this paper we carry out a comparison between two of these methods. The results show that the knowledge-based method allowed us to obtain better results with a smaller context size. On the other hand, we observed that the map-based method needs a large context to obtain a good accuracy.

2006

Toponym resolution (TR) is the task of mapping the name of a location to a spatial representation of the location referred to, such as the centroid of the location, given as latitude/longitude. While a number of systems for automating the task have been described in the literature, to date no comparative evaluation study has existed, mainly for lack of a standard benchmark (i.e., gazetteer and evaluation corpus). On the basis of a benchmark methodology and dataset, we present the first systematic account of the utility of different heuristics for the toponym resolution task, based on experimental comparison on two novel, large-scale gold-standard corpora. Each heuristic’s utility is evaluated in isolation, and in addition, two previously reported complex methods are replicated in full.

Mitteilungen Der Osterreichischen Geographischen Gesellschaft, 2019

International Journal of Cartography, 2015

The titles of customized topographic maps constitute a specific corpus which is characterized by a very significant number of place names and spelling variations. This paper is about identifying toponyms in these titles. The toponym tracking is based on gazetteers as well as light parsing according to patterns. The method used broadens the definition of the toponym to include the nature of the corpus and the data in it. It consists of seven successive stages where both the extralinguistic context-in this case toponym georeferencing-and the linguistic context are taken into account. Mistakes in tagging are analyzed from the corpus characteristics and the results of each step tagging are evaluated (recall, precision, F-measure). Different conclusions can be suggested: i) toponym recognition in web corpora should take into account spelling changes, ii) toponym recognition cannot be limited to gazetteer proper nouns, iii) the notion of subjective toponym is relevant in this specific corpus, and could be considered with reference to the customization of maps.

2014

Viaggio attraverso toponimi. Un approccio metodologico per lo sviluppo di un geo-atlante dei toponimi La toponomastica e una testimonianza della “saggezza del passato”, il patrimonio culturale stratificato di una comunita. E quindi necessario preservare i toponimi come espressione di questo patrimonio con una attenta analisi critica, interdisciplinare e “globale” delle loro proprieta geografiche e della loro genesi. In quest’ottica, il Laboratorio di Cartografia e Toponomastica Storica dell’Universita degli Studi di Salerno raccoglie, cataloga, analizza e utilizza scientificamente, per la ricerca e la didattica della geografia, mappe e toponimi antichi su scala nazionale ed europea. Le ricerche, finora pubblicate in diversi saggi, sono basate su un modello originale di analisi e classificazione che mira a considerare tutti i diversi metodi di indagine geo-toponomastica, in senso diacronico e sincronico, con riferimento ai temi dell’identita e della pianificazione territoriale “geoc...