PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BASIC AUTOMATIC REPEAT REQUEST PROTOCOLS

This papers presents an overall look at the ARQ (automatic repeat request) protocol of a network system the different protocol’s we have and the recent ones used for different network system

Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal

Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) protocols are used to control transmission errors in data communications. They are used at Data Link Control (DLC) sublayer of Data Link Layer (DLL) of OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) network model to achieve flow and error control and provide smooth and reliable transmission between network nodes. ARQ protocols use acknowledgments and timeouts to satisfy reliable data transmission over noisy channels. Types of ARQ protocols include Stop-and-wait ARQ, Go-Back-N ARQ, and Selective Repeat ARQ. This paper presents a new mathematical model to analyze performance of Go-Back-N ARQ protocol over noisy channels. Many performance measures of Go-Back-N ARQ protocols are discussed. The analysis uses Stochastic Process and a two-dimensional Markov Chain to present the proposed model. We study the distributions of system occupancy and waiting time when implementing Go-Back-N ARQ protocol in data transmission. Results include: Probability Generating Functions (PGF) of system occupancy and waiting time. Moreover, mean values of previous system parameters are derived. ARQ protocols are essential for peer-to-peer protocols that provide reliable data transmission. The obtained results can be adopted and implemented in simulations of similar communication systems or approximating relevant systems.

IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2021

Automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes, and in particular hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes, which jointly adopt forward error correction (FEC) and ARQ, are essential to provide reliable data transmission in wireless communications systems. However, the feedback from the receiver to the transmitter and the retransmission process used in ARQ incurs significant cost in terms of power efficiency, throughput, computational power and delay. Unfortunately, such drawbacks can limit their applications to several current and emerging technologies. More specifically, the increasing number of wireless users has create spectrum scarcity, relying on small-size batteries create power constraints, deployment of real-time applications boost the demand for ultralow delay networks, and the ultra-small low-cost internet of things (IoT) devices has limited signal processing and computation capabilities. Consequently, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to overcome the limitations inherent in HARQ. This survey paper provides an extensive literature review of the stateof-the-art HARQ techniques and discusses their integration in various wireless technologies. Moreover, it provides insights on advantages and disadvantages of particular ARQ types and discusses open problems and future directions.

Journal of Networks, 2010

In selective repeat automatic repeat request (SR-ARQ) used by a transmitter-receiver pair, data packets correctly received by the receiver need to be delivered to its upper-layer protocol in the same order as they arrived at the transmitter from its upper-layer protocol. In this paper, we propose a novel discrete-time priority queueing network to model SR-ARQ, and study the performance of the resequencing buffer in terms of the mean packet resequencing delay when packets arrive to the network according to a Bernoulli process. Based on the stationary probability distribution of an embedded Markov chain, we derive an explicit expression for the mean packet resequencing delay. Numerical and simulation results of the mean resequencing delay are presented and some performance trends are discussed. This paper presents an analytic framework for accurately computing the mean packet resequencing delay caused by packet retransmission in data communication networks. The proposed discretetime priority queueing network model is expected to be used for performance analysis of ARQ protocols with a more general packet arrival process.

arXiv (Cornell University), 2020

End-to-end communication over the network layer (or data link in overlay networks) is one of the most important communication tasks in every communication network, including legacy communication networks as well as mobile ad hoc networks, peer-to-peer networks, and mesh networks. Reliable end-to-end communications are based on Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) algorithms for dealing with packet failures, such as packet drops. We study ARQ algorithms that exchange packets to deliver (high level) messages in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order without omissions or duplications. We present a self-stabilizing ARQ algorithm that can be applied to networks of bounded capacity that are prone to packet loss, duplication, and reordering. Our analysis considers Lamport's happened-before relation when demonstrating stabilization without assuming the presence of a fair scheduler. It shows that the length of the longest chain of Lamport's happened-before relation is 8 for any system run.

2015 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), 2015

In this paper, we focus on efficient method for improving the reliability of data retransmission in real operational wireless communications. We analyze the effects of ACK (Acknowledge) and FEC (Forward Error Correction) on practical transmission performance of different message sizes. We propose a novel idea which allows quantifying and qualifying the reliability improvement in the network remote performance by exploiting Payload bitrate and forwarding time versus average message size with/without ACK/FEC respectively.

Research and Development (SCOReD), …, 2010

This paper, we present a simulation result on retransmission rates of an HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) and pure ARQ schemes at different channel Signal-to Noise ratio (SNR). We showed that retransmission is improved by as much as 2dB when HARQ was used. It was also shown that HARQ retransmission scheme perform well at lower SNR. The result of this investigation will helps us in the design of an augmented Hybrid Type-II ARQ retransmission scheme.

We develop a coordinated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) approach. With the proposed scheme, if a user message is correctly decoded in the first HARQ rounds, its spectrum is allocated to other users, to improve the network outage probability and the users' fairness. The results, which are obtained for singleand multiple-antenna setups, demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in different conditions. For instance, with a maximum of M retransmissions and single transmit/receive antennas, the diversity gain of a user increases from M to (J + 1)(M − 1) + 1 where J is the number of users helping that user.

We develop a coordinated hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) approach. With the proposed scheme, if a user message is correctly decoded in the first HARQ rounds, its spectrum is allocated to other users, to improve the network outage probability and the users' fairness. The results, which are obtained for singleand multiple-antenna setups, demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in different conditions. For instance, with a maximum of M retransmissions and single transmit/receive antennas, the diversity gain of a user increases from M to (J + 1)(M − 1) + 1 where J is the number of users helping that user.

International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2009

Modified Packet Combining (MPC) scheme is an error correction scheme, which can correct double or, higher bit errors. In some earlier work, a scheme known as Packet Reversed Packet Combining (PRPC) scheme that will correct error if occurs at same bit location of erroneous copies, was studied. Both PRPC and MPC scheme are believed to offer higher throughput and better error correction capability at high bit error rate (BER) and large packet size only. Exact analysis was performed to substantiate this claim of higher throughput and better error correction capability in high as well as in low bit error rate (BER) for large and medium packet size. To combat high bit error rate some researches proposed to use Error Correction Code (ECC) in place of Error Detection Code (EDC) in ARQ scheme. But no conclusive result is found to justify the idea in terms of throughput. The current investigation is an attempt to explore the basic gap. In this paper, we investigate the exact analysis of both PRPC and MPC in a Modified way over Conventional PRPC, and report the findings thereof. We propose a combined protocol of Modified PRPC and MPC, and find that it will offer higher throughput and better error correction capability at high and low BER with medium and large packet size as we have used MPC (Modified Packet Combining) scheme with PRPC (Packet Reverse Packet Combining) scheme in a Modified way by combining BEC (Backward Error Correction) with FEC (Forward Error Correction) Codes for Mobile Communication and Networks.