13 Power over Information Flow

International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics, 2010

The evolution of the technology and the changes in the organization and control of the critical infrastructures of nations are creating a new combat front. The cases studied in this paper relate to the attack to the information systems and services of Estonia, in May 2007, and Georgia, in August 2008, occurring at the same time as the conventional military operation executed by the Russian Federation's army in the South Ossetia. The Russian Federation has been repeatedly accused of this operations, but the data collected raises doubts and in the second case-study showed the existence of a poorly organized 2 network, related to Russian criminal organizations, supporting the possibility of this being an instance of the Maoist concept of the "People's war". This paper will also show that, despite the unsophisticated resources used in most of the attacks and to promote them, the damages in the selected targets were considerable.

Strategic Impact, 2011

2010

The potential for cyberwarfare is vast and is of concern to all nations, and national security defence. It appears that many countries are actively trying to protect their computer networks, whilst looking for ways that might bring down the networks of other countries, although this is not officially acknowledged. Bringing down another nations computer networks could give the attacking national intelligence and control. These kinds of interactions are now a part of the way in which international relations are played out, and the internet is also a place in which international relations are contested. As such the internet plays a role in the visualisation and articulation of international relations both officially and unofficially, via official pronouncements and the activities of private citizens. What makes the internet different to other media forms is that the internet also represents a space in which international relations are contested in terms of cyber attacks and information...

Journal of Advanced Forensic Sciences, 2021

The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the cyber-attacks on Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine, including tactics, techniques, procedures, and effects. The paper states that none of the models will probably be repeated. The thesis is that cyber-attacks will change as technology changes. In other words, past cyber-attacks operations, particularly in Estonia, Georgia, and Ukraine, are not good predictors of future cyber-attack activity.

PLATFORM: Journal of Media and Communication, 2013

This article seeks to unpack the idea of the automaton as a figure of political dissent within technological networks. The idea of the automaton is that of a body where the concepts of life, agency, and subjectivity are in question; these questions have made the automaton into an important element in the projects of Enlightenment humanism and as an unspoken ele ment in posthumanist examination of the cyborg. The figure of the automaton is an expres sion of Cartesian mindbody dualism that reverses the idea of cogito ergo sum, by questioning the intentionality that lies behind the acts of another body. The body exists, but does it think? This article is not concerned with the idea of the automaton as an object of transcendental dualism, but rather aims to investigate this idea in terms of its immanence within network communication. The automaton is an idea that deliberately complicates the relationship between machines and individuals within a network, without prioritising either perspective. As Alan Turing shows, we cannot predict whether a computer on a net work (or other machine) is being used by a human agent, or whether the machine is simply programmed to act autonomously. The issue is then, are the actions of political dissent of a single node on a computer network the product of an independent agent working in tan dem within a democratic framework? Or, is it the reverse: are these acts of political dissid ence the automated actions of a small number of individuals exploiting systems of automation in order to achieve political goals? If we use the automaton to stand in as a fig ure that is neither entirely human nor entirely cyborgean, then certain concerns of network politics and assumptions about the democratic nature of network communications become destabilised.

International Scientific Forum, ISF 2013 Proceedings Vol. 3

The rapid informatization of the world which has started since the beginning of 90s led to the growing state interdependence from cyberspace. The Internet has become crucial to the society, economy, military of contemporary country. This situation became a new challenge for the national security and more and more often the term cyberwar has been used. Despite the fact that this phenomenon is not clearly defined the massive cyberattack on countries took place in the past.