Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2017

The number of elderly and chronically ill patients has grown significantly over the past few decades as life expectancy has increased worldwide, leading to increased demands on the health care system and significantly taxing traditional health care practices. Consequently, there is an urgent need to use technology to innovate and more constantly and intensely monitor, report and analyze critical patient physiological parameters beyond conventional clinical settings in a more efficient and cost effective manner. This paper presents a technological platform called PlaIMoS which consists of wearable sensors, a fixed measurement station, a network infrastructure that employs IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.11 to transmit data with security mechanisms, a server to analyze all information collected and apps for iOS, Android and Windows 10 mobile operating systems to provide real-time measurements. The developed architecture, designed primarily to record and report electrocardiogram and heart r...

Energies

One of the most important techniques for energy harvesting is the clean energy collection from the ambient vibration. Piezoelectric energy harvesting systems became a hot topic in the literature and attracted most researchers. The reason behind this attraction is that piezoelectric materials are a simple structure and provide a higher power density among other mechanisms (electromagnetic and electrostatic). The aim of this manuscript is to succinctly review and present the state of the art of different existing vibrational applications utilizing piezoelectric energy harvesting technique. Meanwhile, the main concentration is harvesting energy from a vehicle suspension system. There is a significant amount of dissipated energy from the suspension dampers that is worthy of being harvested. Different mathematical car models with their experimental setup are presented, discussed, and compared. The piezoelectric material can be mounted in different locations such as suspension springs, da...

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2018

Recent technological advancement in wireless communication has led to the invention of wireless body area networks (WBANs), a cutting-edge technology in healthcare applications. WBANs interconnect with intelligent and miniaturized biomedical sensor nodes placed on human body to an unattended monitoring of physiological parameters of the patient. These sensors are equipped with limited resources in terms of computation, storage, and battery power. The data communication in WBANs is a resource hungry process, especially in terms of energy. One of the most significant challenges in this network is to design energy efficient next-hop node selection framework. Therefore, this paper presents a green communication framework focusing on an energy aware link efficient routing approach for WBANs (ELR-W). Firstly, a link efficiency-oriented network model is presented considering beaconing information and network initialization process. Secondly, a path cost calculation model is derived focusin...

International journal of bipolar disorders, 2016

The delivery of psychiatric care is changing with a new emphasis on integrated care, preventative measures, population health, and the biological basis of disease. Fundamental to this transformation are big data and advances in the ability to analyze these data. The impact of big data on the routine treatment of bipolar disorder today and in the near future is discussed, with examples that relate to health policy, the discovery of new associations, and the study of rare events. The primary sources of big data today are electronic medical records (EMR), claims, and registry data from providers and payers. In the near future, data created by patients from active monitoring, passive monitoring of Internet and smartphone activities, and from sensors may be integrated with the EMR. Diverse data sources from outside of medicine, such as government financial data, will be linked for research. Over the long term, genetic and imaging data will be integrated with the EMR, and there will be mo...

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

A wireless sensor network is a sensing system composed of a few or thousands of sensor nodes. These nodes, however, are powered by internal batteries, which cannot be recharged or replaced, and have a limited lifespan. Traditional two-tier networks with one sink node are thus vulnerable to communication gaps caused by nodes dying when their battery power is depleted. In such cases, some nodes are disconnected with the sink node because intermediary nodes on the transmission path are dead. Energy load balancing is a technique for extending the lifespan of node batteries, thus preventing communication gaps and extending the network lifespan. However, while energy conservation is important, strategies that make the best use of available energy are also important. To decrease transmission energy cost and prolong network lifespan, a three-tier wireless sensor network is proposed, in which the first level is the sink node and the third-level nodes communicate with the sink node via the se...

Light, science & applications, 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) employs a large number of spatially distributed wireless sensors to monitor physical environments, e.g., temperature, humidity, and air pressure, and has many applications, including environmental monitoring, health care monitoring, smart cities, and precision agriculture. A wireless sensor can collect, analyze, and transmit measurements of its environment. Currently, wireless sensors used in the IoT are predominately based on electronic devices that may suffer from electromagnetic interference in many circumstances. Being immune to the electromagnetic interference, optical sensors provide a significant advantage in harsh environments. Furthermore, by introducing optical resonance to enhance light-matter interactions, optical sensors based on resonators exhibit small footprints, extreme sensitivity, and versatile functionalities, which can significantly enhance the capability and flexibility of wireless sensors. Here we provide the first demonstration of...

Sensors

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) form an important part of industrial application. There has been growing interest in the potential use of WSNs in applications such as environment monitoring, disaster management, health care monitoring, intelligence surveillance and defence reconnaissance. In these applications, the sensor nodes (SNs) are envisaged to be deployed in sizeable numbers in an outlying area, and it is quite difficult to replace these SNs after complete deployment in many scenarios. Therefore, as SNs are predominantly battery powered devices, the energy consumption of the nodes must be properly managed in order to prolong the network lifetime and functionality to a rational time. Different energy-efficient and energy-balanced routing protocols have been proposed in literature over the years. The energy-efficient routing protocols strive to increase the network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption in each SN. On the other hand, the energy-balanced routing protocols protract the network lifetime by uniformly balancing the energy consumption among the nodes in the network. There have been various survey papers put forward by researchers to review the performance and classify the different energy-efficient routing protocols for WSNs. However, there seems to be no clear survey emphasizing the importance, concepts, and principles of load-balanced energy routing protocols for WSNs. In this paper, we provide a clear picture of both the energy-efficient and energy-balanced routing protocols for WSNs. More importantly, this paper presents an extensive survey of the different state-of-the-art energy-efficient and energy-balanced routing protocols. A taxonomy is introduced in this paper to classify the surveyed energy-efficient and energy-balanced routing protocols based on their proposed mode of communication towards the base station (BS). In addition, we classified these routing protocols based on the solution types or algorithms, and the input decision variables defined in the routing algorithm. The strengths and weaknesses of the choice of the decision variables used in the design of these energy-efficient and energy-balanced routing protocols are emphasised. Finally, we suggest possible research directions in order to optimize the energy consumption in sensor networks.

2013

In the last decade refractometric sensors have attracted an increasing interest by the scientific community due to their ability to perform ambient monitoring, to assess food quality and safety, and also to the fact that they enable the development of label free sensors in the biomedical area. These advances result, namely, from the use of long period fibre gratings in the turning points and/or with thin films in the transition region that allows resolutions of 10 −6 to changes in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. Resolutions exceeding 10 −8 can also be achieved when long period fibre gratings are combined with evanescent field based devices. This paper reviews the recent path towards the development of ultrahigh sensitive optical fibre refractometric sensors.

2016

The use of wireless sensor networks in healthcare has the potential to enhance the services provided to citizens. In particular, they play an important role in the development of state-of-the-art patient monitoring applications. Nevertheless, due to the critical nature of the data conveyed by such patient monitoring applications, they have to fulfil high standards of quality of service in order to obtain the confidence of all players in the healthcare industry. In such context, vis-à-vis the quality of service being provided by the wireless sensor network, this work presents an adaptive and context-aware method to detect and classify performance degradation events. The proposed method has the ability to catch the most significant and damaging variations on the metrics being used to quantify the quality of service provided by the network without overreacting to small and innocuous variations on the metric's value.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2014

In the new era of connectivity, marked by the explosive number of wireless electronic devices and the need for smart and pervasive applications, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications are an emerging technology that enables the seamless device interconnection without the need of human interaction. The use of M2M technology can bring to life a wide range of mHealth applications, with considerable benefits for both patients and healthcare providers. Many technological challenges have to be met, however, to ensure the widespread adoption of mHealth solutions in the future. In this context, we aim to provide a comprehensive survey on M2M systems for mHealth applications from a wireless communication perspective. An end-to-end holistic approach is adopted, focusing on different communication aspects of the M2M architecture. Hence, we first provide a systematic review ofWireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), which constitute the enabling technology at the patient's side, and then discu...

Handbook of Medical and Healthcare Technologies, 2013

Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2017 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, 2017

Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services

While the population is aging the role of information and communication technology (ICT) has grown in elderly care. This development has brought versatile ICT-related supportive systems to professionals and laymen working with aging people. The current study analyzed how professionals in elderly care perceived their workflow challenges before new ICT is developed and implemented to support their work. The results of this study are set to inform the design of a novel ICT system for a sheltered care home.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2018

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas, and environmental pollutant. Its detection and control in residential and industrial environments are necessary in order to avoid potentially severe health problems in humans. In this review paper, we discuss the importance of furthering research in CO sensing technologies for finding the proper material with low-range detection ability in very optimum condition. We build our discussion through the perspective of a cyber-physical system (CPS) modeling framework, because it provides a comprehensive framework to model and develop automated solutions for detection and control of poisonous chemical compounds, such as the CO. The most effective CO sensors, then, can be used in CPS network to provide a pathway for real-time monitoring and control in both industrial and household environment. In this paper, first, we discuss the necessity of CO detection, the proposal of a basic CPS framework for modeling and system development, how the CPS-CO model can...

Virtual and Mobile Healthcare

Health monitoring is emerging topic in recent era for safety and healthy public life in remote place. In health monitoring system, sensor devices have major role to collect data, communication and analysis the data for real time applications, such as automation of old-age home, industry, ICU, etc. It can measure different parameters of the body through different physiological body sensors. The body sensors can be used to sense the data from the body and send to the remote system for analysis. The condition of the health of a body can be analyzed and monitor remotely by using concept of body sensors in health monitoring system through different communication media, such as WiFi, ZigBee, etc. The parameter values of body can be transmitted to remote data centre with reliability, simplicity, low power, low bandwidth and low cost, in lightweight wireless networks. This may be used in real time application like; emotion and stress analysis, psychological study, physiological study, healt...

Sustainability, 2022

A wireless body area network (WBAN) is a technology that is widely employed in the medical sector. It is a low-cost network that allows for mobility and variation. It can be used for long-distance, semiautonomous remote monitoring without interfering with people’s regular schedules. Detection devices are embedded in the human body in a simple WBAN configuration to continuously screen physiological boundaries or critical pointers. Confidence among shareholders (for example, medical care suppliers, clients, and medical teachers) is recognized as an essential achievement factor for data stream reliability in such an organization. Given the inherent characteristics of remote locations, it is critical to exercise confidence and security when conducting remote comprehension testing. In the present scenario, WBAN has majorly contributed towards healthcare and its application in medical services. Solid correspondence systems are frequently used to address trust and security concerns on WBAN...

Telecommunication Systems, 2015

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 beacon enabled mode provide a deterministic resource allocation offered by the guaranteed time slot (GTS) mechanism which is ideal for real-time traffic applications that requires high quality of service (QoS). In the beacon enabled mode the active and optional inactive period is governed by superframe order (SO) and beacon order (BO). Adapting the duty cycle using the SO and BO is desirable to accommodate the changing context of the WSNs traffic for network optimisation. However, existing approaches assumed a fixed SO and BO and segregate the evaluation of the contention access period and the contention free period that forms the active segment. To improve the performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol in respect of the trade-off between power consumption and end-to-end delay, within a required QoS, a combination of dynamic priorities for traffic differentiation and dynamic duty cycle adaptation in the GTS allocation process are introduced. This work demonstrates that the proposed solution provides significantly better performance than the standard allocation method by simultaneously satisfying QoS and service differ

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 2015

In this paper, the electrical characterization of two different fabric structures elaborated with conductive yarns and several pick densities are investigated in order to evaluate their electrical properties as conductive media of digital electrical signals. The real and imaginary impedance and the signal integrity have been measured for each e-textile. The results show that the impedance depends on the fabric structures and pick density. The eye diagram measurements experimentally demonstrate the functionality of these fabrics to transmit digital electric signals to communicate sensors with microcontrollers in wearable applications.

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 2017

In this paper, we have presented a novel transmission protocol which is suited for battery-powered sensors that are worn by a patient when under medical treatment, and allow constant monitoring of health indices. These body-wearable sensors log data from the patient and transmit the data to a base-station or gateway, via a wireless link at specific intervals. The signal link quality varies because the distance between the patient and the gateway is not fixed. This may lead to packet drops that increase the energy consumption due to repeated retransmission. The proposed novel transmission power control protocol combines a state based adaptive power control (SAPC) algorithm and an intelligent adaptive drop-off algorithm, to track the changes in the link quality, in order to maintain an acceptable Packet success rate (PSR)(~99%). This removes the limitation of the SAPC by making the drop-off rate adaptive. Simulations were conducted to emulate a subject's movement in different physical scenarios-an indoor office environment and an outdoor running track. The simulation results were validated through experiments in which the transmitter, together with the sensor mounted on the subject, and the subject themselves were made to move freely within the communicable range. Results showed that the proposed protocol performs at par with the best performing SAPC corresponding to a fixed drop-off rate value.

Smart Materials Research, 2012

The recent advances in ultralow power device integration, communication electronics, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology have fuelled the emerging technology of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The spatial distributed nature of WSNs often requires that batteries power the individual sensor nodes. One of the major limitations on performance and lifetime of WSNs is the limited capacity of these finite power sources, which must be manually replaced when they are depleted. Moreover, the embedded nature of some of the sensors and hazardous sensing environment make battery replacement very difficult and costly. The process of harnessing and converting ambient energy sources into usable electrical energy is called energy harvesting. Energy harvesting raises the possibility of self-powered systems which are ubiquitous and truly autonomous, and without human intervention for energy replenishment. Among the ambient energy sources such as solar energy, heat, and wind, mechanic...

Science and Engineering Ethics, 2016

Wearable sensors are an integral part of the new telemedicine concept supporting the idea that Information Technologies will improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare. The use of sensors in diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of patients not only potentially changes medical practice but also one's relationship with one's body and mind, as well as the role and responsibilities of patients and healthcare professionals. In this paper, we focus on knowledge assessment of the online communities of Fitbit (a commercial wearable device) and the Quantified Self movement. Through their online forums, we investigate how users' knowledge claims, shared experiences and imaginations about wearable sensors interrogate or confirm the narratives through which they are introduced to the publics. Citizen initiatives like the Quantified Self movement claim the right to 'own' the sensor generated data. But how these data can be used through traditional healthcare systems is an open question. More importantly, wearable sensors trigger a social function that is transformative of the current idea of care and healthcare, focused on sharing, socialising and collectively reflecting about individual problems. Whether this is aligned with current policy making about healthcare, whose central narrative is focused on efficiency and productivity, is to be seen.

Evolutionary Intelligence, 2020

Security, and lifetime enhancement are the two key factors in the field of wireless sensor networks. Since the sensor nodes are placed in critical regions and are irreplaceable, it is essential to improve their lifetime through avoiding the energy consumption unnecessarily. Moreover, it is found that the sensor nodes are easily vulnerable due to their random placement. We propose a cross covered multi-layer architecture with an efficient Mc-Nie security algorithm. Moreover, the details of various attacks are also given in this paper. It is found that the proposed approach is performing well when compared to the recent state-of-the-art approaches. We have considered various parameters such as energy consumption, detecting the attacks, attack detection percentage, packet loss, and packet overhead in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The improvement in energy consumption rate is around 81% when compared to the non-cross covered architecture.

Electronics

Evolution of mobile broadband is ensured by adopting a unified and more capable radio interface (RI). For ubiquitous connectivity among a wide variety of wireless applications, the RI enables the adoption of an adaptive bandwidth with high spectrum flexibility. To this end, the modern-day communication system needs to cater to extremely high bandwidth, starting from below 1 GHz to 100 GHz, based on different deployments. This instigates the creation of a platform called the Internet of Everything (IoE), which is based on the concept of all-round connectivity involving humans to different objects or things via sensors. In simple words, IoE is the intelligent connection of people, processes, data, and things. To enable seamless connectivity, IoE resorts to low-cost, compact, and flexible broadband antennas, RFID-based sensors, wearable electromagnetic (EM) structures, circuits, wireless body area networks (WBAN), and the integration of these complex elements and systems. IoE needs to ...

Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

Asthma is a chronic illness that causes improper respiratory organ function and breathing problems. Three hundred fifty million people worldwide have bronchial asthma, or one in 12 adults. Self-monitoring is the first step in managing chronic illness. This lets doctors and people monitor and address health conditions in real-time. Telemonitoring is a phrase used in IT to remotely monitor the health of patients who are not in hospitals or medical centers. Wearable medical sensors, such as IoT-based remote asthma and blood pressure sensors, capture real-time information from remotely located patients. The medical information is then transmitted through the Internet for medical diagnosis and therapy. Classical Spirometry measures how effectively a patient's lungs function and requires supervision. We want to support impacted patients; thus, we built a monitoring system. With sensors including heartbeat, dust, temperature, and humidity, the device will collect health-related data an...

Sensors, 2011

Healthcare applications are considered as promising fields for wireless sensor networks, where patients can be monitored using wireless medical sensor networks (WMSNs). Current WMSN healthcare research trends focus on patient reliable communication, patient mobility, and energy-efficient routing, as a few examples. However, deploying new technologies in healthcare applications without considering security makes patient privacy vulnerable. Moreover, the physiological data of an individual are highly sensitive. Therefore, security is a paramount requirement of healthcare applications, especially in the case of patient privacy, if the patient has an embarrassing disease. This paper discusses the security and privacy issues in healthcare application using WMSNs. We highlight some popular healthcare projects using wireless medical sensor networks, and discuss their security. Our aim is to instigate discussion on these critical issues since the success of healthcare application depends directly on patient security and privacy, for ethic as well as legal reasons. In addition, we discuss the issues with existing security mechanisms, and sketch out the important security requirements for such applications. In addition, the paper reviews existing schemes that have been recently proposed to provide security solutions in wireless healthcare scenarios. Finally, the paper ends up with a summary of open security research issues that need to be explored for future healthcare applications using WMSNs.

Sensors, 2014

The first part of this paper reviews the current development and key issues on implantable multi-sensor devices for in vivo theranostics. Afterwards, the authors propose an innovative biomedical multisensory system for in vivo biomarker monitoring that could be suitable for customized theranostics applications. At this point, findings suggest that cross-cutting Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) could improve the overall performance of the system given that the convergence of technologies in nanotechnology, biotechnology, micro&nanoelectronics and advanced materials permit the development of new medical devices of small dimensions, using biocompatible materials, and embedding reliable and targeted biosensors, high speed data communication, and even energy autonomy.

Sensors, 2020

Urban noise is one of the most serious and underestimated environmental problems. According to the World Health Organization, noise pollution from traffic and other human activities, negatively impact the population health and life quality. Monitoring noise usually requires the use of professional and expensive instruments, called phonometers, able to accurately measure sound pressure levels. In many cases, phonometers are human-operated; therefore, periodic fine-granularity city-wide measurements are expensive. Recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) offer a window of opportunities for low-cost autonomous sound pressure meters. Such devices and platforms could enable fine time–space noise measurements throughout a city. Unfortunately, low-cost sound pressure sensors are inaccurate when compared with phonometers, experiencing a high variability in the measurements. In this paper, we present RaveGuard, an unmanned noise monitoring platform that exploits artificial intelligenc...

Human Behavior Understanding in Networked Sensing, 2014

One of the most appealing applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is in human detection and tracking. The aim of these applications is to detect if a person is in an area of interest, and to keep track of his location at every instant of time. In recent years, we have seen a growing interest in the development of proposals for the use of WSNs in detection and tracking applications for healthcare. In the particular case of a patient suffering from dementia, it is very important to detect him and keep track of his location at every time, to avoid that the patient may enter to a zone of risk without supervision. When an event of interest is detected, such as wandering, an action may be taken by sending out a notification to the caregiver personnel. In this chapter, we review the most important proposals regarding the use of WSNs for human detection and tracking in healthcare applications. Moreover, we introduce a model for detection of patients suffering from dementia, based on a WSN that uses binary sensors. The proposed model is able to detect if a patient leaves a secure zone without supervision, and to emit alerts directed to caregivers.

Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal

Researchers have associated agriculture and food processing with adverse environmental impacts like; falls in the underground freshwater table, energy consumption, and high carbon emission. These factors have the worst effect on developing countries. Therefore, there is a need for on-demand food production techniques that require minimum resource utilization. For these reasons, scientists are now focusing their attention on hydroponics. Hydroponics is the process of growing crops without the use of soil. However, different components of the system need to be closely monitored and controlled. In this paper, we compared the performance of an automated hydroponic system using cluster-based wireless sensor networks against a multihop-based one. We used Simponics for the simulation. It is a simulator based on the OMNET++ framework. Simulation results show that both latency and energy overhead of the multihop network increases with the number of nodes. However, they stay constant on a cluster-based network.

Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing, 2018

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are exposed to many security attacks, and it can be easily compromised. One of the main reasons for these vulnerabilities is the deployment nature, where sensor nodes are deployed without physical guarding duty. That makes the network susceptible to physical attacks. The communication nature between sensor nodes is another reason, where intruders can easily send/receive information if they are located in the network communication range. In this paper, most of the possible WSN attacks are discussed, different security services expected in WSN are explained, and trust-based solutions proposed in the literature are listed. Moreover, the state-of-the-art of the attacks’ mitigation and avoidance techniques are presented. Besides, this paper is enriched with a new classification of the WSNs attacks regarding attacks’ characteristics. It will be beneficial to researchers in the field of WSNs security if they can distinguish between different attacks that hav...

Current Obesity Reports, 2015

New and emerging mobile technologies are providing unprecedented possibilities for understanding and intervening on obesity-related behaviors in real time. However, the mobile health (mHealth) field has yet to catch up with the fast-paced development of technology. Current mHealth efforts in weight management still tend to focus mainly on short message systems (SMS) interventions, rather than taking advantage of real-time sensing to develop Just-In-Time, Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs). This paper will give an overview of the current technology landscape for sensing and intervening on three behaviors that are central to weight management; diet, physical activity, and sleep. Then five studies that really dig into the possibilities that these new technologies afford will be showcased. We conclude with a discussion of hurdles that mHealth obesity research has yet to overcome, and a future-facing discussion.

2019

Recent trends in advanced health systems have been evidenced to be fueled by the involvement of wireless technologies. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have an advantage as compared to cellular networks as they are exploitable for scientific purposes due to their auto transmission-enabled multi-hop networks using wireless communication to transmit data anytime, anywhere without any fixed network infrastructure. In this paper, authors assess the relevance of mobile ad hoc networks as an alternative approach to alleviate the impact of chronic diseases in Botswana health systems which are in the SouthEastern District, through the use of better communication and sensing systems for Tele-health and Tele-care Systems.

Sensors, 2017

This work presents an alternative wearable tracking system based on a low-power wide area network. A complete GPS receiver was integrated with a textile substrate, and the latitude and longitude coordinates were sent to the cloud by means of the SIM-less SIGFOX network. To send the coordinates over SIGFOX protocol, a specific codification algorithm was used and a customized UHF antenna on jeans fabric was designed, simulated and tested. Moreover, to guarantee the compliance to international regulations for human body exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the electromagnetic specific absorption rate of this antenna was analyzed. A specific remote server was developed to decode the latitude and longitude coordinates. Once the coordinates have been decoded, the remote server sends this information to the open source data viewer SENTILO to show the location of the sensor node in a map. The functionality of this system has been demonstrated experimentally. The results guarantee the utility and wearability of the proposed tracking system for the development of sensor nodes and point out that it can be a low cost alternative to other commercial products based on GSM networks.

Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 2019

The core objective of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in the livestock industry is monitoring the state and activities of different animals for their well-being. Being energy-constrained, the consumption of these tiny devices needs to be optimized. Several techniques have been developed for making clusters in WSNs. The sensor nodes attached to the animals are mobile and dynamic in nature. Cluster heads (CHs) are selected to manage communication within a cluster. For efficient working of a network, the lifetime of clusters should be longer and there must always be a minimum number of clusters to make a network operational. This paper presents a metaheuristic artificial intelligence technique based on the social behavior of gray wolves to reduce the energy consumption of WSNs in the livestock industry. This nature-inspired clustering algorithm provides the robust and smooth communication for WSNs in the livestock industry. The grid size, energy level, direction, and transmission range are the key parameters used to measure the performance of algorithm. Results are compared with other well-known similar nature-inspired optimization algorithms such as comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization (CLPSO) and ant colony optimization-based clustering (CACONET). The simulation results exhibit the superiority of grey wolf optimizer in energy efficiency, cost effectiveness, and CH selection than CACONET and CLPSO.