A review of solar power inverters for household appliances

The project we have undertaken is “Solar Inverter”. A solar inverter, or PV inverter, converts the direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-line electrical network. A solar inverter, or PV inverter, converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical component in a photovoltaic system, allowing the use of ordinary commercial appliances. Solar inverters have special functions adapted for use with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking and anti-islanding protection.

This paper focuses on the design and implementation of 1.5kVA 12V DC, 230V AC Solar-powered mobile inverter. The basic principle of operation is the conversion of 12V DC from a 200Ah Deep cycle battery using integrated circuits SG3524 and semiconductors at a frequency of 50Hz, into a 230V AC across the windings of a transformer. The battery was charged using solar panels via a charge controller. It incorporated a monitoring and supervisory circuit of microcontroller based (ATMEGA16) that employs a Liquid crystal display (LCD) and light emitting diodes to communicate the state of the inverter to the user. The results show that as soon as the load goes above1500VA and the battery voltage goes below the preset threshold 12V DC the overload protecting circuitry attached to the system automatically shut down the system to prevent the inverter from being overloaded, a smaller transformer was used to energize and control the operation of the relays, which switched from the inverting mode to charging mode with battery monitor cut-off voltage 13.6V with its surge protection voltage above 250V. The system was successfully installed, tested and confirmed to deliver the required output. It also offers a better alternative to Public Power Supply from the utility companies such as the (Power Holding Company of Nigeria PHCN) as the case may be, generators as well as UPS considering its cost-effectiveness, noiselessness and ease of maintenance.

2016

The epileptic nature of power generation via hydro and thermal sources in Nigeria has given rise to source alternate forms of power generation. The power supply situation is so erratic that some communities are cut off for days, weeks, or months in a bid to ration the low supply from the nation’s grid. This gap, period of no supply or cut off from the grid, is what this paper will solve by way of designing and constructing an alternate source using solar power for household use. The design and construction of the unit, a solar powered 2.5KVA inverter was achieved by using a 21/400 turns wound transformer, an SG3524N PMW fixed frequency voltage regulator controller, MOSFET transistors,five80W/18Asolar panel, three200AH deep cycle battery, and a charge controller to monitor the output of the battery for safety. The battery is connected to the inverter circuit to generate 220V alternating current in its output via a step-up transformer. The inverter uses the SG 3524N IC chip fixed freq...

ACTA TECHNICA CORVINIENSIS – Bulletin of Engineering [e-ISSN: 2067-3809], 2020

In this article solar power systems architecture along with the brief overview of the DC to AC inverters and their utilization as a power electronics device in solar photovoltaic systems is provided. The study provides details regarding the types of the inverters, single phase half bridge inverters, single phase full phase inverters and three phase inverters. As pulse width modulation (PWM) is widely used in inverters which works as a solar charge controllers so the principles of PWM along with carrier based and carrier less modulation techniques is also mentioned. A comprehensive simulation and implementation of a three phase PWM inverter in Simulink Matlab is also provided.

The change in the design of photovoltaic (pv) inverter is creating new challenges in the design of low and medium voltage collector system for large solar power plant as the amount of equipment using the inverter increase the runtime will decreases our basic focus on the creating new circuit which is built by various component which help in the reduction of THD (Total harmonic distortion). This paper presents a higher functionality of inverter circuit. This paper also present the small description of solar power.

2015

Due to the erratic power supply in some parts of the World, it is imperative to source for an alternative to the municipal power supply; power generators are uneconomical and generate undesirable noise when in operation. Thus, a power inverter was designed and constructed as an operational unit to serve as an automatic supply unit in case of interruption in the main supply of power and hence reduce power failure for rural and commercial usage. The main objective of this study was to construct and evaluate the performance an electrical power inverter. It was constructed according to the rules and regulation of International Electronic Engineering Standard. Materials used for construction and evaluation of the inverter were carefully sorted and selected locally considering strength, availability, durability and cost. The main component parts include transformer, relay, capacitor, socket, alternator, multi-vibrator, resistor, integrated circuit and transistor. The efficiency was obtained by varying the load on the inverter and measuring the respective power output. The inverter has the highest efficiency of 97.40% at a load of 75W and lowest efficiency of 71.70% at a load of 600W. It was also observed that there is a decrease in the output of the machine when there is a high increase in the load. The inverter can be used for commercial purposes due to its availability in terms of material for construction, strength, its efficiency, conversion of direct current to alternating current and it can also be adopted for use in agricultural establishments.

This project is about the design and construction of 2KW 230 volts solar panel inverter at a frequency of 50Hz. The device is constructed with locally sourced components and materials of regulated standard. The basic principle of its operation is a simple conversion of 12V DC from a battery using integrated circuits and semiconductors at a frequency of 50Hz, into a 230V AC across the windings of a transformer. A solar panel is used to charge the battery using a solar charge controller. This project (device) offers a better alternative to Public Power Supply, Generators as well as UPS considering it is cost effective, noiseless and easy maintainability.

Renewable energy system uses batteries to store energy for later use. This is the least expensive and most universal applicable storage method available. Battery stores energy as low voltage DC. DC is preferable for some applications, particularly running motors. But most of the world operates at higher voltage AC. AC power is more efficient than DC and thus become world standard. AC cannot be stored since it is used as it is produced. It is convenient if renewable energy system contains a device to produce conventional AC house current. This device is called an inverter. The world of solid-state equipments has advanced by extra ordinary bounds. Modern inverters are extremely reliable; the models available today have failure rates well under 1%. Efficiency averages about 90% for most inverter with peaks at 95% to 98%. In short, inverter makes life simpler and a better job of running households such as appliances and lights is done.

IRJET, 2022

The paper presents the plan of a compact sunlight based power smaller than normal inverter. The goal of the work is to plan and assemble an original geography of a miniature inverter to straightforwardly change over DC power from a photovoltaic module to AC power. In this microinverter, a construction with two power stages, which are DC/DC and afterward DC/AC converters, is utilized. The inverter is planned competent for future combination of the in the middle between the DC/DC and DC/AC converters.

Jurnal Polimesin

In industry, an inverter is a tool/component for adjusting the speed of an electric motor. By using an inverter for electric motor purposes, it becomes a variable speed, whereas the speed can be changed or adjusted as needed. The method used in this study is an experimental research method, namely designing and measuring the system under study. Measurements are made for non-electrical quantities, namely the inverter of the solar module which is generated by the intensity of sunlight hitting the surface of the solar cell. Measurements are also made for electrical parameters such as current, voltage, power factor, and power. Based on the data obtained from all the tests that have been carried out, the system output voltage cannot reach the expected 220 Volts. Because changes in load affect the output voltage of the system were occurred, as the load of 60 W/220V is added, the output voltage drops to 740.5 Volts. As the load is reduced by 60W/220 V, the output voltage increases by 786.9...