Behaviour of Nitrile Rubber-Based Mixtures to Composting Tests

The international environmental movement has not left the latex/rubber industry untouched and disposal considerations are becoming more scrutinized. Most of these products are disposed of through incineration and landfill disposal. For products disposed of in landfills, the persistence of these products is a point of concern and a means to induce biodegradation of these materials in anaerobic conditions is necessary. Discussed are recent advancements in technology that promote biodegradation to assimilate these products back into the natural cycle and compare these products to the biodegradation of natural rubber. The environmental impact of biodegrading these materials (landfill gas and residual chemicals) is reviewed as well as the impact of using these novel materials on a products shelf stability, strength and physical properties.

Journal of material cycles and waste management, 2024

The amount of rubber scraps derived from rubber goods production consists of about 20-30% of the processed material, so it is necessary to enhance this material by developing new recycling techniques as well as a new market for recycled rubber products. In the present research, nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) scraps are reprocessed via a calendering process acting with a mechanical devulcanization. Compounds were prepared with 20%, 80%, and 100% recycled rubber content and characterized. The experimental results highlighted that the compound prepared with 20% recycled rubber content via calendering and compression molding processes shows comparable mechanical properties to that of virgin NBR. The tensile properties are the most penalized by the increasing content of recycled material (100% recycled shows -25% and -50% stress and strain at break, respectively). Other properties remain comparable to the standard material up to 80% recycled material: 60 ± 5 Shore A, compression elastic modulus 8 MPa, compression set 20%. FTIR analysis revealed no changes in chemical structure from the recycling process. The results demonstrate that simple mechanical devulcanization can effectively reprocess industrial rubber waste while largely maintaining useful properties. This provides a potential pathway to enhance sustainability in rubber production through the valorization of process scraps.

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014

Tensile test and morphology studies were performed to determine the influences of Trans-polyoctylene Rubber (TOR) as compatibilizer of NBRr filled ENR 50 with composition of 15 phr. Fine size (300µm-700µm) of NBRr was used as fillers. Both uncompatibilized and compatibilized NBRr/ENR 50 were prepared using two roll mill at room temperature with different php of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0. It can be observed that tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were decreased as increased in TOR loading before started to increased at 1.5 up to 3.0. Meanwhile, the increment in the value of elongation at break when increased in the addition of TOR. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile surface fracture of increased TOR loading illustrated a better adhesion and dispersion in comparison of low amount of TOR loading.

International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications

Mechanical properties of natural rubber composites filled with waste materials including waste tire rubber, rice husk ash and starch sludge were comparatively investigated along with commercial reinforcing fillers, carbon black and silica, using maleated natural rubber (MNR) or silane (Si69) as a coupling agent. It was found that rubber with rice husk ash gave higher tensile strength than ones with starch sludge and waste tire. Rice husk ash gave similar strength to silica and using MNR was better than Si69. Waste fillers gave higher compression set than carbon black and crumb rubber yielded better abrasive resistance than carbon black and silica. It was also seen that mechanical properties decreased with increasing starch sludge loading. The optimum loading is 10 phr starch sludge with 5 phr MNR. These experimental results showed that for certain applications, waste materials could be used as alternative filler in the rubber production.

2020

Scrap tyre and waste leather products are major environmental problem for disposal. To overcome this problem, it is needed to reuse into another purpose. Therefore in this research, waste tyre and waste leather were used as filler in rubber compounding which also reduced the cost of production. Waste tyre and waste chrome tanning leather sample (neutralized with ammonia) were collected from tyre shop and leather mill. In this research 6 types of rubber composites RLC I – VI were made by using different amounts of waste tyre and fixed amount of waste leather. All these composites were investigated their physicochemical and physicomechanical properties. In the series of RLC I – VI, RLC VI (100 phr of NR, 100 phr of waste chrome leather neutralized with NH3 and 600 phr of waste tyre) had the highest tensile strength 6.63MPa, elongation at break 232 %, tear strength 62.0 N/mm and 100 % modulus 6.63 %. RLC VI was more resist to strain and stress. Among the prepared flooring RLC VI was se...

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2017

HIS WORK focused on using silica fume (by product) and quartz (industrial waste) in manufacture of ferrosilicon alloys in Egyptian chemical industries company (KIMA), in Aswan, Egypt. To reinforce the properties of Nitrile rubber, reduce cost and save the environment from industrial waste. Preparation rubber composites by addition different concentrations from silica fume filler (byproduct) and quartz filler (industrial waste). Investigation on the insulation properties of nitrile rubber composites by measurement of flashover voltage for unfilled nitrile rubber (blank) and nitrile rubber composites with silica fume filler and quartz filler. The measurement of flashover voltage for nitrile rubber composites occurred in different conditions (dry, wet, salinity and acidity). The effect of silica fume filler and quartz filler on mechanical properties of nitrile rubber was studied by investigation on elongation at break for nitrile rubber composites and also tensile strength. Studied the effect of hybrid filler on enhancement of electrical properties and mechanical properties of nitrile rubber, by adding different concentrations of mica filler on the samples showed the least enhancement in insulation properties of nitrile rubber composites in case of silica fume and quartz filler. And also study the morphology of nitrile rubber composites.

MATEC Web of Conferences

The presented paper deals with a study of selected rubber compounds as well as their vulcanizates with partially replaced commonly used filler by adding selected alternative fillers. Alternative fillers were mixed into rubber compounds as partial replacement of commonly used filler – carbon black. As an alternative partial replacement of common filler, we have chosen fine fractions of the waste of thermoplastics. The differences of rubber compounds were based on the amount of used alternative filler. We determined vulcanization characteristics of prepared tread compounds and physical and mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of their vulcanizates. From the measured results it can be concluded that studied waste can be used in the function of filler into rubber, as partial replacement of commonly used filler.

Leather and Footwear Journal

In this work, biodegradable polymer composites were made based on natural rubber and post-consumer vulcanized rubber waste functionalized with potassium oleate, in various proportions (5, 10, 20, 30, 50%), cryogenically ground to dimensions of min. 500 nm and polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer between the two phases. This composite will be made into a low-density product, with low cost, and last but not least, biodegradable, with the recovery and reuse of waste, containing post-consumer polymers. The methodology for making the new materials involves the following steps: sorting waste, grinding, functionalization and compounding. These operations are easy to manage and do not involve new equipment. Compounding, the most important operation, is carried out on a roller and the mixtures are processed into finished products by compression in an electric press. The tested biodegradable composites were structurally and physico-mechanically characterized. Waste tra...

2001

Powdered vulcanized rubber waste generated in a factory was examined as a compounding additive in natural rubber compounds and in blends of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber . The cure characteristics were evaluat- ed with the Monsanto Oscillating Disc Rheometer while tensile sheets were prepared and stress-strain measurements in simple extension were used to characterize the mechanical properties of the vulcanized elastomers . In all the vulcanizates examined, the incorporation of rubber waste resulted in a slight deterioration of properties . The deterioration of properties is attributed tQ the poor interfacial bonding between the rubber waste and the virgin matrix elastomer. Also, it was found that at low volume loading, the vulcanized waste has no adverse effect on vulcanizate properties.