Phytosanitary Monitoring of Vineyards of Uzbekistan

Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2014

The concern about filamentous fungi in the vineyards has traditionally been linked to spoilage of grapes due to fungal growth. The aims of this study were to monitor the mycobiota in Central Slovak wine region. The Central Slovak wine region is divided into seven different subregions. In this work we had ten grape samples from seven various wine growing subregions and eight different villages. Five of these samples were from white grape berries and five were from red grape berries. The sample nr. 7 was without chemical protection (interspecific variety) and three samples (nr. 8, 9, 10) were from bio-production. In the samples were determined exogenous contamination (direct platting method) and endogenous contamination (surface-disinfected grapes). The exogenous mycobiota was determined by the method that each sample of 50 grape berries without visible damage was direct plated on to a DRBC agar medium. In exogenous contamination was detected 17 different genera Alternaria, Arthrinium...

Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 2019

The economic impact of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) is increasing worldwide, due to the lack of efficient and simple control protocols for these disease complexes. Possible and efficient GTD management strategies must consider the complexity of host physiological alterations affecting metabolism and defense responses determined by GTD pathogens, and linked to disease expression. In this complexity, the use of biocontrol agents could give advantages in GTD control methods. The effect of the potential biocontrol agent (BCA) Fusarium proliferatum was evaluated using in vitro tests and in dual inoculation with the Botryosphaeria dieback agent Neofusicoc-cum parvum in planta. Artificial inoculations were performed in greenhouse and vineyard experiments at three key vine growth stages, the onset of G (separated clusters), I (flowering) or M (veraison) stages. The biocontrol potential was assessed using pathogenicity tests and transcriptomic analyses. Results showed that the F. prolifer...

Arhiv Za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju, 2012

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) have a variety of symptoms and causes. The latter include fungal species from the family Diaporthaceae. The aim of our study was to determine Diaporthaceae species present in the woody parts of grapevines sampled from 12 vine-growing coastal and continental areas of Croatia. The fungi were isolated from diseased wood, and cultures analysed for phenotype (morphology and pathogenicity) and DNA sequence (ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2). Most isolates were identifi ed as Phomopsis viticola, followed by Diaporthe neotheicola and Diaporthe eres. This is the fi rst report of Diaporthe eres as a pathogen on grapevine in the world, while for Diaporthe neotheicola this is the fi rst report in Croatia. Pathogenicity trials confi rmed Phomopsis viticola as a strong and Diaporthe neotheicola as a weak pathogen. Diaporthe eres turned out to be a moderate pathogen, which implies that the species could have a more important role in the aetiology of GTD.

International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi detected in food, such are grapes. OTA was evaluated in ten handle musts from different Tunisian vineyard. This mycotoxin was found at levels 1.1 μg/L to 4.3 μg/L. A survey was conducted to assess the contamination of the Tunisian vineyard with pathogenic fungal species, in particular those responsible of the OTA production. The results were evaluated for the first time in parcels cultivated in the North, in the Centre and in the South of the country. Italia Muscate and Superior Seedless varieties were concerned at three developmental stages of the berry, setting, veraison and maturity. Carigon variety was used as positive control for musts contaminating by OTA. The main fungal species isolated were Aspergillus spp. (33.32%), Botrytis cinerea (23.32%), Alternaria spp. (12.80%), Cladosporium spp. (10.59%) and Penicillium spp. (8.3%). The isolates of the Aspergillus genus were identified as Aspergillus niger aggregate (77%), Aspergillus carbonarius (15%) and Aspergillus flavus (8%). Their presence was characterized by a significant decrease in the Centre during the veraison and a slight increase in the North and the South during the maturity stage. Furthermore, when comparing Superior Seedless and Italia Muscate cultivated in the same area, the aspergilli were particularly less abundant at the setting stage in the case of Superior Seedless. There is no correlation between the OTA amount in musts and the contamination by Aspergillus species in different vineyards and for grape varieties studied.

Mycotoxin Research, 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the production of secondary metabolites of Alternaria species isolated from grape berries and determined the occurrence of Alternaria mycotoxins in vitro and in dried berries. Direct morphological examination on different media was used for identification and HPLC/MS method for quantification of Alternaria mycotoxins. We isolated A. alternata and A. tenuissima and randomly selected strains in vitro and dried berries. In vitro we identified the production of Alternaria metabolites, included mycotoxins: alternariol, alternariol methylether, tenuazonic acid. Beside that one in dry berries were in measurable concentrations: macrosporin A, tentoxin and altenuete (I, II).

During 2004-2007 various own rooted vineyards were inspected to study the fungi associated with vine trunk diseases in Iran. Samples from declining vines showing yellowing and reduced growth and different symptoms in wood, including browning of the wood, necrosis, brown and black streaking and white rot were collected. Fungal isolations were made from affected tissues onto Malt Extract Agar (MEA) supplemented with 1 g l -1 streptomycin sulphate (MEAS). Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the following species were identified: Phaeoacremonium (Pm.) aleophilum, Phaeomoniella (Pa.) chlamydospora and less frequently Pm. parasiticum, Pm. inflatipes, Pm. cinereum, Cylindrocarpon liriodendri, Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum.

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2001

Benomyl-resistant (BR) and wild-type (WT) strains of Fusarium lateritium were examined for their tolerance to benomyl on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing benomyl and control of the Eutypa lata in grapevine bioassays.

Journal of Plant physiology & pathology, 2014

The purpose of the study was to determine which fungal species were associated with a decline in greenhouse grown grapevine ("Fujiminori"). Two species of fungi, characterized as soil-borne plant pathogens were isolated from roots. The fungi were identified by DNA sequencing methods and by their morphology. The fungi were identified as Cylindrocarpon destructans (FJMB2) and Fusarium Oxysporum (FJBM3) according to the DNA sequences and similarities after BLAST search. The morphological features which include the spore shape, size (length, width) and hyphal characteristics (presence of septum, width and length between septa, and hyphal branching) confirmed the rDNA based identification. In a greenhouse assay using "Fujiminori" grafted on to rootstock (5BB diploid), the root infection and the visual diagnosis of external symptoms of disease were evaluated. Visually, both fungi were able to infect the roots, as indicated by leaf yellowing followed by wilt and drop. After staining, the hyphae of both fungi could be observed in roots, whose characteristics indicated a pathogen infection, due to the presence of a septum and their width. From the isolation to the infection this research could reach the Koch's postulates, and was also able to demonstrate the occurrence of C. destructans (FJMB2) in grapevine roots cultivated in greenhouse conditions.

IntechOpen eBooks, 2023

In Uzbekistan, plant diseases caused by Fusarium species are common. Some of them are the dominant pathogens of certain crops, causing economically important diseases such as wilts of cotton, melon, tomato and chickpea, root/crown rot of wheat, damping-off, root, crown or foot rot of pepper plants, vegetables and other crops. Reportedly, 26 Fusarium species cause root rot on wheat in Uzbekistan. An annotated list of 22 valid taxa is presented. As well, 26 Fusarium species or forms are reported on cotton. Of many Fusaria found on other crops, only a few credible reports have been analyzed. The composition of Fusarium species infecting crops still needs to be studied since their identification was based on morphology. Molecular identification started to be used recently, and so far, the results of some previous morphological identifications were confirmed, races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and several Fusarium species causing root rot of wheat, bell pepper and hot pepper, chickpea, cowpea and soybean were identified. Undoubtedly, studies of Fusarium species, based on classical morphological methods and DNA analysis of informative genes, will be used more widely in the coming years, ensuring a reliable identification of species of this complex genus in Uzbekistan.

2009

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