STUDY OF CLIMATIC VARIABILITY AT AKOLA STATION

In recent times and across the globe, the concept of climate has gained much relevance because of its dynamic and complex nature and the significant influence it has on various aspects of the environment, including the increasing threat of global climate change. This study focuses on the assessment of climatic variation in Ibadan region based on the variations in rainfall and temperature within the period 1970-2012. Time Series Analysis was used to determine the trend of total rainfall and average minimum temperature within the period 1970-2012. The 5-Year Moving Average was used to smoothen the time series and to eliminate unwanted fluctuations. Linear Regression was used to estimate the value of variable Y (total rainfall or average minimum temperature), corresponding to a given value of variable X (time), while Correlation Analysis was used to determine the relationship between total rainfall and average minimum temperature within the study period. Furthermore, the study focused on the spatial variations of total rainfall and average minimum temperature in the study area. The result revealed that there is an upward trend in total rainfall within the period under study. And also there is an upward trend in average minimum temperature. Additionally, there is a positive relationship between total rainfall and average minimum temperature. Keywords: Climate variation, rainfall and temperature, Correlation, Linear Regression, 5-year moving average

Climate change is expected to alter rainfall and temperature regimes across the world, Nigeria inclusive. Climate projections indicate warming and changes in rainfall varied from one location to another. This study pre sents a de scripti ve analysi s of rainfall and temperature in Akure, Nigeria for a period of 32-year (1980 to 2011) using monthly record from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) and the Climatic Research Uni t (CRU). De scriptive and time series analyses were used to determine the rainfall and temperature regime of Akure. Climate diagram after Walter-Lieth was used, indicating significant difference between the rainy and dry season. The re sult showed that rainfall in the study site is characterized by alternating wet and dry periods with a tendency towards a wetter condition, which implies that rainy season length is becoming longer than dry season period. While temperature is increasing; causing a warmer environment, with consequence s on human health, amongst others. Thi s study provides a starting point and a useful guide on climate variability and change in Akure, Nigeria for further investigations, both at the local and national level with focus on more specific issues like public health, planning, adaptations and barriers.

Sokoto Journal of the Social Sciences, 2022

Throughout the history of the earth, climates at all level be it (global, regional, and local) have never been static. The non-static natures are in various magnitudes ranging from variability through fluctuations, trends, and abrupt to gradual changes. The aim of this research is to analyze the climatic data and identify trends, in order to re-validate if climate change exist in the Sudano-Sahel Agro Ecological Zone of Northern part of Jigawa State. Climatic data of Temperature. Rainfall and Wind speed for the period of 1981-2020 (39years), obtained from. KNARDA,JARDA and NASA. Monthly, annual and seasonal trends in average temperature, total precipitation, and average wind speed data calculated by Mann-Kendall, linear trend and Sen's trend tests was used to analyze the data. The results indicated mixed results via the null hypothesis which states "there is no trend in the series" of the climatic variables (rainfall, temperature, and wind). Rainfall series was reject except for Kirikasamma and Sule-Tankarkar LGAs. Because the computed p-value is greater than the significance level alpha=0.05. The Ho for temperature series was accepted only for Kaugama LGA. Because the computed p-value is greater than the significance level alpha=0.05. The Ho for wind speed was accepted in all the LGAs except Sule-Tankarkar, Kirikasamma and Maigatari LGAs.. Rainfall trend only exist in two LGAs out of the seven LGAs.Temperature trend exist in only one LGA The result suggest that only variations exist rather than change in climate of the area, as deduced from the trend synthesis of the climate data for 39 years (1981-2020).

Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2015

This study examined the extent of climate change in Kano through rainfall data analysis. Rainfall data for one hundred years of Aminu Kano International Airport synoptic meteorological station obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) was used in explaining the rainfall trend. Descriptions of monthly, annual and decadal rainfall averages were computed using Microsoft excel. The Normality of the data was tested using Shapiro-test for normality. Onsets, cessations and length of the rainy seasons were used to test variability of rainfall from time to time. The seasonality and standardize precipitation indices for ten year periods were performed. Trend lines and ten year moving averages were plotted. The findings revealed variability in both amount and length of raining season. The findings further revealed that drought and near drought conditions were experienced in the seventies and eighties. In the last two decades however there were improvements in moisture conditions. Trends of all the indices revealed an improvement in rainy condition except in the length of rainy season. The study concluded that even though changes were noticed in rainfall characteristics, it is difficult to ascertain climate change in the area on the basis of rainfall fluctuations. The research

Climate change is one of the greatest environmental problems facing the world today, because it has impacted on both human societies and ecosystem. Recent decades in Nigeria, the beginning or end of rainy season have become very unpredictable and there has also been a measureable increase in the atmospheric and surface air temperatures. No day passes by without commentaries on this topic either globally or regionally. There are two main causes of climate change namely, human causes of climate change and natural causes of climate change. Under human causes we have deforestation, burning of fossil fuel, rearing of livestock, hunting, etc. Under natural causes we have volcanic eruption, ocean currents, earth's orbital changes, solar variation, etc. Climate change is not environmental friendly and thus, has caused problems such as flooding, erosion, desertification, drought, etc. These environmental hazards have in one way or the other affected the social and economic life the world over, based on that it becomes necessary to carry out a study of the phenomenon. In this work, the effects of climate change to temperature and rainfall in Umudike, Ikwuano of Abia State of Nigeria was studied using meteorological data of rainfall and temperature obtained from the agro-meteorological unit of the National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) Umudike. The data for both temperature and rainfall spanned for twenty-five years. The trend of rainfall and temperature were obtained using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. Results show that Umudike had experienced a slight decrease in annual rainfall, while there is an increase in the annual temperature. INTRODUCTION There is a growing concern about the changing climate in the universe today because it has impacts in all ecosystems and human societies in different ways and in varying degrees, ranging from rise in sea level and surface temperature of the atmosphere, flooding, drought, famine etc. It has also affected the socioeconomic life of the globe. No day passes by without commentaries on this topic globally and otherwise. Climate change is the change in the composition of the atmosphere that is over and is above natural variations, attributed directly or indirectly to human activities. Furthermore, in recent usage, specifically from the view of environmental policy, climate change refers to the change in modern climate including global warming. Global warming refers to an overall increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere and oceans caused by emission of certain gases (Chukwu and Asiegbu, 2011). The implication here is that climate change is caused by man and the situation is reversible if he starts working towards restoring and conserving the environment. Climate change occurs as a result of certain human activities which are

Observed rainfall and temperature data for the period 1960–2007 were used to examine recent changes of extreme climate over Kano, located in the Sahelian region of Nigeria. The RClimDex software package was employed to generate nine important climate indices as defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI). For the entire period, the results show a warming trend, an increased number of cool nights, more warm days, and a strong increase in the number of warm spells. The rainfall indices show a slight increase in annual total rainfall, a decrease in the maximum number of consecutive wet days, and a significant increase in the number of extremely wet days. Such changes in climate may result in an increasing demand for domestic energy for cooling and a higher evaporation rate from water bodies and irrigated crop. These findings may give some guidance to politicians and planners in how to best cope with these extreme weather and climate events.

2014

The semi arid region of Nigeria is experiencing the impact of climate change. Daily rainfall records from 1976-2011 were used to examine the impact of climate change on the hydrological growing season at Kano. The onset, cessation and length of rainy season at Kano were determined. The estimated parameters were subjected to time series analysis. Trend lines and fitted linear trend line equations for each of the parameters were produced. The Mann-kendall tau (τ) statistic was used to investigate the significance of these trends. The results show that the rainy season has progressively been starting late as signified by the positive trend line equation of y = 0.183x+41054. Trend analysis showed that the rains ceases earlier in recent decades. This is corroborated by the negative linear trend line equation (y = -0.438x+41184). The results also indicated that the hydrological growing season is progressively shortening. The implication of late onset and early cessation is the decreasing ...

Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences, 2017

Global warming and changes in precipitation patterns are among the major effects of climate change. In this study, the long-term variability in ambient surface temperature and precipitation were evaluated in the north central region of Nigeria (Abuja, Kogi, Kwara, Niger, and Plateau) using meteorological observations obtained from 1975-2008. Daily precipitation data from synoptic weather stations were carefully quality-controlled using the RClimdex 1.1 developed by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices (ETCCDMI). The quality-controlled dataset were homogenized using RHtestsV4 and the detected change points were adjusted. Results showed a decrease in cool nights and cool days (TN10P, TX10P), and increasing trend in warm nights and days (TN90P, TX90P). The trend in rainfall is variable compared to changes in temperature. The precipitation indices indicated increasing trend in total annual precipitation (PRCPTOT), and a significant decrease in the number of consecutive wet days (CWD) in this region. In general, regional changes in climate temperature and precipitation extremes were significant (p<0.05) and could result in serious climate induced effects.

This study investigates rainfall and temperature variabilities in Nigeria using observations of air temperature (oC) and rainfall (mm) from 25 synoptic stations from 1971-2000 (30years). The data were analyzed for the occurrences of abrupt changes in temperature and rainfall values over Nigeria while temporal and spatial trends were also investigated. Statistical approach was deployed to determine the confidence levels, coefficients of kurtosis, skewness and coefficient of variations. Analysis of air temperature indicated that in the first decade of 1971-1980 anomalies between-0.2 and-1.6 were predominant, in the second decade of 1981-1990, only five stations (Lokoja, Kaduna, Bida, Bauchi and Warri) shows positive anomaly while greater portion of the country were normal with evidence of warming in the third decade of 1991-2000. Results further indicated that there have been statistically significant increases in precipitation and air temperature in vast majority of the country. Analyses of long time trends and decadal trends in the time series further suggest a sequence of alternately decreasing and increasing trends in mean annual precipitation and air temperature in Nigeria during the study period. Abstract-This study investigates rainfall and temperature variabilities in Nigeria using observations of air temperature (o C) and rainfall (mm) from 25 synoptic stations from 1971-2000 (30years). The data were analyzed for the occurrences of abrupt changes in temperature and rainfall values over Nigeria while temporal and spatial trends were also investigated. Statistical approach was deployed to determine the confidence levels, coefficients of kurtosis, skewness and coefficient of variations. Analysis of air temperature indicated that in the first decade of 1971-1980 anomalies between-0.2 and-1.6 were predominant, in the second decade of 1981-1990, only five stations (Lokoja, Kaduna, Bida, Bauchi and Warri) shows positive anomaly while greater portion of the country were normal with evidence of warming in the third decade of 1991-2000. Results further indicated that there have been statistically significant increases in precipitation and air temperature in vast majority of the country. Analyses of long time trends and decadal trends in the time series further suggest a sequence of alternately decreasing and increasing trends in mean annual precipitation and air temperature in Nigeria during the study period.

Gombe Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies, 2020

This study aims to evaluate the trends and characteristics of rainfall and temperature data records at Bauchi climatic station for 45 years (1970-2014). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics presented in tables and charts. The rainfall data series was separated into three sub-periods of 15 years each (1970-1984; 1985-1999 and 2000-2014). The results showed that the rainfall series increased sequentially from the first to the third sub-period. Positive trend line equations occurred in all the rainy trends except for the first rainy sub-period and onset rainy dates, which showed downward trends below the mean implying that the study area experienced early onset, and late cessation dates and longer days in LRS. Temperature data series were also analysed with maximum temperatures occurring in April while minimum temperatures occurred in December. The relationship between monthly rainfall and temperature for the station showed that average temperatures of 30-35°C led to increases in the mean monthly rainfall from 280-300 mm in July and August and at 15-20°C, there was little or no rainfall. The findings of this study, therefore, revealed that high temperature induces high rainfall. The study thus recommended the following: improving climatic data and continuous data monitoring, public enlightenment on the impacts of climate change, the use of air conditioners and energy-saving appliances in buildings during high temperatures, adoption of viable adaptive strategies by farmers and the establishment of meteorological research institutes in the study area for state and national development planning.