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GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS IMPACTS ON CLIMATE OF INDIA

Profile image of Çræzy SòvùÇræzy Sòvù

Abstract
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The paper discusses global warming and its significant impacts on climate in India. It highlights a history of increasing global temperatures, catastrophic climatic events, and the specific vulnerabilities faced by India due to its socioeconomic profile. The study emphasizes the need for proactive strategies and policies to mitigate future disasters, asserting that merely rescuing affected populations is insufficient.

Figures (9)
The above map illustrates an analysis conducted by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, based on temperatures recorded at meteorological stations around the world and satellite data over the oceans. The map illustrates how much warmer temperatures were in the decade (2000-2009) compared to average temperatures recorded between 1951 and 1980. The Arctic regions exhibited the most severe warming as depicted in red color. The blue colored areas show the lower than normal temperatures, and thus are very few. Detailed researches of climatic events of the past 150 years have revealed that the temperatures have risen all over the globe, with the warming occurring in two phases. The first phase was from 1919 to 1940, with an average temperature gain of 0.35°C, and the second phase was from 1970 to the present, exhibiting temperature gains of 0.55°C. Records show that the past 25 years have been the warmest time of the past 5 centuries. The global warming has resulted in the warming of the oceans, rising of the sea levels, melting of glaciers, and diminished snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere.
The above map illustrates an analysis conducted by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, based on temperatures recorded at meteorological stations around the world and satellite data over the oceans. The map illustrates how much warmer temperatures were in the decade (2000-2009) compared to average temperatures recorded between 1951 and 1980. The Arctic regions exhibited the most severe warming as depicted in red color. The blue colored areas show the lower than normal temperatures, and thus are very few. Detailed researches of climatic events of the past 150 years have revealed that the temperatures have risen all over the globe, with the warming occurring in two phases. The first phase was from 1919 to 1940, with an average temperature gain of 0.35°C, and the second phase was from 1970 to the present, exhibiting temperature gains of 0.55°C. Records show that the past 25 years have been the warmest time of the past 5 centuries. The global warming has resulted in the warming of the oceans, rising of the sea levels, melting of glaciers, and diminished snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere.
With the increasing trends of global warming, predictions of severer climatic events have been made for India. The anticipated increase in precipitation, the melting of glaciers and expanding seas are projected to influence the Indian climate particularly severely, with an increase in incidence of floods, hurricanes, and storms. Global warming is also posing as a mammoth threat to the foods security situation in India with recurring and severe drought and ravaging floods engulfing the arable land. Rising Temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau are causing the melting of the Himalayan glaciers, reducing the water flow in the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, and other major rivers, on which the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of farmers depend.
With the increasing trends of global warming, predictions of severer climatic events have been made for India. The anticipated increase in precipitation, the melting of glaciers and expanding seas are projected to influence the Indian climate particularly severely, with an increase in incidence of floods, hurricanes, and storms. Global warming is also posing as a mammoth threat to the foods security situation in India with recurring and severe drought and ravaging floods engulfing the arable land. Rising Temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau are causing the melting of the Himalayan glaciers, reducing the water flow in the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra, Yamuna, and other major rivers, on which the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of farmers depend.
According to researches, unabated global warming will lead to exacerbation of the droughts, cutting down the water availability in the plains of Pradesh and Bihar. India’s initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) on Climate Change projects that Luni; the west flowing rivers of Kutchh and Saurashtra are likely to experience acute physical water scarcity. The river basins of Mahi, Pennar, Sabarmati and Tapi are also likely to experience constant water scarcities and shortages. As explained above, the process of global warming has such an impact on the climate that it increases the severity of precipitation at one time, and minimizes it in the other. Therefore, this process has resulted in severe drought like conditions in India, with tens of millions of deaths resulting from it in the past few centuries. India depends heavily on prolonged and optimum monsoons for its agricultural productivity, failure of which results in the decreased crop productivity, leading to droughts.
According to researches, unabated global warming will lead to exacerbation of the droughts, cutting down the water availability in the plains of Pradesh and Bihar. India’s initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) on Climate Change projects that Luni; the west flowing rivers of Kutchh and Saurashtra are likely to experience acute physical water scarcity. The river basins of Mahi, Pennar, Sabarmati and Tapi are also likely to experience constant water scarcities and shortages. As explained above, the process of global warming has such an impact on the climate that it increases the severity of precipitation at one time, and minimizes it in the other. Therefore, this process has resulted in severe drought like conditions in India, with tens of millions of deaths resulting from it in the past few centuries. India depends heavily on prolonged and optimum monsoons for its agricultural productivity, failure of which results in the decreased crop productivity, leading to droughts.
The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, researched on the impacts of climate change on sea level, to assess the degree to which mean sea level and the occurrence of extreme events may change, and concluded that an increased occurrence of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, particularly in the post-monsoon period, along with increased maximum wind speeds associated with cyclones and a greater number of high surges under climate change has been observed. In addition, the strength of tropical cyclones, which represent a threat to the eastern coast of India and to Bangladesh, is also likely to increase. As a result of g obal warming, the average number of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes per year has increased over the past 30 years. India has an 800 km coastline, and is therefore very susceptible to c Bay of Bengal t yclonic activity. Cyclones have been observed to be more frequent in the han the Arabian Sea. Consequently the states of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu along the Bay of Bengal are the most affected. The notable cyclones in Indi Cyclone 05B, w an history include the 1737 Calcutta cyclone, 1970 Bhola cyclone, and hich affected more than a million people.
The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Government of India, researched on the impacts of climate change on sea level, to assess the degree to which mean sea level and the occurrence of extreme events may change, and concluded that an increased occurrence of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, particularly in the post-monsoon period, along with increased maximum wind speeds associated with cyclones and a greater number of high surges under climate change has been observed. In addition, the strength of tropical cyclones, which represent a threat to the eastern coast of India and to Bangladesh, is also likely to increase. As a result of g obal warming, the average number of Category 4 and 5 hurricanes per year has increased over the past 30 years. India has an 800 km coastline, and is therefore very susceptible to c Bay of Bengal t yclonic activity. Cyclones have been observed to be more frequent in the han the Arabian Sea. Consequently the states of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu along the Bay of Bengal are the most affected. The notable cyclones in Indi Cyclone 05B, w an history include the 1737 Calcutta cyclone, 1970 Bhola cyclone, and hich affected more than a million people.
In addition, the following figure shows the government bodies and their roles in decreasing floods.
In addition, the following figure shows the government bodies and their roles in decreasing floods.

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References (4)

  1. Wikipedia-the free encyclopedia
  2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  3. Climate Change, Disasters and Security……Issues, Concerns and Implications for India By Sunil Chauhan
  4. Flood: Trends and Social Impacts in Indian context

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