General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)- Scopus Indexed, 2019

Protection of personal data in recent decades became more crucial affecting by emergence of the new technologies especially computer, internet, information and communications technology. However, Europeans felt this necessity at time and provided for up-to-date and supportive laws. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the latest legislation in EU to protect personal data of individuals based on the recent technological advancements. However, its' domestic and international output still is debatable. This doctrinal legal study by using descriptive methods, aimed to evaluate the GDPR through analyzing and interpreting its' provisions by especial focus on its' innovations. The results show that the GDPR is much developed in comparison with previous personal data protection documents and will be a referred reference for the rest of the world in the near future.

The European Union has approved a new Regulation that lays down rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and rules relating to the free movement of personal data. This Regulation will apply to the processing of personal data in the context of the activities of an establishment of a controller or a processor in the Union, regardless of whether the processing takes place in the Union or not. It will also apply to the processing of personal data by a controller not established in the Union in certain circumstances. This article is a little abstract of part of the Regulation content.

On the 27th April 2016, the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) was adopted by the Member States of the EU with the plan of achieving harmonization and uniformity in the applicable data protection rules in Member States. This Regulation did introduce new provisions into the body of laws on data protection and this could be to some extent knotty owing to their relative novelty. This paper carries out an analysis of key provisions of the said Regulation with the aim of examining, as much as possible, the possible expectations under the said regulation.

The Italian Law Journal, 2019

The European approach to online privacy and personal data concerns in the contemporary digital age appears to have embraced a 'user-centric' approach, inspired by values of 'personalism' and human dignity, regardless of the growing commercial value commonly given to personal data. These two sides of the same coin have been taken into account by the GDPR. On the one hand, it seems to outline a system of protection of data subjects that presents certain similarities and connections with consumer protection directives, especially as regards the transparency principle and the aim to provide individuals with 'effective' protection, enforceable rights and awareness-raising activities. On the other hand, a radical shift in the data protection policies of big online companies and many other service providers is required by the implementation of the set of mandatory principles and obligations stated by chapter IV of the GDPR, while the notice-and-consent paradigm is now quite remote. In particular, data minimisation, confidentiality, integrity, data protection by design and by default, as well as accountability and scalability principles require a model of approaching the new challenges brought about by data protection that should be 'contextual' and 'tailor-made'. This means that the appropriate measures to be adopted by controllers and processors must consider the specific circumstances of each individual case, in accordance with a proportionality and reasonableness test on the extent of risks to the rights and freedoms at stake. The new legal framework provided by the GDPR and Convention 108+ has weakened the role of national laws on personal data protection but has also posed the challenge of providing a uniform legal frame, at the European Union level, as well as of strengthening the harmonisation process among countries that are currently taking different approaches to data protection at a global level.

Procedia Computer Science, 2020

The modern era is marked with users' comprehensive manners in interaction and data mining. This phenomenon is an extraordinary aspect of modern digital age. The digital path of a user associated with surfing the webpages on internet is unconditionally interconnected with a small dialogue box asking about permission to use cookies from the website. Afterwards, the relevant user's web-findings of items or information that had been browsed before is recommended automatically from the searching engine again. It is clearly acknowledged that after the announcement of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which was enforced in 2018, the worldwide impact has been evolving on the awareness and specification of the data protection. Therefore, data protection at the present era focusing on the area of fintech services is the research object. The objective of this study is to classify categories and definitions of users' sensitive data. Moreover, it analyses methods of defining sensitive data of the user and their realized activities especially as on-line transactions such as Zhifubao-the biggest "third-party electronic payment service platform". In the meantime, we evaluate the GDPR, compare to the Data Protection Act (DPA), and discuss whether and to what extent it marked a milestone progress above the current legislation of processing data standards, or whether some obstacles have occurred in law implementation process.

The article focuses on the social aspects of the GDPR implementation. Paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2018, after the introduction of legislative changes. The study was exploratory and its aim was to find out how administrative employees evaluated and feels about GDPR. The survey was conducted as an online survey questionnaire. The article presents the results of the study, initial conclusions after its implementation, and a proposal for further research.

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH

The era of globalization and digitalization have become a necessary process for the legal and legal regulation of human rights. This is taken into account by the fact that technological-technological advances have increased fears of human rights violations. This is especially noteworthy in communication tools, the internet and so on. With the intent, protection of personal data and privacy In the international sphere, the EU has made the coding of the protection of personal data through Directive no. 95/96 EC, which entered into force on 24 October 1995, then the ECHR, the European Commission proposal, January 2012, on the reform of the European Data Protection Regulations, which was formulated in the Regulation which came into force on 24 May, 2016 and the General Directive, which entered into force on May 5, 2016. However, according to surveys made with EU citizens, credibility for the protection of personal data from EU institutions and those of member states is below the minimum...

European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies

Rule of law, human rights, freedoms, and security; are the three main pillars to the new trend of global developments, especially in the development of democratic values, where the protection of individual freedoms is among the fundamental principles that have data protection as the center point. In the years 2015-2016 we have seen the major cases of confrontation regarding the wiretapping to that point as the intervention even in the system of the "US election campaign by the Russian hackers", then sending of Macedonia to the "early elections, due to the extraction and publication of wiretaps by Zaev", the review of the "Safe Harbor" Agreement, of the EU and the US regarding the transfer of personal data during free "transatlantic" trade among EU and USA, etc. In this time of globalization, and developments of major movements is been said: "no home", "no time", "no limit", by digitized devices and social networks...

As far as the technology has become more user friendly, individuals exchange more data between themselves using technological tools. The communication between individuals has become faster and more intense. In parallel to these developments, the norms and values of the societies, thus of the individuals have changed and the meaning of data privacy has being re-interpreted in today’s world. Each development in the technology fuels another one. In parallel to that, individuals’ interactions have gained new formats based on the new technologies. On the other hand, political concerns, like more need to defend public security should also be mentioned. While encouraging the developments of the new technologies, the States consider to maintain their citizens’ security and rights to their personal data protection. How far the European Union, with its legislation for data protection, is reaching to this target? This study will give some highlights for answering this question.