Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction
Wireless Communications Protocols
Antenna Design
Conclusion
References
All Topics
Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Detecting Vital Signs with Wearable Wireless Sensors

Profile image of Robert N FosterRobert N FosterProfile image of Yang HaoYang Hao

2010, Sensors

https://doi.org/10.3390/S101210837
visibility

…

description

26 pages

link

1 file

Abstract

The emergence of wireless technologies and advancements in on-body sensor design can enable change in the conventional health-care system, replacing it with wearable health-care systems, centred on the individual. Wearable monitoring systems can provide continuous physiological data, as well as better information regarding the general health of individuals. Thus, such vital-sign monitoring systems will reduce health-care costs by disease prevention and enhance the quality of life with disease management. In this paper, recent progress in non-invasive monitoring technologies for chronic disease management is reviewed. In particular, devices and techniques for monitoring blood pressure, blood glucose levels, cardiac activity and respiratory activity are discussed; in addition, on-body propagation issues for multiple sensors are presented.

Related papers

Wireless Monitoring of Patient’s Vital Signs
André L. Maitelli

Medical Informatics, 2012

Patient monitoring is indispensible to any hospital. Any Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or hospital beds are surrounded by electrical devices monitoring the patient and these devices are often responsible for saving a patient life. Due to the importance of these devices, there are many studies in how to improve the monitoring and they are focused specially in three questions: What, where and when should it be monitored? The obvious answer would be: everything, everywhere, every time, but in many cases that is not possible. Studies show that a good way to have an overview of the patient health is through the vital signs (Lima, 2002), and not only patients admitted to the ICU require continuous follow-up of those signs. There are many patients with chronic or debilitating diseases who do not need to remain in the hospital but, nonetheless, need constant monitoring of their vitals to assist in early detection of dangerous situations(Kochar & Woods, 1990) (Mion et. al, 2004). At the same time that more developed countries are thriving with all these technological advancements, third world countries have been struggling with insufficient ICU beds. In Brazil, for example, the number of ICU beds has been increasing at a significantly lower rate than the one recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization). (OMS, 2009) Thus, there has been a significant increase in the number of homecare systems offered around the world. However, while they provide an interesting alternative to communities facing health care challenges, most of those solutions still have important limitations, in particular for patients facing more debilitating conditions, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and physical disabilities. Those patients need a new way of care monitoring that can bring increased comfort and security for themselves and their families. Given this problem, this chapter proposes a wireless monitoring of patient's vital signs, presenting a new telemedicine software using GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and Bluetooth technologies that adds the idea of ubiquity to the medical area, innovating the relation between doctor and patient through wireless communication and bringing security and confidence to a patient being monitored in homecare.

View PDFchevron_right
Assessment of the feasibility of an ultra-low power, wireless digital patch for the continuous ambulatory monitoring of vital signs
Kamran Ahmed

BMJ open, 2015

Vital signs are usually recorded at 4-8 h intervals in hospital patients, and deterioration between measurements can have serious consequences. The primary study objective was to assess agreement between a new ultra-low power, wireless and wearable surveillance system for continuous ambulatory monitoring of vital signs and a widely used clinical vital signs monitor. The secondary objective was to examine the system's ability to automatically identify and reject invalid physiological data. Single hospital centre. Heart and respiratory rate were recorded over 2 h in 20 patients undergoing elective surgery and a second group of 41 patients with comorbid conditions, in the general ward. Primary outcome measures were limits of agreement and bias. The secondary outcome measure was proportion of data rejected. The digital patch provided reliable heart rate values in the majority of patients (about 80%) with normal sinus rhythm, and in the presence of abnormal ECG recordings (excluding ...

View PDFchevron_right
Monitoring of Vital Signs with Flexible and Wearable Medical Devices
Yasser Khan

Advances in wireless technologies, low-power electronics, the internet of things, and in the domain of connected health are driving innovations in wearable medical devices at a tremendous pace. Wearable sensor systems composed of flexible and stretchable materials have the potential to better interface to the human skin, whereas silicon-based electronics are extremely efficient in sensor data processing and transmission. Therefore, flexible and stretchable sensors combined with low-power silicon-based electronics are a viable and efficient approach for medical monitoring. Flexible medical devices designed for monitoring human vital signs, such as body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse oxygenation, and blood glucose have applications in both fitness monitoring and medical diagnostics. As a review of the latest development in flexible and wearable human vitals sensors, the essential components required for vitals sensors are outlined and discussed here, including the reported sensor systems, sensing mechanisms, sensor fabrication, power, and data processing requirements.

View PDFchevron_right
A Study of Wearable Bio-Sensor Technologies and Applications in Healthcare
Ahmad Waqas

In today's world the rapid advancements in Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) and Nano technology have improved almost all the aspects of daily life routine with the help of different smart devices such as smart phones, compact electronic devices etc. The prime example of these emerging developments is the development of wireless sensors for healthcare procedures. One kind of these sensors is wearable bio-sensors. In this paper, the technologies of two types of bio-sensors (ECG, EMG) are investigated and also compared with traditional ECG, EMG equipment. We have taken SHIMMERTM wireless sensor platform as an example of wearable biosensors technology. We have investigated the systems developed for A. Mehmood et al. A Study of Wearable Bio-Sensor Technologies and Applications in Healthcare (pp.67 -77) SJCMS | P-ISSN: 2520-0755 | Vol. 1 | No. 1 | © 2017 Sukkur IBA 68 analysis techniques with SHIMMERTM ECG and EMG wearable bio-sensors and these biosensors are used in continuous remote monitoring. For example, applications in continuous health monitoring of elderly people, critical chronic patients and Fitness & Fatigue observations.

View PDFchevron_right
On-body Sensors for Personal Healthcare
Jens Muehlsteff

Philips Research

This chapter gives an overview on core technologies that are crucial for the implementation of personal healthcare monitoring devices, with a main focus on cardiovascular applications. The topics covered include dry ECG electrode characterization, activity classification from raw motion data as context information, algorithmic challenges for these applications and wireless network requirements. These elements are integrated into a smart sensor system, of which an example is presented. An ultrasound system for detecting blood flow in resuscitation applications is described, and emerging technologies for Heart Rate detection with unobtrusive ballistocardiography, radar sensors and magnetic impedance cardiography are shown.

View PDFchevron_right
Wireless chest wearable vital sign monitoring platform for hypertension
Ghalib Janjua

2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

Hypertension, a silent killer, is the biggest challenge of the 21 st century in public health agencies worldwide [1]. World Health Organization (WHO) statistic shows that the mortality rate of hypertension is 9.4 million per year and causes 55.3% of total deaths in cardiovascular (CV) patients [2]. Early detection and prevention of hypertension can significantly reduce the CV mortality. We are presenting a wireless chest wearable vital sign monitoring platform. It measures Electrocardiogram (ECG), Photoplethsmogram (PPG) and Ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals and sends data over Bluetooth low energy (BLE) to mobile phone-acts as a gateway. A custom android application relays the data to thingspeak server where MATLAB based offline analysis estimates the blood pressure. A server reacts on the health of subject to friends & family on the social mediatwitter. The chest provides a natural position for the sensor to capture legitimate signals for hypertension condition. We have done a clinical technical evaluation of prototypes on 11 normotensive subjects, 9 males 2 females.

View PDFchevron_right
Continuous Vital Parameters Monitoring by Using Biosensors and Smart Technology Solution
Janez Trontelj

2017

In this paper we present wireless solution for continuous monitoring of vital parameters by using the leverage of both the biosensors and the smart technology. The proposed solution consists of three commercially available biomedical sensors and a portable smart technology device. The integration allows continuous capture of the heart rate, respiratory rate, part-time blood pressure and oxygen saturation. The application enables insight into the recent history of the parameters, additionally providing information of the shock index, Glasgow comma scale score and the hemodynamic stability of the patient. The solution is suitable for pre-hospital, during the vehicle transport and in-hospital environment. Given all the hardware used is commercially available, the integration is highly cost effective when compared to the hospital equipment. The reliability has been tested in hospital environment

View PDFchevron_right
Wireless wearable photoplethysmography sensors for continuous blood pressure monitoring
Benny Lo

2016 IEEE Wireless Health (WH), 2016

Blood Pressure (BP) is a crucial vital sign taken into consideration for the general assessment of patient's condition: patients with hypertension or hypotension are advised to record their BP routinely. Particularly, hypertension is emphasized by stress, diabetic neuropathy and coronary heart diseases and could lead to stroke. Therefore, routine and long-term monitoring can enable early detection of symptoms and prevent life-threatening events. The gold standard method for measuring BP is the use of a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer to detect systolic and diastolic pressures. However, only discrete measurements are taken. To enable pervasive and continuous monitoring of BP, recent methods have been proposed: pulse arrival time (PAT) or PAT difference (PATD) between different body parts are based on the combination of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors. Nevertheless, this technique could be quite obtrusive as in addition to at least two contacts/electrodes to measure the differential voltage across the left arm/leg/chest and the right arm/leg/chest, ECG measurements are easily corrupted by motion artefacts. Although such devices are small, wearable and relatively convenient to use, most devices are not designed for continuous BP measurements. This paper introduces a novel PPG-based pervasive sensing platform for continuous measurements of BP. Based on the principle of using PAT to estimate BP, two PPG sensors are used to measure the PATD between the earlobe and the wrist to measure BP. The device is compared with a gold standard PPG sensor and validation of the concept is conducted with a preliminary study involving 9 healthy subjects. Results show that the mean BP and PATD are correlated with a 0.3 factor. This preliminary study shows the feasibility of continuous monitoring of BP using a pair of PPG placed on the ear lobe and wrist with PATD measurements is possible.

View PDFchevron_right
A low cost wearable medical device for vital signs monitoring in low-resource settings
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2019

Medical devices are often expensive, so people in low-income countries cannot afford them. This paper presents the design of a low-cost wearable medical device to measure vital signs of a patient including heart rate, blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2) and respiratory rate. The wearable medical device mainly consists of a microcontroller and two biomedical sensors including airflow thermal sensor to measure respiratory rate and pulse oximeter sensor to measure SpO2 and heart rate. We can monitor the vital signs from a smartphone using a web browser through IEEE802.11 wireless connectivity to the wearable medical device. Furthermore, the wearable medical device requires simple management to operate; hence, it can be easily used. Performance evaluation results show that the designed wearable medical device works as good as a standard SpO2 device and it can measure the respiratory rate properly. The designed wearable medical device is inexpensive and appropriate for low-resource settings. Moreover, as its components are commonly available in the market, it easy to assembly and repair locally.

View PDFchevron_right
A Paradigm Shifting to Wearable Wireless Bio-sensor Technology for Remote Health Monitoring: A review
mitali shewale

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 2017

Latest rapidly emerging technological growth in wireless sensor networks and wireless communications have make life of patients more comfortable through design of wearable unobtrusive, miniature, lightweight, tiny, intelligent, low cost medical sensor nodes that can placed on various body parts of patients, which creates a wireless body area network (WBAN) observe physiological vital signs for twenty four hours through day and to provide second wise (real-time) feedback to medical staff and to patient himself. In this paper various medical sensors as per requirement used to collect the physiological symptoms in the form of digital data and transmit information to the Intelligent Personal digital Assistant (IPDA) by using wireless ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 standard protocol and also to medical server situated over long distance from patient by using 3G internet[2]. In this three level architecture get introduced which involves improvement in the transmission rate using data compression and...

View PDFchevron_right

References (79)

  1. Hall, P.S.; Hao, Y. Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Networks, 1st ed.; Artech House, Boston, MA, USA, 2006. ISBN 1-58053-493-7.
  2. Hao, Y.; Foster, R. Wireless body sensor networks for health-monitoring applications. Phys. Meas. 2008, 29, R27-R56.
  3. Newman, J.D.; Turner, A.P.F. Home blood glucose biosensors: A commercial perspective. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005, 20, 2435-2453.
  4. Pickering, T.G.; Shimbo, D.; Hass, D. Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006, 354, 2368-2374.
  5. Moranes, J.C.T.B.; Cerulli, M.; Ng, P.S. A Strategy for Determination of Systolic, Mean and Diastolic Blood Pressures from Oscillometric Pulse Profiles. In Proceedings of Computers in Cardiology 2000, Cambridge, MA, USA, September 24-27, 2000; pp. 211-214.
  6. Belani, K.G.; Buckley, J.J.; Poliac, M.O. Accuracy of radial artery blood pressure determination with the Vasotrac. Can. J. Anesth. 1999, 46, 488-496.
  7. McCann, M.E.; Hill, D.; Thomas, K.C.; Zurakowski, D.; Laussen, P.C. A comparison of radial artery blood pressure determination between the Vasotrac device and invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring in adolescents undergoing scoliosis surgery. Anesth. Analg. 2005, pp. 978-985.
  8. Franklin, D.L.; Schlegel, W.; Rushme, R.F. Blood Flow Measured by doppler frequency shift of back-scattered ultrasound. Science 1961, 134, 564-565.
  9. Elseed, A.M.; Shinebourne, E.A.; Joseph, M.C. Assessment of techniques for measurement of blood pressure in infants and children. Dis. Child. 1973, 48, 932-936.
  10. Gribbin, B.; Steptoe, A.; Sleight, P. Pulse wave velocity as a measure of blood pressure change. Psychophysiology 1976, 3, 86-90.
  11. Poon, C.; Zhang, Y. Cuff-less and Noninvasive Measurements of Arterial Blood Pressure by Pulse Transit Time. In Proceedings of 27th Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE-EMBS 2005, Shanghai, China, September 2005; pp. 5877-5880.
  12. Poon, C.C.Y.; Wong, Y.M.; Zhang, Y.T. M-Health: The Development of Cuff-less and Wearable Blood Pressure Meters for Use in Body Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of Life Science Systems and Applications Workshop, IEEE/NLM, Bethesda, MD, USA, July 2006; pp. 1-2.
  13. Shaltis, P.; Reisner, A.; Asada, H. Calibration of the Photoplethysmogram to Arterial Blood Pressure: Capabilities and Limitations for Continuous Pressure Monitoring. In Proceedings of 27th Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE-EMBS 2005, Shanghai, China, September 2005; pp. 3970-3973.
  14. Shaltis, P.; Reisner, A.; Asada, H. Cuffless blood pressure monitoring using hydrostatic pressure changes. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 2008, 55, 1775-1777.
  15. Shaltis, P.; Reisner, A.; Asada, H. Wearable, Cuff-less PPG-based Blood Pressure Monitor with Novel Height Sensor. In Proceedings of 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS '06, New York, NY, USA, September 2006; pp. 908-911.
  16. Medtronic, Inc. Available online: http://www.medtronic.com/our-therapies/diabetes-management/ index.htm/ (accessed on 20 November 2010).
  17. Vadgama, P.; Hao, Y.; Foster, R. Wireless Implantable Sensors with Advanced On-Body Data Processing: NEAT Project FSE031 Final Report; Technical Report, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK, 2009. Available online: http://www.nihr-ccf.org.uk.(accessed on 18 November 2010)
  18. Sieg, A.; Guy, R.H.; Delgado-Charro, M.B. Noninvasive and minimally invasive methods for transdermal glucose monitoring. Diabetes. Technol. Ther. 2005, 7, 174-197.
  19. Hayashi, Y.; Livshits, L.; Caduff, A.; Feldman, Y. Dielectric spectroscopy study of specific glucose influence on human erythrocyte membranes. J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 2003, 36, 369-374.
  20. Hillier, T.A.; Abbott, R.D.; Barrett, E.J. Hyponatremia: Evaluating the correction factor for hyperglycemia. Am. J. Med. 1999, 106, 399-403.
  21. Caduff, A.; Feldman, Y. Method and A Device for Measuring Glucose. U.S. Patent 11/070,853, 27 February 2007.
  22. Caduff, A.; Donath, M.; Talary, M.; Haug, S.; Huber, D.; Stahel, W.A.; Dewarrat, F.; Jonasson, L.S.; Krebs, H.J.; Klisic, J. Multisensor Concept for Non-Invasive Physiological Monitoring. In Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, IMTC 2007, Warsaw, Poland, May 2007; pp. 1-4.
  23. Caduff, A.; Talary, M.S.; Mueller, M.; Dewarrat, F.; Klisic, J.; Donath, M.; Heinemann, L.; Stahel, W.A. Non-invasive glucose monitoring in patients with Type 1 diabetes: A Multisensor system combining sensors for dielectric and optical characterisation of skin. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 24, 2778-2784.
  24. Topsakal, E.; Moreland, E.C.; Karacolak, T.; Acar, M. The Impact of Glucose Concentration in Blood Plasma on Relative Dielectric Constant and Conductivity. In National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI), Boulder,CO, USA, January 2008.
  25. Hancock, C.; Chaudhry, S. A non-invasive monitoring system. In Proceedings of 2007 European Microwave Conference, Munich, Germany, October 2007; pp. 313-316.
  26. Hancock, C.P. A Non-invasive Monitoring System. G.B. Patent 2428093, January 17, 2007.
  27. Jean, B.; Green, E.; McClung, M. A Microwave Frequency Sensor for Non-invasive Blood-glucose Measurement. In Sensors Applications Symposium, SAS 2008, Atlanta, GA, USA, October 2008; pp. 4-7.
  28. Nikawa, Y.; Michiyama, T. Non-invasive Measurement of Blood-sugar Level by Reflection of Millimeter-Waves. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, APMC 2006, Yokohama, Japan, December 2006; pp. 47-50.
  29. Nikawa, Y.; Michiyama, T. Blood-sugar Monitoring by Reflection of Millimeter Wave. In Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, APMC 2007, Bangkok, Thailand, December 2007; pp. 1-4.
  30. Arnold, M.A.; Burmeister, J.J.; Small, G.W. Phantom glucose calibration models from simulated noninvasive human near-infrared spectra. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 1773-1781.
  31. Barman, I.; Singh, G.P.; Dasari, R.R.; Feld, M.S. Turbidity-corrected raman spectroscopy for blood analyte detection. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 4233-4240.
  32. Barman, I.; Kong, C.R.; Singh, G.P.; Dasari, R.R.; Feld, M.S. Accurate spectroscopic calibration for noninvasive glucose monitoring by modeling the physiological glucose dynamics. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 6104-6114.
  33. Zimetbaum, P.J.; Josephson, M.E. The evolving role of ambulatory arrhythmia monitoring in general clinical practice. Ann. Intern. Med. 1999, 130, 848-856.
  34. Bergey, G.E.; Squires, R.D.; Sipple, W.C. Electrocardiogram recording with pasteless electrodes. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 1971, BME-18, 206-211.
  35. Searle, A.; Kirkup, L. A direct comparison of wet, dry and insulating bioelectric recording electrodes. Physiol. Meas. 2000, 21, 271-283.
  36. Muhlsteff, J.; Such, O. Dry Electrodes for Monitoring of Vital Signs in Functional Textiles. In 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEMBS '04, San Francisco, CA, USA, September 2004; pp. 2212-2215.
  37. Matthews, R.; McDonald, N.J.; Fridman, I.; Hervieux, P.; Nielsen, T. The Invisible Electrode zero prep Time, Ultra Low Capacitive Sensing. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 2005; pp. 22-27.
  38. Chi, Y.M.; Cauwenberghs, G. Wireless Non-contact EEG/ECG Electrodes for Body Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on, Body Sensor Networks (BSN), Biopolis, Singapore, June 2010; pp. 297-301.
  39. Droitcour, A.D.; Boric-Lubecke, O.; Lubecke, V.M.; Lin, J.; Kovacs, G.T.A. Range correlation and I/Q performance benefits in single-chip silicon Doppler radars for noncontact cardiopulmonary monitoring. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 2004, 52, 838-848.
  40. Matsubara, A.; Tanaka, S. Unconstrained and Noninvasive Measurement of Heartbeat and Respiration for Drivers using a Strain Gauge. In Proceedings of the 41st SICE Annual Conference, Osaka, Japan, August 2002; pp. 1067-1068.
  41. Jeong, J.W.; Jang, Y.W.; Lee, I.; Shin, S.; Kim, S. Wearable Respiratory Rate Monitoring using Piezo-resistive Fabric Sensor. In World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering; Magjarevic, R., Nagel, J.H., Dössel, O., Schlegel, W.C., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2009; pp. 282-284.
  42. Karki, S.; Lekkala, J. Film-type Transducer Materials PVDF and EMFi in the Measurement of Heart and Respiration Rates. In Proceedigns of 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS 2008, Vancouver, BC, Canada, August 2008; pp. 530-533.
  43. Grossman, P., Wearable eHealth Systems for Personalised Health Management: State of the Art and Future Challenges. In Wearable eHealth Systems for Personalised Health Management: State of the Art and Future Challenges; IOS Press: Fairfax, VA, USA, year? Volume 108, pp. 133-141.
  44. Paradiso, R.; Loriga, G.; Taccini, N. A wearable health care system based on knitted integrated sensors. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 2005, 9, 337-344.
  45. Lukowicz, P.; Anliker, U.; Ward, J.; Troster, G.; Hirt, E.; Neufelt, C. AMON: A Wearable Medical Computer for High Risk Patients. In Proceedings Sixth International Symposium on Wearable Computers, (ISWC 2002), Seattle, WA, USA, August 2002; pp. 133-134.
  46. Anliker, U.; Ward, J.; Lukowicz, P.; Troster, G.; Dolveck, F.; Baer, M.; Keita, F.; Schenker, E.; Catarsi, F.; Coluccini, L.; Belardinelli, A.; Shklarski, D.; Alon, M.; Hirt, E.; Schmid, R.; Vuskovic, M. AMON: A wearable multiparameter medical monitoring and alert system. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 2004, 8, 415-427.
  47. Bodymedia. Available online: http://www.bodymedia.com/(accessed on 20 November 2010).
  48. Micropaq, Wellch Allyn. Available online: http://www.monitoring.welchallyn.com/(accessed on 21 November 2010).
  49. Sensatex 2007. Available online: http://www.sensatex.com/(accessed on 20 November 2010).
  50. Weber, J.; Blanc, D.; Dittmar, A.; Comet, B.; Corroy, C.; Noury, N.; Baghai, R.; Vaysse, S.; Blinowska, A. VTAM-A New "Biocloth" for Ambulatory Telemonitoring. In Proceedings of 4th International IEEE EMBS Special Topic Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine, Birmingham, UK, April 2003; pp. 299-301.
  51. Zimmerman, T.G. Personal Area Networks: Near-field intrabody communication. IBM Syst. J. 1996, 35, 609-617.
  52. Okoniewski, M.; Stuchly, M. A study of the handset antenna and human body interaction. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 1996, 44, 1855-1864.
  53. Okoniewski, M.; Stuchly, M. FDTD Analysis of the Handset Antenna and Human Body Interaction. Vol. 3. In Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1996. AP-S. Digest, Baltimore, MD, USA, July 1996; pp. 1668-1673.
  54. Amos, S.; Smith, M.; Kitchener, D. Modelling of Handset Antenna Interactions with the User and SAR Reduction Techniques. In IEE National Conference on Antennas and Propagation, York, UK, March 1999; pp. 12-15.
  55. Vainikainen, P.; Ollikainen, J.; Kivekas, O.; Kelander, K. Resonator-based analysis of the combination of mobile handset antenna and chassis. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 2002, 50, 1433-1444.
  56. Saraereh, O.; Jayawardene, M.; McEvoy, P.; Vardaxoglou, J. Quad-band Handset Antenna Operation for GSM900/DCS1800/PCS1900/UMTS. In Proceedings of IEE Wideband and Multi-band Antennas and Arrays, (Ref. No. 2005/11059), Birmingham, UK, September 2005; pp. 129-133.
  57. Krzysztofik, W. Meandered Double-PIFA Antenna-Handset / Human Interaction. In International Conference on Microwaves, Radar Wireless Communications, MIKON 2006, Karakow, Poland, September 2006; pp. 119-122.
  58. Cho, T.; Nam, S.; Lee, H. Penta-band Internal Antenna for Mobile Handset. In Microwave Conference, 2009. APMC 2009, Asia Pacific, Singapore, December 2009; pp. 2699-2702.
  59. Ur Rehman, M.; Gao, Y.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Alfadhl, Y.; Chen, X.; Parini, C.; Ying, Z.; Bolin, T. Investigation of on-body bluetooth transmission. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 2010, 4, 871-880.
  60. Teng, X.F.; Zhang, Y.T.; Poon, C.; Bonato, P. Wearable medical systems for p-Health. IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2008, 1, 62-74.
  61. Pantelopoulos, A.; Bourbakis, N. A survey on Wearable sensor-based systems for health monitoring and prognosis. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern. 2010, 40, 1-12.
  62. Alomainy, A.; Hao, Y.; Hu, X.; Parini, C.; Hall, P. UWB on-body radio propagation and system modelling for wireless body-centric networks. IEE Proc. Commun. 2006, 153, 107-114.
  63. Soontornpipit, P.; Furse, C.; Chung, Y.C. Design of implantable microstrip antenna for communication with medical implants. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 2004, 52, 1944-1951.
  64. Karacolak, T.; Hood, A.; Topsakal, E. Design of a dual-band implantable antenna and development of skin mimicking gels for continuous glucose monitoring. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 2008, 56, 1001 -1008.
  65. Alomainy, A.; Hao, Y.; Davenport, D. Parametric Study of Wearable Antennas with Varying Distances from the Body and Different On-Body Positions. InProceedings of Antennas and Propagation for Body-Centric Wireless Communications, 2007 IET Seminar, London, UK, April 2007;
  66. Alomainy, A.; Sani, A.; Hao, Y.; Pettitt, G.; Cushnaghan, P. Parametric Study of Ground Reflections and Diversity Techniques Effect on Body-Worn VHF/UHF Antenna Performance. In 2010 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Barcelona, Spain, April 2010; pp. 1-4.
  67. Khaleel, H.; Al-Rizzo, H.; Rucker, D.; Elwi, T. Wearable Yagi Microstrip Antenna for Telemedicine Applications. In Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), New Orleans, LA, USA, January 2010; pp. 280-283.
  68. Traille, A.; Yang, L.; Rida, A.; Tentzeris, M. A Novel Liquid Antenna for Wearable Bio-Monitoring Applications. In Microwave Symposium Digest, 2008 IEEE MTT-S International, Atlanta, GA, USA, June 2008; pp. 923-926.
  69. Nechayev, Y.; Hall, P.; Khan, I.; Constantinou, C. Wireless Channels and Antennas for Body-Area Networks. In 2010 Seventh International Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), Kranska Gora, Slovenia, February 2010; pp. 137-144.
  70. Zhao, Y.; Sani, A.; Hao, Y.; Lee, S.; Yang, G. A Subject-Specific Radio Propagation Study in Wireless Body Area Networks. In Antennas Propagation Conference, LAPC 2009, Loughborough, UK, November 2009; pp. 80-83.
  71. Alomainy, A.; Hao, Y.; Hu, X.; Parini, C.; Hall, P. UWB on-body radio propagation and system modelling for wireless body-centric networks. IEE Proc. Commun. 2006, 153, 107-114.
  72. Abbasi, Q.; Sani, A.; Alomainy, A.; Hao, Y. Arm Movements Effect on Ultra Wideband on-body Propagation Channels and Radio Systems. In Antennas Propagation Conference, 2009. LAPC 2009, Loughborough, UK, November 2009; pp. 261-264.
  73. Lim, S.; Oh, T.H.; Choi, Y.; Lakshman, T. Security Issues on Wireless Body Area Network for Remote Healthcare Monitoring. In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (SUTC), Newport Beach, CA, USA, June 2010; pp. 327-332.
  74. Ahamed, S.; Talukder, N.; Kameas, A. Towards Privacy Protection in Pervasive Healthcare. In 3rd IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments, Ulm, Germany, June 2007; pp. 296-303.
  75. Witters, D.; Seidman, S.; Bassen, H. EMC and Wireless Healthcare. In 2010 Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), Beijing, China, April 2010; pp. 5-9.
  76. Chien, T.; Cheng, C.; Yang, H.; Luo, C. Develop Implantable Ceramic Antennas with no Superstrate. In Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), Toronto, ON, Canada, July 2010; pp. 1-4.
  77. Lee, C.M.; Yo, T.C.; Huang, F.J.; Luo, C.H. Dual-resonant x003C0;-shape with double L-strips PIFA for implantable biotelemetry. Electron. Lett. 2008, 44, 837-838.
  78. Chow, E.; Beier, B.; Ouyang, Y.; Chappell, W.; Irazoqui, P. High Frequency Transcutaneous Transmission Using Stents Configured as A Dipole Radiator for Cardiovascular Implantable Devices. In IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, MTT'09, Boston, MA, USA, June 2009; pp. 1317-1320.
  79. c 2010 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.)

Related papers

Measurement of Vital Signs with Non-invasive and Wireless Sensing Technologies and Health Monitoring
Matiur Rahman Minar, Sudipta Majumder

Journal of Advances in Information Technology, 2017

— Medical treatment and health service is one of the basic needs for every human being. People tend to get services from physicians and clinics. Although medical service is supposed to be available and easily accessible, in the third world countries, it is rare and expensive to get this service easily everywhere and at any time. Mass people have also less idea about medical measurements. In particular in the third world countries medical practitioners are not available in remote areas. Hence, remote health and patient monitoring is important to provide the under privileged people easy health monitoring technologies and the freedom to be health-conscious. This research on remote health monitoring leads to development of technologies, which can be used by anyone for health checkup. The technologies researched here lead to making of useful devices and applications, which are very easy to use, less, expensive, and with the capability of monitoring health conditions remotely. This research includes remote health monitoring for technologies e.g. Spirometry, heart rate measurement, Body Mass Index measurement, and instant skin temperature measurement. We implemented these technologies using basic circuits and developed Android based application. The implemented hardware is interfaced wirelessly with an Android phone where the app provides the measured vital signals to the user. We evaluated our system by comparing the measured values with the values got from the standard medical devices and the results are found to be very close to accurate values.  Index Terms—vital sign, wireless sensor, spirometer, heart-rate monitor, body mass index calculator

View PDFchevron_right
Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Vital Signs of Patients
Prof.(Dr.) Hardeep Singh Saini

International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Vital signs of a person are the indicator of basic bodily functions and provide critical information for accessing a patient's state of health. The four Vital signs are: Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Body temperature and Respiration Rate. In some cases, blood oxygen saturation is also measured. Vital signs help in identifying an already existing medical condition, diagnosing new disease and can also be very helpful in providing critical care to patients in time of emergency. Traditional ways of Vital sign monitoring are being replaced by more technical methods employing the use of wearable sensors. Not only are wearable sensors an aid for getting vital signs accurately but a multitude of parameters can be obtained by using an assembly of wearable sensors. With the help of wearable sensors, telemonitoring of patients has become a reality. This paper discusses the Vital parameters, their normal ranges and different wearable sensors to measure these parameters.

View PDFchevron_right
Recent advances and design challenges in wireless health monitoring
Ping Jack Soh

Triggered by the increase of the elderly population, various aspects of health monitoring are being investigated by researchers worldwide. The earlier approaches in health monitoring were based on devices attached to the patient's body involving the use of wires that impose restrictions on patients and introducing discomfort, besides affecting device operation. Although some of these devices are still used nowadays, wireless technologies are being intensively investigated with the aim of providing an effective and efficient health monitoring solution, towards improving the well-being of the elderly. They represent the new emerging solution to promote the health both in home and clinical environments, and are also predicted to proliferate in the next years. This paper discusses the recent advances, design challenges, practical limitations, and solutions of recent advances in health monitoring using wireless technologies, presenting also an example of contactless health monitoring system.

View PDFchevron_right
A Portable, Inexpensive, Wireless Vital Signs Monitoring System
John Enderle

Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology, 2010

View PDFchevron_right
A 2.4GHz Non-Contact Biosensor System for Continuous Monitoring of Vital-Signs
suyash jain

Telemedicine Techniques and Applications, 2011

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Wireless Technology
  • Ambulatory BP monitoring
  • Self monitoring of blood glucose
  • Electrical and Electronic Engine...

    • Cited by

    Continuous, Non-invasive and Cuff-free Blood Pressure Monitoring System
    Fredy Emilio Mostajo Rivera

    2012 VI Andean Region International Conference, 2012

    This paper presents a continuous and non-invasive blood pressure monitoring system, which can measure the blood pressure without the use of a inflatable cuff. A wearable IEEE 802.15.4-based Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) composed by a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor node located on the forehead, and an electrocardiographic sensor node located on the chest, is used to measure the propagation time of the pressure wave from the chest to the forehead. This propagation time is related with the user blood pressure through a mathematical model, which is solved by the WBSN without sending raw signals from the sensors to a more complex device, such as a laptop or cell phone. On-node processing and blood pressure cuff-free estimation allow reducing energy consumption, while the location of the sensor nodes provides the user with a complete freedom of movement. After evaluating the system, experimental results show that the proposed system has the potential for constantly and non-invasively measuring the blood pressure of a person during daily activities.

    View PDFchevron_right
    Telemonitoring with respect to mood disorders and information and communication technologies: overview and presentation of the PSYCHE project
    luisa weiner

    BioMed research international, 2014

    This paper reviews what we know about prediction in relation to mood disorders from the perspective of clinical, biological, and physiological markers. It then also presents how information and communication technologies have developed in the field of mood disorders, from the first steps, for example, the transition from paper and pencil to more sophisticated methods, to the development of ecological momentary assessment methods and, more recently, wearable systems. These recent developments have paved the way for the use of integrative approaches capable of assessing multiple variables. The PSYCHE project stands for Personalised monitoring SYstems for Care in mental HEalth.

    View PDFchevron_right
    Unobstructive Body Area Networks (BAN) for Efficient Movement Monitoring
    Filipe Felisberto

    Sensors, 2012

    The technological advances in medical sensors, low-power microelectronics and miniaturization, wireless communications and networks have enabled the appearance of a new generation of wireless sensor networks: the so-called wireless body area networks (WBAN). These networks can be used for continuous monitoring of vital parameters, movement, and the surrounding environment. The data gathered by these networks contributes to improve users' quality of life and allows the creation of a knowledge database by using learning techniques, useful to infer abnormal behaviour. In this paper we present a wireless body area network architecture to recognize human movement, identify human postures and detect harmful activities in order to prevent risk situations. The WBAN was created using tiny, cheap and low-power nodes with inertial and physiological sensors, strategically placed on the human body. Doing so, in an as ubiquitous as possible way, ensures that its impact on the users' daily actions is minimum. The information collected by these sensors is transmitted to a central server capable of analysing and processing their data. The proposed system creates movement profiles based on the data sent by the WBAN's nodes, and is able to detect in real time any abnormal movement and allows for a monitored rehabilitation of the user.

    View PDFchevron_right
    How to Make Fabrics Talk Environment: The Scatol8 per la Sostenibilità Way
    Riccardo Beltramo

    Fashion Industry [Working Title]

    The mission of Scatol8 per la Sostenibilità srl (in English Scatol8 for Sustainability) is the realization of products and services to communicate the theme of sustainable development. The economic viability of the entrepreneurial initiative is ensured by three lines of activity: (1) the realization of personalized management systems, (2) carrying out environmental education activities, and (3) design and manufacture of products. Scatol8's products are unique design objects-therefore exclusive-crafted with materials and techniques derived from scientific research. Osmosis between new researches in the fields of business management, chemistry, environment, and the Scatol8 company leads to the manufacture of products that incorporate recent innovations and transfer the knowledge content to those who can afford them, meaning those who have culture enough to understand and appreciate them. It has been said: luxury is experiential. This is the concept we aim for with our products. The following chapter describes the qualities of some sustainable luxury products and deepens the ways of thinking, designing, and making a line of garments. These garments incorporate electronic devices with natural fabrics: cotton, hemp, and eco-leather. This is an example of upcycling as a result of technological innovation, which is then analyzed by the design thinking.

    View PDFchevron_right
    Detection of Volatile Compounds Emitted by Bacteria in Wounds Using Gas Sensors
    Bego garcia

    Sensors

    In this paper we analyze an experiment for the use of low-cost gas sensors intended to detect bacteria in wounds using a non-intrusive technique. Seven different genera/species of microbes tend to be present in most wound infections. Detection of these bacteria usually requires sample and laboratory testing which is costly, inconvenient and time-consuming. The validation processes for these sensors with nineteen types of microbes (1 Candida, 2 Enterococcus, 6 Staphylococcus, 1 Aeromonas, 1 Micrococcus, 2 E. coli and 6 Pseudomonas) are presented here, in which four sensors were evaluated: TGS-826 used for ammonia and amines, MQ-3 used for alcohol detection, MQ-135 for CO2 and MQ-138 for acetone detection. Validation was undertaken by studying the behavior of the sensors at different distances and gas concentrations. Preliminary results with liquid cultures of 108 CFU/mL and solid cultures of 108 CFU/cm2 of the 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains revealed that the four gas sensors showed...

    View PDFchevron_right
    580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved