SecFUN: Security Framework for Underwater acoustic sensor Networks

Symmetry

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) obtains more attention due to their wide range of applications such as underwater oil field discovery, Tsunami monitoring systems, surveillance systems, and many more. In such a resource-constrained environment, sensors are more vulnerable to malicious attacks. Node authentication and secure communication is one of the vital issues in UWSNs. In this study, a secure and lightweight key management framework for UWSNs is proposed. The proposed framework includes key generation, key distribution, revocation, and authentication mechanisms along with lightweight implementation, and scalability. We use an elliptic curve-based algorithm for key distribution, and certificate revocation list (CRL) for key revocation. We also examine the performance of the proposed framework taking into account the amount of communication overhead as well as the level of security. The simulation results show that the proposed framework provides better security with l...

In this paper we introduce R-CARP, a reputation based channel aware routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). While many routing protocols have been proposed for UASNs, solutions to secure routing protocols from attacks such as sinkhole attack and selective forwarding are still overlooked. These routing attacks can dramatically disrupt network performance, especially in some application scenarios such as homeland security and critical infrastructure monitoring, where a high reliability on message delivery is required. Designing secure and reliable protocols for UASNs is particularly challenging due to acoustic modems unique characteristics such as low bandwidth and bit rate, high propagation delays and high energy consumption when in transmit mode. The aim of this work is therefore to propose R-CARP, a secure and reliable routing protocol tailored to such communication constrained environment. R-CARP is an improved version of CARP, the channel aware routing protocol presented in [5], enriched with a reputation based mechanism to contrast malicious node behavior. To secure R-CARP we employ BLS, a short digital signature algorithm, exploiting its aggregation property to reduce the additional communication overhead. By means of simulation based performance evaluation, we show that, under attack, R-CARP is effective at bypassing malicious nodes and outperforms CARP in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR) and energy per bit (EPB) by a factor of up to 2, at the cost of a slight increment in terms of latency.

2013 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), 2013

Under-Water Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) are a particular class of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in which sensors are located, as the name suggests, underwater. Applications of UWSNs range from oceanographic data collection to disaster prevention. UWSNs are vulnerable to attacks and because of their idiosyncrasies, security solutions for ground WSNs might not be applicable underwater. As a result, there is a need for mechanisms exclusively tailored to underwater environments. In this work we address the problem of authentication in UWSNs. We evaluate energy costs for different digital signature schemes for end-to-end authentication and discuss the tradeoffs involved in a number of scenarios. Our results show that schemes that perform well in ground WSN do not necessarily do well in UWSNs; and shed light on characteristics of a digital signature scheme that make them particularly suited to underwater networks.

IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2019

With the growing use of underwater acoustic communications (UWAC) for both industrial and military operations, there is a need to ensure communication security. A particular challenge is represented by underwater acoustic networks (UWANs), which are often left unattended over long periods of time. Currently, due to physical and performance limitations, UWAC packets rarely include encryption, leaving the UWAN exposed to external attacks faking legitimate messages. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for message authentication in a UWAN setting. We begin by observing that, due to the strong spatial dependency of the underwater acoustic channel, an attacker can attempt to mimic the channel associated with the legitimate transmitter only for a small set of receivers, typically just for a single one. Taking this into account, our scheme relies on trusted nodes that independently help a sink node in the authentication process. For each incoming packet, the sink fuses beliefs evaluated by the trusted nodes to reach an authentication decision. These beliefs are based on estimated statistical channel parameters, chosen to be the most sensitive to the transmitterreceiver displacement. Our simulation results show accurate identification of an attacker's packet. We also report results from a sea experiment demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.

Turkish J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., 2020

Recently, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have gained wide attention due to their numerous applications in underwater surveillance, oil leakage detection, assisted navigation, and disaster prevention. With unique characteristics like increased propagation delay, constant mobility of sensor nodes, high error rate, and limitations in energy and interference, efficient routing of data packets from the source node to the destination is a major challenge in UASNs. Most of the protocols proposed for traditional sensor networks do not work well in UASNs. Although many protocols have been specifically proposed for underwater environments, the aim of most of them is to improve only the quality of service (QoS) in the network. The security of the transmitted data, energy efficiency of the participating nodes, and handling of communication voids are three significant challenges that need to be adequately addressed in UASNs. In this research work, a secure and energy-efficient oppor...

UWSN are attracting researchers in terrestrial radio-based sensor network development in order to monitor the events such as contaminants, marine life and intruders via acoustic modems and report it in a realtime medium through radio or wireless communication. In this, changes in ocean currents, weak reliability and wormhole attack are the major challenges in underwater sensor network. Although Multipath communication coupled by Forward Error Correction and localization for wormhole attack provides high performance for USNs, still there is false alarms and low probability of successful recovery of received packets in destination node, which in turn becomes a major problems for reliability and accuracy. In this paper Hamming code based segment combination and localization based wormhole attack has been proposed to prevent and helps to attain secure and efficient way of communication in acoustic modems in UWSN's. -152 © IAEME 146 navigation and report to the nearby data analytics centre. UWSN face variety of challenges as the sensor have deep difference between the underwater and the terrestrial radio propagation environment and the major reason is whether the terrestrial radio propagation can be reused for the underwater communication.

2017

Underwater wireless communication systems are especially helpless against malicious assaults because of the high piece blunder rates, variable spread deferrals, and low data transfer capacity of acoustic channels. The one of kind qualities of the submerged acoustic communication channel and the contrasts between underwater sensor networks and their ground-based partners require the improvement of proficient and dependable security components. In this article, a total overview of security for UWCNs is introduced, and the exploration challenges for secure communication in this condition are outlined.

IEEE Access

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for exploration of underwater resources. Security plays an important role in the UWSNs environment because the environment of UWSNs is prone to different security attacks. This research proposes SEECR: Secure Energy Efficient and Cooperative Routing protocol for UWSNs. SEECR comprised of energy efficient and strong defense mechanism for combatting attacks in underwater environment. SEECR exploits cooperative routing for enhancing the performance of network. Considering the resource constrained UWSNs environment minimum computation is employed for implementing security so that SEECR remains suitable for underwater environment. In order to evaluate the performance of SEECR, this research compares the performance of SEECR with AMCTD: Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-optimized DBR-a well-known routing protocol for UWSNs environment. The performance of SEECR and AMCTD protocols are evaluated using different performance evaluation parameters such as number of alive nodes, transmission loss, throughput, energy tax and end-to-end delay. The results suggest an improved performance of SEECR over AMCTD. SEECR shows an improvement of 9% in terms of number of alive nodes, over 50% reduction in terms of transmission loss, up to 9% increase in throughput, up to 23% reduction in energy tax, and 25% reduction in end-to-end delay. Further, we observe that attack significantly degrades the performance of AMCTD whereas due to the embedded defense mechanism in SEECR the impact of attack is negligible.

The planet earth is covered with 70 to 75% of water and underwater much marine life is being living and surviving a life. Underwater Wireless sensor network has been also implemented under water from which many challenges occurs in transmission of the monitored data of under water hazards or can be said the disaster which is being to be occurs by the remotely access system and users of marine life as well as acoustic. In this paper, there is summarized key applications architecture and challenges in implementing the UWSN devices and an overview of this latest technology along with its research challenges and enhancing function.

Sustainability

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are comprised of sensor nodes that are deployed under the water having limited battery power and other limited resources. Applications of UWSNs include monitoring the quality of the water, mine detection, environment monitoring, military surveillance, disaster prediction, and underwater navigation. UWSNs are more vulnerable to security attacks as compared to their counterparts such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The possible attacks in UWSNs can abrupt the operation of entire network. This research work presents the analysis of relevant research done on security-based schemes in UWSNs. The security-based schemes are categorized into five sub-categories. Each technique in each category is analyzed in detail. The major contribution in each security-based scheme along with technique used, possible future research issues and implementation tool are discussed in detail. The open research issues and future trends identified and presented in...