Manometry-Based Cough Identification Algorithm

Cough (London, England), 2006

Cough recordings have been undertaken for many years but the analysis of cough frequency and the temporal relation to trigger factors have proven problematic. Because cough is episodic, data collection over many hours is required, along with real-time aural analysis which is equally time-consuming. A method has been developed for the automatic recognition and counting of coughs in sound recordings. The Hull Automatic Cough Counter (HACC) is a program developed for the analysis of digital audio recordings. HACC uses digital signal processing (DSP) to calculate characteristic spectral coefficients of sound events, which are then classified into cough and non-cough events by the use of a probabilistic neural network (PNN). Parameters such as the total number of coughs and cough frequency as a function of time can be calculated from the results of the audio processing. Thirty three smoking subjects, 20 male and 13 female aged between 20 and 54 with a chronic troublesome cough were studi...

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology IJRASET, 2020

An independent cough checking device is a gadget that permits quantitative cough estimations in the patients. The gadget is being practiced by two objectives: comfort and security. Internet of Things(IoT) which is a network bared on physical system in which it can be exhibited in the form of typical embedded system including electronic devices. The assessment of its power and recurrence that furnishes clinical data of patient with chronic ceaseless cough. The recognition calculation pursues a methodology with accounts of cough sounds. The normal recognition rate was 82% at a normal caution pace of occasions when considering the vitality edge to every normal patient. This device utilizes sound chronicles from a smaller than normal receiver to distinguish the cough sound and it utilizes respiratory sensors to detect the in and out progression of respiratory system. Heart sensor is utilized to identify the pulse estimations during the procedure. The impact of nonstop cough might be hurtful to the patient by meddling with breathing, rest, muscle throb, sleep insomnia and fatigue. Over 90% of COPD patients happen in low and center pay nations. By breaking down the signal, we can recognize typical and irresistible cough and fast restorative consideration is given to the individuals experiencing respiratory issue. The outcome recommend that can be applied to the detection of cough sounds and could permit the dismissal of a portion of the inaccurately identified devices. With the help of these sensors the data has been collected and then it is uploaded in the cloud for further analysis.

Cough, 2010

Background: While cough is an important defence mechanism of the respiratory system, its chronic presence is bothersome and may indicate the presence of a serious disease. We hereby describe the validation process of a novel cough detection and counting technology (PulmoTrack-CC™, KarmelSonix, Haifa, Israel). Methods: Tracheal and chest wall sounds, ambient sounds and chest motion were digitally recorded, using the PulmoTrack ® hardware, from healthy volunteers coughing voluntarily while (a) laying supine, (b) sitting, (c) sitting with strong ambient noise, (d) walking, and (e) climbing stairs, a total of 25 minutes per subject. The cough monitoring algorithm was applied to the recorded data to detect and count coughs. The detection algorithm first searches for cough 'candidates' by identifying loud sounds with a cough pattern, followed by a secondary verification process based on detection of specific characteristics of cough. The recorded data were independently and blindly evaluated by trained experts who listened to the sounds and visually reviewed them on a sonogram display. The validation process was based on two methods: (i) Referring to an expert consensus as gold standard, and comparing each cough detected by the algorithm to the expert marking, we marked True and False, positive and negative detections.These values were used to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the cough monitoring system. (ii) Counting the number of coughs in longer segments (t = 60 sec, n = 300) and plotting the cough count vs. the corresponding experts' count whereby the linear regression equation, the regression coefficient (R 2) and the jointdistribution density Bland-Altman plots could be determined. Results: Data were recorded from 12 volunteers undergoing the complete protocol. The overall Specificity for cough events was 94% and the Sensitivity was 96%, with similar values found for all conditions, except for the stair climbing stage where the Specificity was 87% with Sensitivity of 97%. The regression equation between the PulmoTrack-CC™ cough event counts and the Experts' determination was with R 2 of 0.94. Discussion: This validation scheme provides an objective and quantitative assessment method of a cough counting algorithm in a range of realistic situations that simulate ambulatory monitoring of cough. The ability to detect voluntary coughs under acoustically challenging ambient conditions may represent a useful step towards a clinically applicable automatic cough detector.

Background: Unrecognised endotracheal tube misplacement in emergency intubations has a reported incidence of up to 17%. Current detection methods have many limitations restricting their reliability and availability in these circumstances. There is therefore a clinical need for a device that is small enough to be practical in emergency situations and that can detect oesophageal intubation within seconds. In a first reported evaluation, we demonstrated an algorithm based on pressure waveform analysis, able to determine tube location with high reliability in healthy patients. The aim of this study was to validate the specificity of the algorithm in patients with abnormal pulmonary compliance, and to demonstrate the reliability of a newly developed small device that incorporates the technology. Materials and methods: Intubated patients with mild to moderate lung injury, admitted to intensive care were included in the study. The device was connected to the endotracheal tube, and three test ventilations were performed in each patient. All diagnostic data were recorded on PC for subsequent specificity/sensitivity analysis. Results and discussion: A total of 105 ventilations in 35 patients with lung injury were analysed. With the threshold D-value of 0.1, the system showed a 100% sensitivity and specificity to diagnose tube location. Conclusion: The algorithm retained its specificity in patients with decreased pulmonary compliance. We also demonstrated the feasibility to integrate sensors and diagnostic hardware in a small, portable hand-held device for convenient use in emergency situations.

Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2014

Cough is a prevailing symptom in most lung diseases. While cough sounds themselves can be very instrumental in the diagnosis of certain diseases, their intensity and frequency also infers the intensity of the particular illness. There is an imperative need for a robust system for identifying and analyzing cough sounds. In implementing such systems, researchers are confronted with technical challenges such as the choice of sensors and methods of signal acquisition, the real time analysis of the acquired signals, and the accurate identification of cough events, distinguishing them from similar sounds such as speech, laughing, throat clearing and sneezing. Previous approaches have employed external environmental sensing methods to achieve more accurate detections at the expense of mobility, scalability and real-time cough sensing. Alternative approaches have proposed wearable cough sensing methods, which, while mobile, can often face challenges in terms of robustness and obtrusiveness. In this paper, we explore the strengths and shortcomings of the various techniques that have been proposed for automatic detection and analysis of cough sounds. We also suggest the next steps in furthering the state of the art.

European Respiratory …, 2008

Cough, 2010

Background While cough is an important defence mechanism of the respiratory system, its chronic presence is bothersome and may indicate the presence of a serious disease. We hereby describe the validation process of a novel cough detection and counting technology (PulmoTrack-CC™, KarmelSonix, Haifa, Israel). Methods Tracheal and chest wall sounds, ambient sounds and chest motion were digitally recorded, using the PulmoTrack® hardware, from healthy volunteers coughing voluntarily while (a) laying supine, (b) sitting, (c) sitting with strong ambient noise, (d) walking, and (e) climbing stairs, a total of 25 minutes per subject. The cough monitoring algorithm was applied to the recorded data to detect and count coughs. The detection algorithm first searches for cough 'candidates' by identifying loud sounds with a cough pattern, followed by a secondary verification process based on detection of specific characteristics of cough. The recorded data were independently and blindly e...

Cough, 2009

Involuntary cough is a classic symptom of many respiratory diseases. The act of coughing serves a variety of functions such as clearing the airways in response to respiratory irritants or aspiration of foreign materials. It has been pointed out that a cough results in substantial stresses on the body which makes voluntary cough a useful tool in physical diagnosis.

Chest, 2012

Vagal reflex initiated by esophageal stimulation and microaspiration can cause chronic cough in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). By raising intraabdominal pressure,cough can, in turn, predispose to GERD. The role of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)in preventing esophagopharyngeal reflux during coughing is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the UES response during coughing. We studied 20 healthy young (10 women; age, 27 ± 5 years) and 15 healthy elderly(nine women; age, 73 ± 4 years) subjects. Hard and soft cough-induced pressure changes in the UES, distal esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, and stomach were determined simultaneously using high-resolution manometry and concurrent acoustic cough recordings. Resting UES pressure was significantly higher in the young compared with the elderly subjects (42 ± 14 mm Hg vs 24 ± 9 mm Hg; P < .001). Cough induced a UES contractile response in all subjects. Despite lower UES resting pressures i...

2014 7th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, 2014

Cough can be defined as a forced expulsive onrush, normally against a closed glottis, producing a characteristic sound. It can be an indicator of many respiratory diseases, and its counting and classification is an important aspect. We propose a method on internal sound signal to automatically identify, count and (partly) qualify cough sounds. Our approach relies on explosive phase detection, because of its acoustic and spectral distinctive characteristics, and its potential for accurate onset detection of cough sounds. The features analyzed, related with tonality, pitch, timbre and frequency, prove to be very relevant in our explosive phase detection approach. Our results show a recall value of 86.6% and a precision value of 84.3%, for a wide testing population with and without respiratory perturbations. The internal sound analysis reveals advantageous in external noise reduction, therefore internal sounds are highlighted and better characterized.