Microsphere in Novel Drug Delivery System -A Descriptive Review

Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature and ideally having a particle size less than 200 µm. A well designed controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. One such approach is using microspheres as carriers for drugs. It is the reliable means to deliver the drug to the target site with specificity, if modified, and to maintain the desired concentration at the site of interest without untoward effects. Microspheres received much attention not only for prolonged release, but also for targeting of anticancer drugs to the tumour. In future by combining various other strategies, microspheres will find the central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene & genetic materials, safe, targeted and effective in vivo delivery and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organ and tissues in the body.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2023

The microspheres are also called as micro-particles. Microspheres are characteristically spherical & free flowing powders having particle size ranging from 1-1000μm consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers. Microsphere can be manufactured by various type of material such as glass, polymers, and ceramic microspheres Microspheres are used in drug delivery systems to overcome some of the problems of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug they are designed. These delivery systems offer numerous advantages compared to conventional dosage forms, which include improved efficacy, reduced toxicity, improved patient compliance and convenience. At the target tissue the drug should deliver in an optimal amount in the right period of time with the minimum side effect & maximum therapeutic effect, to get the desired effect. The microspheres received much attention not only for the prolonged release or controlled drug delivery to improve bioavailability, stability and action at the specific site to predetermined rate but also for targeting of the anticancer drugs to the tumour. Microspheres are various types like Bioadhesive microspheres, Magnetic microspheres, Floating microspheres, radioactive microspheres, Polymeric microspheres, Biodegradable polymeric microspheres, Synthetic polymeric microspheres. The microsphere are spherical microparticles & are used where predictable & consistent particle surface area is important. The microspheres has the drug located centrally within the particle where it is encased within the unique polymeric membrane. This review focuses on types, materials used, drawbacks, advantage & disadvantage.

Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences

Microspheres, free-flowing solid powders are generally made up of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Oral, parental, nasal, Ocular, transdermal, colonel, and other routes can be used to administer microspheres with particle sizes ranging from 0.1 to 200 micrometer. Microspheres play a totally vital position as particulate drug transport machine due to their small length and different green properties. Microspheres had been proved to be a appropriate bridge to scale the gap over to formulate an powerful dosage form, to simulate managed drug release. Numerous recent advancements in microspheres, such as mucoadhesive, hollow, magnetic and floating have contributed to overcoming the various challenges connected with their usage such as site specific targeting and enhanced release kinetics. Microspheres will play a key role in novel drug delivery in the future, thanks to a combination of new methodologies, particularly in sick cell sorting, genetic materials, and safe, targeted, and effective drug delivery. Oral modified release microspheres have always proven to be a more effective treatment option than single-unit dosage forms that are released immediately. Multi-particulates are commonly formed into microspheres and filled into hard gelatin capsules as the final dose form. Microspheres have attracted a lot of interest, not just for their long term. It can be used now not excellent for release but moreover for drug targeting. Microspheres will play an increasingly more crucial characteristic in future drug delivery, especially in ailment treatment, diagnosis, genetic material, and targeted effective drug delivery.

Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers which are biodegradable in nature and ideally having a particle size less than 200 µm. A well designed controlled drug delivery system can overcome some of the problems of conventional therapy and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion.

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research, 2019

The recent evolution in new drug delivery systems plays a important role in pharmaceutical industries. There are various controlled release products, Microsphere is one among all due to the sustained release and controlled release properties.Microsphere are small spherical shape characteristically free flowing powders, with diameters typically ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm (1 mm). Microspheres can be produced using several natural and synthetic polymeric materials. Depending on the method, solid or porous microspheres can be obtained for specific intended applications. The variety of methods for the production of microspheres offers numerous opportunities to control the aspects of administration of the API. It provides the prolonged therapeutic action and reduce the dosing frequency, which improve the patient compliance. To get the desired effect the drug should deliver at the target tissue in an ideal amount in the right period of time with maximum therapeutic effect and minimum side effect. Now a day's microspheres have been used to deliver drugs, vaccines etc. The article is mainly focus on the various aspect of microspheres drug delivery system along with their method of preparation, technique to evaluate its efficiency and pharmaceutical application of microspheres.

Microspheres are small spherical particles that consisting of proteins, synthetic or natural polymers having particle size less than 200μm. Synthetic polymers are biodegradable in nature. A microsphere is a homogeneous structure made of a continuous phase of one or more miscible polymers in which particulate drug is dispersed throughout matrix at either macroscopic or molecular level. These drug delivery provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the target site in the body in sustained and controlled release system which improve the bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and reduce the adverse effect of drug. Microspheres used to delivered the drug to the target site with specificity, particularly in safe, targated and effective In-Vivo delivery, gene and genetic materials, diagnostics, diseased cell sorting.

One of the specialties of microspheres is that they are controlled systems of drug delivery designed for sustained release, to reduce the ordinary dose frequency and easy patient compliance. Controlled drug delivery of microspheres to enhance bioavailability, stability, efficiency, and to reduce the toxicity of drug into the body. The preparation is done for targeted local site delivery with a predetermined rate. Microspheres are a significant part of a novel drug delivery system and have solid spherical particles showing free-flowing properties and the particle size range 1-1000μm. Microspheres are matrix-type systems in which the drug is entrapped, dissolve, suspended. Generally solid or liquid drug entrap, dissolve in a matrix system prepared by several types of microspheres such as Bioadhesive microspheres, Magnetic microspheres, floating microspheres, polymeric microspheres, radioactive microspheres. And the following techniques are used in the preparation of various types of microspheres such as spray drying technique, single emulsion technique, Double emulsion technique, solvent evaporation, phase separation coacervation technique. The review of microspheres follows the introduction, characteristics, Advantages, limitations, types of microspheres, method of preparation, evaluation, and application of microspheres.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2021

Over the past three decades, controlled drug delivery systems have become more developed and play a key role in pharmaceuticals formulations. There are many shortcomings in Traditional or Conventional drug delivery systems like for maintaining desired therapeutic drug plasma concentration there is a need for frequent dosing for particular drugs having shorter half-lives. Furthermore, because of frequent dosing requirement, there is poor patient compliance which causes fluctuation in plasma concentration of the drug. The limitations of conventional drug delivery can be overcome by the development of novel drug delivery systems, of which the controlled drug delivery can maintain constant drug plasma concentration by slowly releasing the drug over an extended period. Developing controlled drug delivery systems can also improve the systemic bioavailability of the drug, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and better patient compliance. There are many different approaches for such controlled delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, phytosomes, microemulsion, and microspheres. Among all the approaches microspheres are more convenient as the drug is slowly released from the polymeric matrix and the polymers used are mostly biodegradable and possess no side effects. Therefore, microspheres can be used in various medicinal departments such as oncology, gynecology, radiology, pulmonary, cardiology, diabetes, and vaccine therapy. This review article focuses on recent different types of microspheres along with their methods of preparation. The microspheres formulated can be later evaluated and characterized by different procedures.

2015

Microspheres have been used widely as these cover targeting the drug to particular site to imaging and helping the diagnostic features. Microencapsulation is used to modify and delayed drug release form pharmaceutical dosage forms. Microspheres efficiently utilized in controlled delivery of many drugs but wastage of drug due to low drug entrapment efficiency is the major drawback of such microparticulate system. The optimized microspheres can overcome such problems by enhancing the loading efficiency of a particular drug and minimizing the wastage of drug. It is to increase the drug loading efficiency, if optimize the formulation as well as process variables. This is necessary by understanding the effect of various variables which affect the drug entrapment efficiency of these microspheres. The present gives idea about various types of microspheres, methods to preparation, applications and various parameters for microspheres.