The process of detecting terrorist crimes

Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 2002

This article analyzes the role of intelligence in the intricate fight against international terrorism at the beginning of the 21st century. First, it considers the main trends of terrorism in the decade of the 1990s, what were the changes in the mode of action by the various organizations and how the intelligence services dealt with these challenges. Then it evaluates the threats lying ahead in the future years and the technological and socio-economical developments influencing them, including the threat of terrorist use of weapons of mass destruction. Finally, it analyzes the implications of the September 11 attacks from the operational and intelligence point of view. The work of intelligence against terrorism in the 21st century will be an arduous task, which will require a close look at new social and technological developments, an objective analysis of the new trends and threats, as well as much vision. Intelligence is essential in countering terrorism, in diminishing its tactical effects and strategic importance. The US Congress Report of the National Commission on Terrorism stressed that "good intelligence is the best weapon against international terrorism." But without a comprehensive, intelligent and firm policy of all the governments and political leaders involved, terrorism will continue to present a real threat to future generations.

2005

This paper discussed that, for successful implementation of the strategies in investigating terrorism, besides requiring professional skilled investigators, there are some additional requirements that need to be fulfilled. Effective and long term prevention of terrorism should be directed towards producing good social welfare and to minimize every condition that may be conducive to the emergence of terrorism, such as discrimination and marginalization.

Difficulties in devising an international definition for terrorism impede the ability of the international community in developing coherent counter-terrorism policies that legitimately impact terrorist operations. The policy dilemma is compounded by the fact that definitions and categories of non-state terrorists largely exclude transnational criminal organizations. These groups have become a major source of financial and resource support for terrorist groups since the conclusion of the Cold War and subsequent decline in state-sponsorship of terrorism. Policy and operational emphasis needs to expand in order to make a greater impact on the factors that facilitate terrorist operations and stop the cycle of reaction through security, protectionist and retaliatory measures.

Keywords: European Union; international police cooperation; law enforcement and police data information/intelligence exchange; criminal intelligence; intelligence led policing.

FORENSIC EXAMINER, 2009

Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Studies, 2011

… for Security and Intelligence Studies, Montreal …, 2005

Contemporary terrorism is a complex phenomenon involving a range of non-state actors linked in networked organizations. These organizations, exemplified by the global jihadi movement known as al-Qaeda, are complex non-state actors operating as transnational networks within a galaxy of like-minded networks. These entities pose security threats to nation states and the collective global security. Traditional security and intelligence approaches separated criminal and national security intelligence, as well as domestic and international security concerns. Modern terrorism exploits these seams to operate on a global scale. The Terrorism Early Warning Group (TEW) concept emerged in Los Angeles in 1996 as a way to bridge the gaps in traditional intelligence and security structures. The TEW has adapted the military concept of Intelligence Preparation of the battlefield into a dynamic Intelligence Preparation for Operations (IPO) process, and has defined a framework known as the Transaction Analysis Cycle to anticipate threats and develop intelligence collection strategies. This paper discusses the LA TEW model and its practices.

2013

The author of The TerroristCriminal Nexus, Jennifer L. Hesterman, has a solid professional career as a retired U.S. Air Force Colonel with multiple unit commands, including leadership of an Air Force Base EOC (Emergency Operations Center) during 911, and subsequent employment with both a global intelligence firm and as the director of national and homeland security programs at American Military University, a distance education institution. Additionally, she holds two master's degrees from

2015

Águas Cabrita, hereby certify that this dissertation, with 116,596 characters (including notes and spaces), it is the record of work carried out by me and all the literature used it is properly referenced according to the article 20-A of the 2. º Cycle of Studies of the Law Faculty of the Nova University of Lisbon. Date: ____________ Signature of candidate: ______________________ Declaração Antiplágio Eu, Vânia Cristina Águas Cabrita, declaro que o texto apresentado nesta dissertação, com um total de 116,596 caracteres (incluído espaços e notas), é da minha exclusiva autoria e que toda a utilização de contribuições ou textos alheios estão devidamente referenciados segundo o art.20-A do Regulamento do 2.º Ciclo da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Data: ___________ Assinatura do candidato: ______________________ II "One looks back with appreciation to the brilliant teachers but with gratitude to those who touched our human feelings. The curriculum is so much necessary raw material but warmth is the vital element for the growing plant and for the soul of the child." Carl Jung III Acknowledgements The writing process of a dissertation is a required evaluation element to obtain a Master's degree in Law and Security of the prestigious University Nova of Lisbon. I would like to express my gratitude to my mentor, Professor Heitor Barras Romana (ISCSP-University of Lisbon) for the valuable comments, remarks and guidance, to Professor Jorge Bacelar Gouveia (Faculty of Law-University Nova of Lisbon), to University of Évora, where I've started my path as a student of International Relations and furthermore to my Professors and colleagues. The Diplomatic Institute (Ministry of Foreign Affairs-Portugal) for providing a valuable internship plus a special thanks to everyone at the MENA Department, were I have gained high valuable skills and esteemed friends. The last but not the least, I am grateful to my dear family and my lovely friends. Thank you for being there for me, particularly for the support through the highs and lows of this process of researching, writing and editing. To the charming cities of Lisbon and Edinburgh, thank you for the inspiration.