Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction
Previous Work
Method
The Finite Volume Method
Solution Procedure
Results
Conclusion
Limitations
Future Work
References
All Topics
Computer Science
Algorithms and Data Structures

Visual simulation of shockwaves

Profile image of Ming C. LinMing C. Lin

2009, Graphical Models /graphical Models and Image Processing /computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing

Abstract

We present an efficient method for visual simulations of shock phenomena in compressible, inviscid fluids. Our algorithm is derived from one class of the finite volume method especially designed for capturing shock propagation, but offers improved efficiency through physically-based simplification and adaptation for graphical rendering. Our technique is well suited for parallel implementation on multicore architectures and is also capable of handling complex, bidirectional object-shock interactions stably and robustly. We describe its applications to various visual effects, including explosion, sonic booms and turbulent flows. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism G.1.8 [Mathematics of Computing]: Partial Differential Equations Physically correct methods for shockwave modeling focus less on conventional metrics of accuracy (such as order of convergence) and emphasize the ability to propagate discontinuities stably and with minimal diffusion. Specifically, techniques based on the finite volume method (FVM) have been developed that handle discontinuities well and al-

Related papers

A Visual Model For Blast Waves and Francture
Michael Neff

Graphics Interface, 1999

The expense, danger, planning and precision required to create explosions suggests that the computational vi- sual modelling of explosions is worthwhile. However, the short time scale at which explosions occur, and their sheer complexity, poses a difficult modelling challenge. After describing the basic phenomenology of explosion events, we present an efficient computational model of isotropic blast wave transport and an

View PDFchevron_right
Processing of high-speed videos of shock wave boundary layer interactions
Samee Maharjan

Signal, Image and Video Processing

This paper presents a framework for processing high-speed videos recorded during gas experiments in a shock tube. The main objective is to study boundary layer interactions of reflected shock waves in an automated way, based on image processing. The shock wave propagation was recorded at a frame rate of 500,000 frames per second with a Kirana high-speed camera. Each high-speed video consists of 180 frames, with image size [$$768 \times 924$$ 768 × 924 ] pixels. An image processing framework was designed to track the wave front in each image and thereby estimate: (a) the shock position; (b) position of triple point; and (c) shock angle. The estimated shock position and shock angle were then used as input for calculating the pressure exerted by the shock. To validate our results, the calculated pressure was compared with recordings from pressure transducers. With the proposed framework, we were able to identify and study shock wave properties that occurred within less than $$300\, \up...

View PDFchevron_right
Three-dimensional Cartesian grid method for the simulations of flows with shock waves in the domains with varying boundaries
Pavel S . Utkin

International Journal of Computational Methods. – 2020. – Paper 2050046. – 20 P., 2020

This paper is devoted to the development and quantitative evaluation of the properties of the numerical algorithm of the Cartesian grid method for three-dimensional (3D) simulation of shock-wave propagation in areas of varying shape. The detailed description of the algorithm is presented. The algorithm is relatively simple to implement and does not require solving the problem of determination of the shape of the body's boundary intersection with regular computational cell. The accuracy of the algorithm is demonstrated by comparing the simulated and experimental data in the problems of the interaction of a shock wave (SW) with a nonmoving sphere and a moving particle.

View PDFchevron_right
A Visual Model For Blast Waves and Fracture
Michael Neff

1999

The expense, danger, planning and precision required to create explosions suggests that the computational visual modelling of explosions is worthwhile. However, the short time scale at which explosions occur, and their sheer complexity, poses a difficult modelling challenge. After describing the basic phenomenology of explosion events, we present an efficient computational model of isotropic blast wave transport and an algorithm for fracturing objects in their wake. Our model is based on the notion of a blast curve that gives the force-loading profile of an explosive material on an object as a function of distance from the explosion's centre. We also describe a technique for fracturing materials loaded by a blast. Our approach is based on the notion of rapid fracture: that microfractures in a material together with loading forces seed a fracturing process that quickly spreads across the material and causes it to fragment.

View PDFchevron_right
An Efficient 3D, Implicit Scheme for Free-Surface Flow Calculation with Shockwaves
Thanasis Klonidis

This paper refers to the development of a moving grid implicit finite-volume numerical scheme capable of simulating 3D, steady, free-surface flows in irregular geometry channels with shockwave presence. The Navier-Stokes equations are used together with pseudo-compressibility technique to allow direct calculation of the pressure from the continuity equation. The position of the free-surface is determined by applying a moving boundary condition through the inclusion of the two-dimensional depth-averaged mass continuity equation. To improve the stability and accuracy of the model a new technique is introduced based on the use of two nested iteration steps. All of the mentioned equations are transformed into non-orthogonal body-fitted coordinate system to enable accurate representation of irregular geometries. The resulting numerical model is used to simulate super-critical free-surface flows including discontinuous flow featured with shock waves. The comparisons are satisfactory.

View PDFchevron_right
Comparison of kinetic and continuum approaches for simulation of shock wave/boundary layer interaction
Gennady Markelov, I. Graur

Shock Waves, 2003

The present paper, which is a collaboration between three different research groups, analyzes the efficiency of various numerical approaches to describe the complex problem of shock wave/boundary layer interaction. Computations were carried out based on a kinetic approach (Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method) and on two continuum approaches (Navier-Stokes equations and quasigasdynamic equations), which are validated by comparison with experimental results obtained in the R5Ch blowdown Hypersonic Wind Tunnel in ONERA. The influence of the slip boundary conditions for two continuum approaches are also studied. The results obtained by all models display the good prediction of the main structure of the flow and the levels of the flux coefficients are very close to those measured. The implementation of the slip boundary condition for the continuum approaches improves the agreement with the experimental data.

View PDFchevron_right
Massively Parallel Simulation Of Shock/boundary-Layer Interactions
Mike Ashworth

2000

Massively parallel direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent flows, including shock/boundary-layerinteractions (SBLI), has been carried out in this study. The code uses high order central finite differences for evaluating spatial derivatives in the 3D compressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations and explicit multi-stage Runge-Kutta algorithm for the time advancement. To detect discontinuities a shock-capturing method of the total variation diminishing (TVD) family, combined with the artificial compression method (ACM), is employed. Some recently developed techniques like entropy splitting of Euler terms and stable boundary treatment are also implemented. The code has been parallelized using the message passing interface (MPI) library and demonstrated its capability to achieve an efficient simulation. Validations have been carried out on a wide range of flow problems, including some well-documented channel and boundary-layer flows. A simulation has been carried out for a viscous flow over a curved bump, a configuration with simple geometry but exhibiting complicated flow physics, in which a shock wave appears under certain flow conditions and the flow separates due to strong adverse pressure gradients and shock/boundary-layer interactions. Simulation results are given and comparisons with theory and existing DNS data are promising.

View PDFchevron_right
Treatment and visual analysis of numerical simulation of supersonic flows with extensive output after parallel calculation
Boris Rybakin

2015

The present contribution is aimed at numerical modeling and graphic post-processing of data obtained in simulation of three-dimensional hypersonic flow initiated by strong shock wave oncoming on molecular cloud and interaction detailing. Investigations and simulation of supernova explosions and wave processes extended outside by means of cosmic wind have important role in developing of ISM description methods. Numerical solution of task was performed on multicore computers. To increase the prediction quality about billion cell calculation grids were approved. The outlet dataflow after detailed simulation is very extensive. Information treatment for high gradient zones near shock envelopes demand from spectator facility to use the proper visualization tools, first of all an extensive volume or surface rendering, fast tracing of streamlines and surface paths. It is essential to understand the dynamic changeable structure and flow peculiarities to avoid any misunderstanding or artifact...

View PDFchevron_right
Numerical Analysis of Shock Wave Diffraction
Arnab Chaudhuri

31st International Symposium on Shock Waves 1, 2019

This work reports analysis of complex shockwave diffraction and long-time behavior of shock-vortex dynamics over splitter geometry encountered in both external and internal compressible flows. The simulation resolved the experimental findings of literature and the insight of the flow topology is being presented with the probability density functions (PDFs) of various contributing terms of enstrophy transport equation and the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor. We use an artificial viscosity (AV) based explicit Discontinuous Spectral Element Method (DSEM) based compressible flow solver for this purpose. The numerical scheme utilizes entropy generation based artificial viscosity and thermal conductivity to simulate the conservative form of the governing compressible flow equations. A shock sensor based switch is used to reduce the addition of AV coefficients in rotationdominated regions. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of a chapter published in ISSW 2017: 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves.

View PDFchevron_right
On generation and convergence of polygonal-shaped shock waves
Nicholas Apazidis

Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1996

A process of generation and convergence of shock waves of arbitrary form and strength in a confined chamber is investigated theoretically. The chamber is a cylinder with a specifically chosen form of boundary. Numerical calculations of reflection and convergence of cylindrical shock waves in such a chamber filled with fluid are performed. The numerical scheme is similar to the numerical procedure introduced by Henshaw et al. (1986) and is based on a modified form of Whitham's theory of geometrical shock dynamics (1957, 1959). The technique used in Whitham (1968) for treating a shock advancing into a uniform flow is modified to account for non-uniform conditions ahead of the advancing wave front. A new result, that shocks of arbitrary polygonal shapes may be generated by reflection of cylindrical shocks off a suitably chosen reflecting boundary, is shown. A study is performed showing the evolution of the shock front's shape and Mach number distribution. Comparisons are made w...

View PDFchevron_right

References (32)

  1. ADAMS B., PAULY M., KEISER R., GUIBAS L. J.: Adaptively sampled particle fluids. In ACM SIGGRAPH '07 (New York, NY, USA, 2007), ACM, p. 48.
  2. BATTY C., BERTAILS F., BRIDSON R.: A fast varia- tional framework for accurate solid-fluid coupling. In ACM SIG- GRAPH '07 (2007).
  3. BRIDSON R., FEDKIW R., MULLER-FISCHER M.: Fluid simulation: Siggraph 2006 course notes. In ACM SIG- GRAPH '06 Courses (New York, NY, USA, 2006), ACM Press, pp. 1-87.
  4. Bullet Physics Library. http://www. bulletphysics.com/.
  5. COURANT R., FRIEDRICHS K., LEWY H.: Über die partiellen differenzengleichungen der mathematischen physik. Mathematische Annalen 100, 1 (1928), 32-74.
  6. CFL * 07] CHENTANEZ N., FELDMAN B. E., LABELLE F., O'BRIEN J. F., SHEWCHUK J. R.: Liquid simulation on lattice- based tetrahedral meshes. In SCA '07: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer an- imation (Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, 2007), Euro- graphics Association, pp. 219-228.
  7. CHENTANEZ N., GOKTEKIN T. G., FELDMAN B. E., O'BRIEN J. F.: Simultaneous coupling of fluids and de- formable bodies. In SCA '06: Proeedings of the 2006 ACM SIG- GRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation (New York, NY, USA, 2006), ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
  8. CARLSON M., MUCHA P. J., TURK G.: Rigid fluid: animating the interplay between rigid bodies and fluid. ACM Trans. Graph. 23, 3 (2004), 377-384.
  9. ETK * 07] ELCOTT S., TONG Y., KANSO E., SCHRÖDER P., DESBRUN M.: Stable, circulation-preserving, simplicial fluids. ACM Trans. Graph. 26, 1 (2007), 4.
  10. FOSTER N., FEDKIW R.: Practical animation of liquids. In ACM SIGGRAPH '01 (New York, NY, USA, 2001), ACM Press, pp. 23-30.
  11. FOSTER N., METAXAS D.: Realistic animation of liq- uids. Graph. Models Image Process. 58, 5 (1996), 471-483.
  12. FELDMAN B. E., O'BRIEN J. F., ARIKAN O.: Ani- mating suspended particle explosions. In ACM SIGGRAPH '03 (New York, NY, USA, 2003), ACM, pp. 708-715.
  13. FELDMAN B. E., O'BRIEN J. F., KLINGNER B. M.: Animating gases with hybrid meshes. In ACM SIGGRAPH '05 (New York, NY, USA, 2005), ACM Press, pp. 904-909.
  14. FEDKIW R., SAPIRO G., SHU C.-W.: Shock capturing, level sets and PDE based methods in computer vision and image processing: A review on Osher's contribution. J. Comput. Phys., 185 (2003), 309-341.
  15. GENEVAUX O., HABIBI A., DISCHLER J.-M.: Sim- ulating fluid-solid interaction. In Proc. Graphics Interface '03 (2003).
  16. GUENELMAN E., SELLE A., LOSASSO F., FEDKIW R.: Coupling water and smoke to thin deformable and rigid shells. In ACM SIGGRAPH '05 (New York, NY, USA, 2005), ACM Press, pp. 973-981.
  17. KLINGNER B. M., FELDMAN B. E., CHENTANEZ N., O'BRIEN J. F.: Fluid animation with dynamic meshes. In ACM SIGGRAPH '06 (New York, NY, USA, 2006), ACM Press, pp. 820-825.
  18. LEVEQUE R. J.: Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems. Cambgridge University Press, New York, 2002.
  19. LOSASSO F., GIBOU F., FEDKIW R.: Simulating water and smoke with an octree data structure. In ACM SIGGRAPH '04 (New York, NY, USA, 2004), ACM Press, pp. 457-462.
  20. LAX P., WENDROFF B.: Systems of conservation laws. Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 13 (1960), 217-237.
  21. MÜLLER M., CHARYPAR D., GROSS M.: Particle- based fluid simulation for interactive applications. In SCA '03: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation (Aire-la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, 2003), Eurographics Association, pp. 154-159.
  22. MAZARAK O., MARTINS C., AMANATIDES J.: An- imating exploding objects. In Proc. Graphics Interface '99 (Wellesley, MA, USA, 1999), AK Peters, pp. 211-218.
  23. NEFF M., FIUME F.: A visual model for blast waves and fracture. In Proc. Graphics Interface '99 (Wellesley, MA, USA, 1999), AK Peters, pp. 193-202.
  24. OpenMP Version 2.5 Specification, May 2005. http://www.openmp.org/drupal/mp-documents/ spec25.pdf.
  25. ROE P.: Approximate Riemann solvers, parameter vec- tors, and difference schemes. J Comput. Phys., 43 (1981), 357- 372.
  26. SEWALL J., MECKLENBURG P., MITRAN S., LIN M.: Fast fluid simulation using residual distribution schemes. In Eurographics Workshop on Natural Phenomena 2007 (Aire- la-Ville, Switzerland, Switzerland, 2007), Eurographics Associa- tion, pp. 47-54.
  27. SELLE A., RASMUSSEN N., FEDKIW R.: A vortex par- ticle method for smoke, water and explosions. In ACM SIG- GRAPH '05 (2005), pp. 910-914.
  28. STAM J.: Stable fluids. In Siggraph 1999, Computer Graphics Proceedings (Los Angeles, 1999), Rockwood A., (Ed.), Addison Wesley Longman, pp. 121-128.
  29. VAN LEER B.: Towards the ultimate conservative differ- ence scheme iv. J. Comp. Phys., 22 (1977), 276-299.
  30. V-Ray. http://www.chaosgroup.com/en/2/ vray.html.
  31. WENDT J., BAXTER W., OGUZ I., LIN M.: Finite- volume flow simulations in arbitrary domains. Graphical Models 69, 1 (2007), 19-32.
  32. YNGVE G. D., O'BRIEN J. F., HODGINS J. K.: Animating explosions. In ACM SIGGRAPH '00 (New York, NY, USA, 2000), ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., pp. 29-36.

Related papers

Generation and visualisation of some complex shock wave interactions
Beric Skews

Experiments in Fluids, 2007

There are a number of complex compressible flow fields, many containing a variety of features, that require special treatment in order to establish the true geometry in both a spatial and temporal sense. In order to make visual interpretation easier it may be necessary to compare images obtained using different techniques, or to extract salient features to simplify presentation. In this paper we deal with a combination of various techniques such as interferometry, shadow and schlieren imaging, coupled with CFD and surface reconstruction in virtual space, for a variety of shock wave studies.

View PDFchevron_right
Flow visualization of shock/water column interactions
Shen Liang

Shock Waves, 2008

ABSTRACT The breakup of a liquid droplet induced by a high speed gas stream is a typical multiphase flow problem. The shock/droplet interaction is the beginning stage of the droplet breakup. Therefore, investigation of the shock/droplet interactions would be a milestone for interpreting the mechanism of the droplet breakup. In this study, a compressible multiphase solver with a five-equation model is successfully developed to study shock/water column interactions. For code validation, interface-only, gas–gas shock tube, and gas–liquid shock tube problems are first computed. Subsequently, a planar shock wave interacting with a water column is simulated. The transmitted wave and the alternative appearances of local high- and low-pressure regions inside the water column are observed clearly. Finally, a planar shock wave interacting with two water columns is investigated. In this work, both horizontal and vertical arrangements of two water columns are studied. It is found that different arrangements can result in the diversity of the interacting process. The complex flow structures generated by shock/water column interactions are presented by flow-visualization techniques.

View PDFchevron_right
Numerical simulations of interactions between shock wave and gas-liquid-air interfaces
jerome helie

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010

A gas-liquid-air model and problems of interactions between the shock wave and the interfaces during the expansion process are rather familiar in the study of liquid explosive dispersal and underwater explosion near air-water surface. It involves large density discontinuity and large pressure gradient at the same time which brings difficulties for the numerical simulations. In this paper, we use the level-set methods to capture the interface and the modified ghost fluid method (MGFM) to treat the interface conditions. Strong shockinterface interactions and influences of the disturbance on the two interfaces are investigated. The initial fragmentation of the liquid is studied based on the analyses of the fluid pressure distribution and the variation of the interface, combining the conditions of the cavitations occurrence in the liquids.

View PDFchevron_right
Computational study of shock waves propagating through air-plastic-water interfaces
Mauricio del Razo

Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society, New Series, 2016

The following study is motivated by experimental studies in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent research has demonstrated that low intensity non-impact blast wave exposure frequently leads to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); however, the mechanisms connecting the blast waves and the mTBI remain unclear. Collaborators at the Seattle VA Hospital are doing experiments to understand how blast waves can produce mTBI. In order to gain insight that is hard to obtain by experimental means, we have developed conservative finite volume methods for interface-shock wave interaction to simulate these experiments. A 1D model of their experimental setup has been implemented using Euler equations for compressible fluids. These equations are coupled with a Tammann equation of state (EOS) that allows us to model compressible gas along with almost incompressible fluids or elastic solids. A hybrid HLLC-exact Eulerian-Lagrangian Riemann solver for Tammann EOS with a jump in the parameters has been developed. The model has shown that if the plastic interface is very thin, it can be neglected. This result might be very helpful to model more complicated setups in higher dimensions.

View PDFchevron_right
Animating explosions
Gary Yngve

Proceedings of the 27th annual …, 2000

In this paper, we introduce techniques for animating explosions and their effects. The primary effect of an explosion is a disturbance that causes a shock wave to propagate through the surrounding medium. This disturbance determines the behavior of nearly all other secondary effects seen in explosions. We simulate the propagation of an explosion through the surrounding air using a computational fluid dynamics model based on the equations for compressible, viscous flow. To model the numerically stable formation of shocks along blast wave fronts, we employ an integration method that can handle steep pressure gradients without introducing inappropriate damping. The system includes two-way coupling between solid objects and surrounding fluid. Using this technique, we can generate a variety of effects including shaped explosive charges, a projectile propelled from a chamber by an explosion, and objects damaged by a blast. With appropriate rendering techniques, our explosion model can be used to create such visual effects as fireballs, dust clouds, and the refraction of light caused by a blast wave.

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Computer Science
  • Parallel Algorithms
  • Animation
  • Graphical Models
  • Fluid Simulation
  • Finite Volume Method
  • Physics based Modeling
    • 580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved