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Outline

[In Persian] Gender Approach to Ethics and Challenges Ahead

2025

https://doi.org/10.30470/ER.2024.2027309.1318

Abstract

The sexualization of ethics has been noticed mainly in the last two centuries and mostly by feminists who believe that Western ethics from the time of ancient Greece to the modern period has taken a male or patriarchal approach. At the same time after many feminist criticisms of this approach, not only was the gender perspective of ethics not completely rejected, but alternative approaches were proposed that have new gender strains classified under the five approaches: feminist ethics, female ethics, caring ethics, lesbian ethics and queer ethics. In this article, after introducing and reviewing these five gender approaches and comparing their similarities and differences, some criticisms will be raised about the principle of the gender approach to ethics and the challenges faced. Keywords: Feminist Ethics, Ethics of Care, Female Ethics, Lesbian Ethics, Queer Ethics, Gender Approach. رویکرد جنسیتی به اخلاق و چالش‌های پیش رو جنسیت‌زدگی اخلاق عمدتا در دو قرن اخیر و بیش از همه از سوی فمینیست‌ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته که معتقدند اخلاق غربی از زمان یونان باستان تا دورۀ مدرن، دارای رویکردی مردانه یا مردسالارانه است. درعین‌حال پس از نقدهای فراوان فمینیستی به این رویکرد، نه‌تنها دیدگاه جنسیتی به اخلاق به‌کلی طرد نشد؛ بلکه رویکردهای بدیلی مطرح شد که سویه‌های جدید جنسیتی دارند و می‌توان آنها را ذیل پنج رویکرد «اخلاق فمینیستی (لیبرال)»، «اخلاق زنانه»، «اخلاق مراقبت»، «اخلاق هم‌جنس‌گرایانه» و «اخلاق دگرباشی» تقسیم‌بندی کرد؛ با ذکر این نکته که دو رویکرد اخیر افزون بر سویه‌های جنسیتی بر گرایش جنسی نیز تاکید و تمرکز دارند. در مقالۀ پیش‌رو پس از معرفی و مرور این پنج رویکرد جنسیتی و مقایسۀ شباهت‌ها و تفاوت‌هایشان، ملاحظاتی نقادانه دربارۀ اصل رویکرد جنسیتی به اخلاق و چالش‌های پیش‌روی آن مطرح خواهد شد.

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