Pricing in computer networks: motivation, formulation, and example

2011

In the early 1990s, Congress recognized that several federal agencies had ongoing highperformance computing programs, but no central coordinating body existed to ensure long-term coordination and planning. To provide such a framework, Congress passed the High-Performance Computing and Communications Program Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-194) to enhance the effectiveness of the various programs. In conjunction with the passage of the act, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) released Grand Challenges: High-Performance Computing and Communications. That document outlined a research and development (R&D) strategy for high-performance computing and a framework for a multiagency program, the High-Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) Program. The HPCC Program has evolved over time and is now called the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Program, to better reflect its expanded mission. Current concerns are the role of the federal government in supporting IT R&D and the level of funding to allot to it. Proponents of federal support of information technology (IT) R&D assert that it has produced positive outcomes for the country and played a crucial role in supporting long-term research into fundamental aspects of computing. Such fundamentals provide broad practical benefits, but generally take years to realize. Additionally, the unanticipated results of research are often as important as the anticipated results. Another aspect of government-funded IT research is that it often leads to open standards, something that many perceive as beneficial, encouraging deployment and further investment. Industry, on the other hand, is more inclined to invest in proprietary products and will diverge from a common standard when there is a potential competitive or financial advantage to do so. Proponents of government support believe that the outcomes achieved through the various funding programs create a synergistic environment in which both fundamental and application-driven research are conducted, benefitting government, industry, academia, and the public. Supporters also believe that such outcomes justify government's role in funding IT R&D, as well as the growing budget for the NITRD Program. Critics assert that the government, through its funding mechanisms, may be picking "winners and losers" in technological development, a role more properly residing with the private sector. For example, the size of the NITRD Program may encourage industry to follow the government's lead on research directions rather than selecting those directions itself.

ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 1991

We study the role of pricing policies in multiple service class networks. We argue that some form of graduated prices are required in order for a ng multiclass service discipline to have the desired effect. Moreover, we demonstrate through simulation that it is possible to set the prices so that every user is more satisfied with the combined cost and performance of a network with graduated prices. For some users the performance penalty received for requesting a less-than-optimaJ service class is offset by the reduced price of the service. For the other users the monetary penalty incurred by using the more expensive, higher quality service classes is offset by the improved performance they receive. Thus, prices allow us to spread the benefits of multiple service classes around to all users, rather than just having these benefits remain exclusively with users who are performance sensitive.

Communications of The ACM, 1999

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This Issue (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1785.7045) includes the following papers; P1140928803, D.Kavitha and K.E.Sreenivasa Murthy and B.Sathyanarayana and V.Raghunatha Reddy and S.Zahor ul Huq, "Securing Binding Updates in Routing Optimizaton of Mobile IPv6" P1141011025, KHALID ABDULMOHSIN BURAGGA, "Effectiveness of Accessibility and Usability of Saudi E-Government: an Objective Study" P1141011024, Ghada Abdelmouez M and Fathy S. Helail and Abdellatif A. Elkouny, "Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Based DES Reinforcement" P1121015047, Ahmad Ali Al-Zubi, "Identification of Information Systems Threats Sources: An Analytical Study" P1141038308, A. Milenkoski, "Assessment of the Diversity of the TCP Congestion Control Evaluation Techniques, an Academic Survey of Articles (1989-2009)" P1141038307, Shrirang Ambaji Kulkarni and G. Raghavendra Rao, "Applying Optimized Mobility Model for Reinforcement Learning Based Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Network" P1141052911, R. Maheswar and R. Jayaparvathy, "Performance Analysis using Contention Based Queueing Model for Wireless Sensor Networks" P1141052912, S.Geetha and R.Jayaparvathy, "Generalized Stochastic Petri net Approach to model bandwidth allocation in IEEE 802.20 MAC"

The Internet has been very successful in supporting many network applications.

1973

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2002

Status of this Memo This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved. This document describes policy-based accounting which is an approach to provide flexibility to accounting architectures. Accounting policies describe the configuration of an accounting architecture in a standardized way. They are used to instrument the accounting architecture and can be exchanged between Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) entities in order to share configuration information.

ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 2014

2003

Status of this Memo Content Internetworking (CDI) Scenarios This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003). All Rights Reserved. In describing content internetworking as a technology targeted for use in production networks, it is useful to provide examples of the sequence of events that may occur when two content networks decide to interconnect. The scenarios presented here seek to provide some concrete examples of what content internetworking is, and also to

This issue (DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4996.9686) includes the following papers; P1140712001 Rozalina Mohamed and M.B. Al-Mourad and Yaser M. A. Khalifa “Super-peer P2P Systems Utilizing Mediated Knowledge-based and User-defined Views” P1140649001 H. Arafat Ali “Multi-Agent System for Specific Domain Search Engine Based on Distributed Classification Approach” P1140649002 Mofreh Salem and Amany Sarhan and Mostafa Abu-Bakr “A DOS Attack Intrusion Detection and Inhibition Technique for Wireless Computer Networks” P1140724007 Manpreet Singh and Manjeet Singh Patterh “Formal Specification of Policy Components and Constraints for Network Computing Base” P1140724003 Janakiraman V S and Ganesan R and Gobi M “Hybrid Cryptographic Algorithm for Robust Network Security” P1140724005 N.A Vasanthi and S.Annadurai “Sleep Schedule based on Reliable Event Detection for Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks”