Selling Demand-Based Pricing
2017, 2017 Annual Meeting, July 30-August 1, Chicago, Illinois
https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.259135Abstract
Applied economists have been trying to sell businesses on the value of demand-based pricing for many years. Their arguments favoring demand-based pricing have not been particularly persuasive and cost-based pricing continues to be the dominant price-setting method. This paper suggests four changes that may lead more firms to use demand principles when they set prices. Applied economists should acknowledge the benefits of cost-based pricing, shift their focus from profit-optimization to profit-improvement opportunities, develop principles and methods that better meet firm needs, and add new pricing topics to classroom discussions.
References (75)
- Altomonte, C., Barattieri, A. and Basu, S. 2015. "Average-Cost Pricing: Some Evidence and Implications." European Economic Review, 79: 281-296.
- Anderson, J. C., D. C. Jain, and P. K. Chintagunta. 1992. "Customer Value Assessment in Business Markets: A State-of-Practice Study." Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 1(1): 3-29.
- Backman, J. 1953. Price Practices and Price Policies. New York, NY: Ronald Press.
- Baker, R. J. 2006. Pricing on Purpose: Creating and Capturing Value. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Baker, R. J. 2011. Implementing Value Pricing: A Radical Business Model for Professional Firms. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Baker, W., M. Marn, and C. Zawada. 2010. The Price Advantage. 2nd ed., Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Bakken, D. G. 2012. "Are You Sure the Price is Right?" Marketing Research, 24(2): 8-14.
- Banker, R. D. and Hansen, S. C. 2002. "The Adequacy of Full-Cost-Based Pricing Heuristics." Journal of Management Accounting Research, 14(1): 33-58.
- Biehn, N., and C. Zawada. 2013. "Innovations in Determining Willingness-to-Pay for B2B Companies." In A. Hinterhuber and S. Liozu, eds., Innovation in Pricing: Contemporary Theories and Best Practices. New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 288-297.
- Bodea, T., and M. Ferguson. 2012. Pricing Segmentation and Analytics. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.
- Bolton, L. E., L. Warlop, and J. W. Alba. 20093. "Consumer Perceptions of Price (Un)Fairness." Journal of Consumer Research, 29(4): 474-491.
- Bouter, E. 2013. Pricing: The Third Business Skill: Principles of Price Management, Loenen aan de Vecht, The Netherlands: FirstPrice BV.
- Brooks, D. G. 1975. "Cost-Oriented Pricing: A Realistic Solution to a Complicated Problem." Journal of Marketing, 39(2): 72-74.
- Burck, G. 1972. "The Myths and Realities of Corporate Pricing." Fortune, April, Reprinted in I. R. Vernon and C. W. Lamb, Jr., eds., The Pricing Function: A Pragmatic Approach. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company, pp. 5-17.
- Calogridis, M. 2010. Practical Pricing: Translating Pricing Theory into Sustainable Profit Improvement. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Clancy, K., J., and R. S. Shulman. 1993. "Marketing with Blinders On." Across the Board, 30(8): 33-38.
- Coe, B. J. 1990. "Strategy in Retreat: Pricing Drops Out." Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 5(1): 5-25.
- Cram, T. 2006. Smarter Pricing: How to Capture More Value in your Market. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education.
- Crouch, W. M., and G. Hunsicker. 2013. "The Journey to Pricing Excellence: The Case of a Mid-Sized Manufacturing Firm." In A. Hinterhuber and S. Liozu, eds., Innovation in Pricing: Contemporary Theories and Best Practices. New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 178-182.
- Daly, J. 2002. Pricing for Profitability: Activity-Based Pricing for Competitive Advantage. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Docters, R. G., Reopel, M. R., Sun, J., and Tanny, S. M. (2004). Winning the Profit Game: Smarter Pricing, Smarter Branding. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Doctors, R., J. Hanson, C. Nguyen, and M. Barzelay. 2012. Contextual Pricing: The Death of List Price and the New Reality. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
- Dolan, R. J., and H. Simon. 1996. Power Pricing: How Managing Price Transforms the Bottom Line. New York, NY: The Free Press.
- Fabiani, S., C. Loupias, M. Druant, I. Hernando, C. Kwapil, B. Landau, F. Martins, T. Matha, R. Sabbatini, H. Stdahl, and A. Stokman. 2007. "Summary of Results for the Euro Area." In S. Fabiani, C. Loupias, F. Martins, and R. Sabbatini, eds., Pricing Decisions in the Euro Area: How Firms Set Prices and Why. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Faulhaber, G. R., and W. J. Baumol. 1988. "Economists as Innovators: Practical Products of Theoretical Research." Journal of Economic Literature, 26(2): 577-600.
- Gensler, S., O. Hinz, B. Skiera, and S. Theysohn. 2012. "Willingness-to-Pay Estimation with Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis: Addressing Extreme Response Behavior with Individually Adapted Designs." European Journal of Operational Research, 219(2): 368-378.
- Govindarajan, V., and R. N. Anthony. 1983. "How Firms Use Cost Data in Pricing Decisions." Management Accounting, 65(1): 30-37.
- Gregson, A. 2008. Pricing Strategies for Small Business. Bellingham, WA: International Self- Counsel Press.
- Hanson, W. A. 1992. "The Dynamics of Cost-Plus Pricing." Managerial and Decision Economics, 13(2): 149-161
- Hanson, W. A., and K. Kalyanam. 1994. "A Cost-Plus Trap: Pricing Heuristics and Demand Identification." Marketing Letters, 5(3): 199-209.
- Haupt, H., and K. Kagerer. 2012. "Beyond Mean Estimates of Price and Promotional Effects in Scanner-Panel Sales-Response Regression." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(5): 470-483.
- Herrmann, A., L. Xia, K. B. Monroe, and F. Huber. 2007. "The Influence of Price Fairness on Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Test in the Context of Automobile Purchases." Journal of Product and Brand Management, 16(1): 49-58.
- Hill, P. 2013. Pricing for Profit: How to Develop a Powerful Pricing Strategy for Your Business. London, UK: Kogan Page.
- Hinterhuber, A. 2008. "Customer Value-Based Pricing Strategies: Why Companies Resist." Journal of Business Strategy, 29(4): 41-50.
- Holden, R. K., and M. R. Burton. 2008. Pricing with Confidence: 10 Ways to Stop Leaving Money on the Table. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Hunt, P., and J. Saunders. 2013. World Class Pricing: The Journey. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse.com.
- Jeanty, P. W., T. Haab, and F. Hitzhusen. 2007. "Willingness to Pay for Biodiesel in Diesel Engines: A Stochastic Double Bounded Contingent Valuation Survey." Paper presented at the American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting in Portland, Oregon, on July 23-26.
- Johansson, M., Hallberg, N., Hinterhuber, A., Zbaracki, M. and Liozu, S. 2012. "Pricing Strategies and Pricing Capabilities." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 11(1): 4-11.
- Kennedy, D. S., and J. Marrs. 2011. No BS Price Strategy: The Ultimate No Holds Barred, Kick Butt, Take No Prisoners Guide to Profits, Power, and Prosperity. Irvine, CA: Entrepreneur Press.
- Killingbeck, D. 2011. "The Secret to Price Elasticity." In Kennedy, D. S., and J. Marrs, eds., No B.S. Price Strategy: The Ultimate No Holds Barred, Kick Butt, Take No Prisoners, Guide to Profits, Power, and Prosperity. Madison, WI: The Entrepreneur Press. pp. 107- 112.
- Larson, R. B. 2014. "Psychological Pricing Principles for Organizations with Market Power." Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 16(1): 11-25.
- Lazar, E. 2009. "New Methods in Demand Based Price Optimization." Journal of Economics and Business Research, 40(2): 43-63.
- Liozu, S. M. 2015. The Pricing Journey: The Organizational Transformation Toward Pricing Excellence. Stanford, CA: Stanford Business Books.
- Lipovetsky, S., S. Magnan, and A. Z. Polzi. 2011. "Pricing Models in Marketing Research." Intelligent Information Management, 3(5): 167-174
- Lyon, D. W. 2002. "The Price is Right (or is It?)." Marketing Research, 14(4): 8-13.
- Marn, M. V., E. V. Roegner, and C. C. Zawada. 2004. The Price Advantage. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Maxwell, S. 2008. The Price is Wrong: Understanding What Makes a Price Seem Fair and the True Cost of Unfair Pricing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- McGroarty, J. S. 1989. "The Power of Functional Costing in the Pricing Decision." In D. T. Seymour, ed., The Pricing Decision: A Strategic Planner for Marketing Professionals. Chicago, IL: Probus Publishing. pp. 79-91.
- Meehan, J. M., M. G. Simonetto, L. Montan Jr., and C. A. Goodin. 2011. Pricing and Profitability Management: A Practical Guide for Business Leaders. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
- Mohammed, R. 2005. The Art of Pricing: How to Find the Hidden Profits to Grow your Business. New York, NY: Crown Business.
- Morris, M. H., and M. L. Joyce. 1988. "How Marketers Evaluate Price Sensitivity." Industrial Marketing Management, 17(2): 169-176.
- Morris, M. H., and G. Morris. 1990. Market-Oriented Pricing: Strategies for Management. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Business Books.
- Nagle, T., and J. Hogan. 2006. The Strategy and Tactics of Pricing. 4th ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall
- Noble, P. M., and T. S. Gruca. 1999. "Industrial Pricing: Theory and Managerial Practice." Marketing Science, 18(3): 435-454.
- Oxenfeldt, A. R. 1961. Pricing for Marketing Executives. San Francisco, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
- Raju, J., and Z. J. Zhang. 2010. Smart Pricing: How Google, Priceline, and Leading Businesses Use Pricing Innovation for Profitability. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
- Ruskin-Brown, I. 2008. Practical Pricing for Results. London, UK: Thorogood Publishing.
- Schindler, R. M. 2012. Pricing Strategies: A Marketing Approach. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
- Shim, E., and E. F. Sudit. 1995. "How Manufacturers Price Products." Management Accounting 76(8): 37-39.
- Shy, O. 2008. How to Price: A Guide to Pricing Techniques and Yield Management. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Sichtmann, C., R. Wilken, and A. Diamantopoulos. 2011. "Estimating Willingness-to-Pay with Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis -Can Consumer Characteristics Explain Variations in Accuracy?" British Journal of Management, 22(4): 628-645.
- Simon, H. 2015. Confessions of the Pricing Man: How Price Affects Everything. New York, NY: Copernicus Books.
- Simon, H., F. Bilstein, and F. Luby. 2006. Manage for Profit, Not for Market Share: A Guide to Greater Profits in Highly Contested Markets. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
- Smith, G. E., and D. Nimer. 2012. "The Founding Principles and Strategies of Pricing." In G. E. Smith, ed., Visionary Pricing: Reflections and Advances in Honor of Dan Nimer - Advances in Business Marketing and Purchasing. Volume 19, Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, pp. 13-44.
- Smith, T. J. 2012. Pricing Strategy: Setting Price levels, Managing Price Discounts, and Establishing Price Structures. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
- Smith, J. M. 2013. The Pricing and Profit Playbook. Avondale, PA: Bradley Publishing.
- Stiving, M. 2011. Impact Pricing: Your Blueprint for Driving Profits. Madison, WI: Entrepreneur Press.
- Toytari, P., Rajala, R. and Alejandro, T. B. 2015. "Organizational and Institutional Barriers to Value-Based Pricing in Industrial Relationships." Industrial Marketing Management, 47: 53-64.
- Toytari, P., J. Keranen, and R. Rajala. 2017. "Barriers to Implementing Value-Based Pricing in Industrial Markets: A Micro-Foundations Perspective." Journal of Business Research, 76: 237-246.
- Urbany, J. E. 2001. "Justifying Profitable Pricing." Journal of Product and Brand Management, 10(3): 141-159.
- Urbany, J. E., T. J. Madden, and P. R. Dickson. 1989. "All's Not Fair in Pricing: An Initial Look at the Dual Entitlement Principle." Marketing Letters, 1(1): 17-25.
- Vaidyanathan, R., and P. Aggarwal. 2003. "Who is the Fairest of Them All? An Attributional Approach to Price Fairness Perceptions." Journal of Business Research, 56(6): 453-463.
- Vohra, R., and L. Krishnamuthi. 2012. Principles of Pricing: An Analytical Approach. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Winninger, T. 2000. Full Price: Competing on Value in the New Economy. Chicago, IL: Dearborn Trade.
- Zeithaml, V. A., A. Parasurman, and L. L. Berry. 1985. "Problems and Strategies in Services Marketing." Journal of Marketing, 49(2): 33-46.