Fictional Truth in Feuchtwanger's Novels
Abstract
In July 1932, the Nazis became the largest party in the German Reichstag (Parliament). On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was named Chancellor of the Weimar Republic. On March 22, 1933, Hitler effectively became the German Dictator. In other words, Germany morphed from a liberal constitutional democracy to an autocratic state led by a dictator in just eight months. Germans experienced the shock of plunging from a democracy, where citizens had “inalienable rights” to a police state where Nazi ideology and the whim of the Führer sanctioned mass incarceration of Communists, Socialists, Romany, and homosexuals. Jews lost their German citizenship and saw their property confiscated. How did this happen so quickly? Why didn’t Jews see this coming? One visionary author, Lion Feuchtwanger, did foresee the disaster; knew the answers to these questions; and – even while events were unfolding – wrote a new kind of novel aimed at warning German Jews of their danger. With deceptive calm, and through the lens of a Jewish upper-class family, the Oppermanns, he recounted daily life in the fall of 1932 when people still could not believe that the rantings of Hitler, the outlandish claims of a quasi-illiterate book like Mein Kampf, and the thuggish rallies of Brown Shirts could engulf a nation that prided itself as a world leader in science, medicine, education, arts, and culture. He then portrayed the family’s bewildered response to the early stages of Nazi autocracy in February and early March, just after Hitler was named Chancellor. Finally, in the third panel of this tryptic – and with extraordinary prescience, since this part occurs after Feuchtwanger himself had to flee Germany – he depicted a close-up view of life in one of the newly built forced labor camps that few Germans knew existed. Lion Feuchtwanger (1884-1958) was a successful novelist, screenwriter, and playwright whose German citizenship was revoked, and his house confiscated by the Nazis even as he was completing the novel as an exile in France