Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Title
Abstract
Acquisition Hypotheses 9
Epistemological Background
Consonant Clusters: Introduction
Conclusion
Discussion
The Empirical Study of Syllabification in Sla
Introduction
References
All Topics
Languages and Linguistics
Phonology

Beats-and-binding phonology

Profile image of Katarzyna Dziubalska-KolaczykKatarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk

2002

visibility

…

description

256 pages

link

1 file

Abstract

of the right-hand side of the relation 3., i.e. sondis (C 1 ,C 2)< sondis (C 2 ,V 2). 5.3.3.2. Graphic derivation of the left-hand side of the relation 3., i.e. sondis (V, C 1) ≥ sondis (C 1 ,C 2). 5.3.4. Cluster Space for doubles 5.3.5. Initial triple clusters 5.3.6. Final triple clusters 5.3.7. Medial triple clusters 5.3.8. Cluster Space for triples 5.4. Scopes of the phonotactic well-formedness conditions 5.5. On the potential of the presented model of phonotactics 5.6. Advantages of the presented model of phonotactics over Sonority Sequencing Principle PART II. INTERNAL LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE FOR THE MODEL CHAPTER SIX. LANGUAGE-SPECIFIC PHONOTACTICS 6.1. Polish 6.1.1. Generative phonotactics of Polish 6.1.2. Descriptive phonotactics of Polish 6.1.3. Polish phonotactics and the universal phonotactic preferences 6.2. English 6.2.1. Descriptive phonotactics of English 6.2.2. English phonotactics and the universal phonotactic preferences 6.3. German 6.3.1. Descriptive phonotactics of German 6.3.2. German phonotactics and the universal phonotactic preferences 6.4. Processes 'repairing' phonotactics

Related papers

Phonotactics and morphonotactics of Polish and English. Theory, description, tools and applications
Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk

2016

Phonotactics determines phonological conditions and constraints on the occurrence or cooccurrence of sounds (vowels and consonants) in a given language. Morphonotactics refers to the interaction between phonotactics and morphotactics. The main approach to consonant clusters is based on the division into phonotactic and morphonotactic clusters. Phonotactic clusters occur within morphemes. Morphonotactic clusters arise as a result of morphological operations such as concatenation or apophony. Morphonotactic clusters are often phonotactically marked and often fail to surface as phonotactic clusters. The research focuses both on morphologically simple and complex clusters. The leitmotif of the present book is the verification of the hypothesis concerning the markedness of clusters in relation to their phonotactic or morphonotactic character. The dictionary and corpus data was examined in terms of markedness, based on universal phonotactic preferences. In order to evaluate cluster preferability, a phonotactic calculator was devised, which enables making measurements on a large scale.

View PDFchevron_right
In search of phonotactic preferences
Paula Orzechowska

The objective of this contribution is to provide an analysis of consonant clusters based on the assumption that phonotactic preferences are encoded in phonological features of individual segments forming a cluster. This encoding is expressed by a set of parameters established for the following features: complexity, place of articulation, manner of articulation and voicing. On the basis of empirically observed tendencies of feature distribution and co-occurrence, novel phonotactic preferences for English word-initial consonant clusters are proposed. Statistical methods allow us to weigh the preferences and determine a ranking of phonological features in cluster formation .

View PDFchevron_right
NP extension: B&B phonotactics. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 45(1). 55-71.
Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk

2009

This paper will report on an extension of the framework of Natural Phonology in the area of syllable phonology and phonotactics. In particular, it will present a universal model of phonotactics constructed within Beats-and-Binding Phonology (B&B Phonology, cf. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk 2002) -a syllable-less theory of phonology embedded in Natural Phonology. The thrust of the theory is the claim that intersegmental cohesion determines syllable structure, rather than being determined by it (if one insists on the notion of the "syllable" which is epiphenomenal here). The core of B&B phonotactics is the Net Auditory Distance Principle, according to which phonological naturalness of clusters can be evaluated.

View PDFchevron_right
II Phonological Theory Edited by
amy sheets
View PDFchevron_right
Some consequences of Lexical Phonology
Paul Kiparsky

Phonology, 1985

Phonological theory in recent years can be said to have undergone a ‘modularisation’ in several respects. The formal theory is no longer expected to explain everything about phonology by itself: generalisations about phonological change which previously were used to motivate constraints on abstractness or opacity have turned out to make more sense as effects of real-time language acquisition and use. Secondly, phonological representations have become multi-tiered arrays, and much that seemed problematic about the application of rules has resolved itself in terms of properties of these arrays. Lastly, phonology itself is seen as applying both within the lexicon to the output of each morphological process, and to the output of the syntsactic component. The lexicon, moreover, may itself be organised into a hierarchy of levels, each constituting a quasi-autonomous morphological and phonological domain. In this paper I propose to investigate some consequences of this third kind of modula...

View PDFchevron_right
The Handbook of Phonological Theory
John Goldsmith

The Handbook of Phonological Theory, 1996

View PDFchevron_right
Recent developments in phonological theory
Harry van der Hulst

Lingua, 1979

H.'s book (a revised and expanded version of her UCLA dissertation (IULC 1973)) presents and elaborates a phonological theory which has been developed mainly by Vennemann in a number of articles published since 1972. The book is divided into two parts. The first part (Concreteness in Morphophonology) deals with "the formal constraints on the theory", i.e. it concentrates on the abstractness and actual form of underlying reprefientations (henceforth UR's), rule types, cyclic application, rule order and phonological change. It includes several illustrations from Spanish. Part two (Natural Phonological Structure) deals with "substantive phonological issues" and contains a discussion of the distinction between morpheme structure rules vs. phonetic-phonological rules (the so-called duplication problem) and especially of the role and formal treatment of the syllable.

View PDFchevron_right
Nova Gorica SinFonIJA 10/10/08 Why Phonology Is Not Different: A critique of Bromberger & Halle (1989) Deep Structure → Intermediate Structures → Surface Structure Phonology: Underlying Representations → Intermediate Structures → Phonetic Forms B
Jonathan D Kaye
View PDFchevron_right
Phonology and the Dutch-Polish connection: a personal memoir.
G. Booij
View PDFchevron_right
Phonotactics as phonology: knowledge of a complex restriction in Dutch
Rene Kager

The Dutch lexicon contains very few sequences of a long vowel followed by a consonant cluster whose second member is a non-coronal. We provide experimental evidence that Dutch speakers have implicit knowledge of this gap, which cannot be reduced to the probability of segmental sequences or to wordlikeness as measured by neighbourhood density. The experiment also suggests that the ill-formedness of this sequence is mediated by syllable structure : it has a weaker effect on speakers' judgements when the last consonant begins a new syllable. We provide an account in terms of Hayes & Wilson's (2008) maximum entropy model of phonotactics, using constraints that go beyond the complexity permitted by their model of constraint induction. * Thanks to Frans Adriaans, Michael Becker and Robert Staubs for useful discussion and technical help, Adam Albright, Bruce Hayes and Colin Wilson for helpful discussion, and the Phonology reviewers and editors for their insightful comments.

View PDFchevron_right

References (604)

  1. respect the syllabic position. CV may exchange with VC, e.g. in the successive approximations of Wernicke aphasics: Germ. ein Sto:r, ein Sto: ein Sto: Stroh Stroh; Galf Gals Glas; Pol. par-prawie 'almost', na tkurej której 'on which'; kratka kartka 'a sheet of paper', zapła zapał 'eagerness' and very numerous other examples. Finally, apraxics are claimed to syllabify. But apraxia of speech is of a phonetic nature (albeit disputably for some, cf. e.g. Lebrun 1990). It is defined as "Störung des Enkodierens phonologischer Muster in angemessene phonetische Muster" (Dittmann 1991: 61) or as a distortion of the programming of speech movements (Ziegler 1991: 89). Therefore, the evidence from apraxia concerns the ways in which apraxics overcome their phonetic hurdles and as such is a task to interpret phonologically.
  2. Aphasic phenomena in terms of Beats-and-Binding phonology 12.3.1. Evidence for rhythmic regularity 12.3.1.1. Regularization towards trochaic feet. Rhythmicization can become optimalized (cf. Dressler 1988a), i.e. it can lead to the regularization of trochaic feet, e.g. Raúchfàngkéhrer ['rk,hf], Primárius [,brn'ma:ris], Soldátentùm ['soltn,tantm], práktischer ['pakt,r], Novémber ['so:ß,tnd]. In order to account for these disturbances it suffices to assume rhythmical beats and a preference for a trochee as well as a preference for the n B binding (cf. Chapter 4). Also Stark and Stark (1990) found rhythmicization effects in the phonological paraphasias investigated through repetition of compounds, e.g. Spárb`üchse Páschtet, Schúl`öffel
  3. Schn'üglehòaben, Sch'üttel, Reísfleìsch Reíselh`ögel, Bléchl`öffel ['b'loefoel]; cf.
  4. Póstgàsse Póst[]kàsse, práktischer ['pakt,rs], Novémber ['mp,tmb] in
  5. Lindner (1985: 62, 68).
  6. In Serbian and Croatian 221 , the only consonantal beat /r / is distributed similarly to vowels, e.g. /jr vo/ like /jivo/, /r /, /sar /, like /o/, /sau/, i.e. exactly parallel to n B bindings (CV's). /r zai/ like /uzak/, however, is also possible, i.e. an N n binding (parallel to a B n one).
  7. Also in Czech, consonants tend to vocalize according to the {nN} > {Nn} preference. The two consonantal beats /r / and /l / do not appear at the beginning of a word, thus for example in /rčeni/ there are only two beats, in /rtut'/ there is only one beat, so an N n binding is avoided. In /tr n/, /pr st/, /pl n/, /vl  č/, /ml č/, both n N and N n bindings are present. However, in /vítr /, /bratr /, /bobr /, /vichr /, /mysl /, /vezl / (also /sedm /, /osm / -poss. pronun. /sedum/, /osum/) only an n N binding is present. Interestingly, /j/ blocks N- formation e.g. in /pejr/ (vs. /humr /, /vsiml /). Notice that /-jr/ observes the phonotactic preference for word-final clusters (cf. 5.3.2.). Therefore, no need for N-formation arises.
  8. Vowel reductions in Polish phonostylistics appear to be controversial. On the one hand, according to the above discussed preference for n N, melodia becomes [ml odia] after the loss of the first vowel, federalnej becomes [fedr alnej] etc. (cf. Rubach 1977: 73). Note, however, that in this way a new beat N is adjacent to a vocalic beat B, and thus a highly dysfunctional 222 sequence is created (cf. footnote 6 above). On the other hand, the data from Dressler & Madelska (1989: 85) point rather to the reductions towards [m lodia], [fed ralnej] or [ f deralnej], /v ogule/ [vog le] ( [vogle]) etc. In [m lodia] and [ f deralnej], the non- adjacency condition is respected; also, the initial consonantal clusters would be bad initial doubles (cf. 5.3.1.). In [fed ralnej] and [vog le], however, N's and B's are adjacent. Those variants may constitute an intermediate stage before a complete loss of an N-beat, when the "new" medial clusters -dr-and -gl-start to be treated according to their status, i.e. as initial doubles (they are both good initials, cf.
  9. Croatian, /r / has vowel features, e.g. length and distinctive intonation; it is also, as already mentioned above, distributed in the same positions as vowels. It is evident that in /sar /, an n N binding /r / is stronger than a B n one /a/, since otherwise /r/ would be weakened or lost altogether (cf. Pol. wiatr). The same holds for an already mentioned subset of words containing N's in Czech, i.e. /vítr /, /bratr /, /bobr /, /vichr /, /mysl /, /vezl / etc. Further, one would expect long (=double) beats to be preferably vocalic, i.e. BB > NN. This is confirmed by the observation that long consonantal beats (NN) are allowed when N's have the same status as vowels in a language, as e.g. in Serbian and Croatian 223 , but not in Czech. Although length is the only relevant feature of Czech vowels, /r / and /l / cannot be long, which is seen best when the length is expected morphologically e.g. in dim. formation: hrad - hra dek, les -(le sek-) li  sek, dub -(du bek-) doubek, BUT: k/r /k-k/r /ček, s/r /p-s/r /pek, vl k- vl ček. It is also predicted that N+N hiatus will be avoided, just as B+B hiatus (or even more so, since B>N). Thus also the hiatus of N and B will be avoided (as already mentioned above). In Serbian/Croatian, consonantal beats do occur before and after a vowel (vocalic beat), but only 221 The data on Serbian, Croatian and Czech are taken from Mares (1988). 222 as well as counterintuitive 223 cf. also Macedonian and Slovenian /r /, Slovak /r / and /l /.
  10. Abele, A. 1924/25. K voprosu o sloge. Slavia III. 1-34.
  11. Abercrombie, David. 1967. Elements of General Phonetics. Edinburgh: University Press.
  12. Allen, W.Sidney. 1968. Vox Graeca. Cambridge.
  13. Allen, W.Sidney. 1973. Accent and Rhythm. Prosodic Features of Latin and Greek: a Study in Theory and Reconstruction. Cambridge: CUP.
  14. Allen, G. 1981. Suprasegmental constraints on segmental representation: Research involving speech production. In Myers, T., J. Laver and J. Anderson (eds.). The Cognitive Representation of Speech. New York: North-Holland. 151-159.
  15. Allen, George D. 1975. Speech rhythm: its relation to performance universals and articulatory timing. Journal of Phonetics 13.2: 75-87.
  16. Allen, George D. and Sarah Hawkins. 1980. Phonological rhythm: definition and development. In Yeni-Komshian et al. (eds.), Child Phonology. vol. 1. Production. 227- 256. Anderson, John. 1986. Suprasegmental dependencies. In Durand (ed.). 55-134.
  17. Anderson, John M. and Colin Ewen. 1987. Principles of Dependency Phonology. Cambridge: CUP. Anderson, John and Charles Jones. 1974. Three theses concerning phonological representations. Journal of Linguistics 10. 1-26.
  18. Anderson, Stephen R. 1974. The Organization of Phonology. New York: Academic Press.
  19. Anderson, Stephen R. 1981. Why phonology isn't `Natural'? Linguistic Inquiry 12. 493-540.
  20. Anderson, Stephen R. 1985. Phonology in the Twentieth Century. Theories of Rules and Theories of Representations. Chicago: The Univ.of Chicago Press.
  21. Archangeli, Diana. 1984. Underspecification in Yawelmani Phonology. MIT Ph.D. dissertation.
  22. Archangeli, Diana and Douglas Pulleyblank. 1986. Maximal and minimal rules: effects on tier scansion. NELS 17. 16-35.
  23. Archangeli, D. and D.T. Langendoen (eds.). 1997. Optimality Theory. An Overview. Oxford: Blackwell.
  24. Auer, Peter. 1990. A note on prosody in Natural Phonology. In Julian M. Dosuna and Carmen Pensado (eds.), 11-22.
  25. Auer, Peter. 1991. `Stress-timing' vs. `syllable-timing' from a typological point of view. In Palek ,B. and P. Janota (eds.), Proceedings of LP'90. Prague: Charles UP. 292-305.
  26. Auer, Peter. 1994. Einige Argumente gegen die Silbe als universale prosodische Hauptkategorie. In Ramers, Karl Heinz, Heinz Vater & Henning Wode (eds.) Universale phonologische Strukturen und Prozesse. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 55-78.
  27. Awedyk, Wiesław. 1975. The syllable theory and Old English phonology. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
  28. Badecker, William and Alfonso, Caramazza. 1993. Disorders of lexical morphology in aphasia. In Blanken et al. (eds.): 181-186.
  29. Bailey, Charles-James N. 1978. Gradience in English syllabication and a revised concept of unmarked syllabization. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Linguistics Club. 49p.
  30. Basbøll, Hans. 1974. The phonological syllable with special reference to Danish. ARIPUC 8 (Annual Report Copenhagen). Institute of Phonetics, University of Copenhagen. 38-128.
  31. Barbosa, P. and G. Bailly. 1992. Prédiction de la durée segmentale: le paradigme des groupes inter-P-Centers. Actes du Séminaire Prosodie (La Baume-lès-Aix, October 1992).73-79.
  32. Barry, M. 1984. Connected speech: processes, motivations, models. Cambridge Papers in Phonetics. 3. Univ. of Cambridge. (each paper numbered separately).
  33. Barry, Susan. 1989. Aspects of sonorant devoicing in Russian. Speech, Hearing and Language 3. UCL. 47-59.
  34. Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan. 1895. Versuch einer Theorie phonetischer Alternationen. Strassburg-Cracow. An abridged translation An Attempt at a Theory of Phonetic Alternations in Edward Stankiewicz (ed.) 1972. A Baudouin de Courtenay Anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 144-212.
  35. Bell, Alan. 1976. Review of Pulgram 1970. Language 52. 241-244.
  36. Bell, Alan. 1978. Syllabic consonants. In Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.) Universals of Human Language. vol. 2. Phonology. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 153-201.
  37. Bell, Alan. 1979. The syllable as constituent versus organizational unit. In Clyne, Paul R., W.F. Hanks and C.L. Hofbauer (eds.). The Elements: A Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levels. Chicago: CLS. 11-20.
  38. Bell, Alan and Joan B. Hooper (eds.),1978. Syllables and Segments. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
  39. Bell, Alan and Joan B. Hooper. 1978. Issues and evidence in syllabic phonology. In Bell et al. (eds.), 3-24.
  40. Benson, Bronwen. 1986. The Markedness Differential Hypothesis: implications for Vietnamese speakers of English. In Eckman et al. (eds.): 271-290.
  41. Berg, Thomas. 1989. Intersegmental cohesiveness. Folia Linguistica 23, 3-4: 245-280.
  42. Berg, Thomas. 1990. Review of Vennemann 1988a. Journal of Linguistics 2. 569-570.
  43. Berg, Thomas. in press. In defence of intersegmental cohesiveness. Folia Linguistica.
  44. Berndt, Rolf. 1960. Einführung in das Studium des Mittelenglischen. Halle: Max Niemeyer Verlag. Bertinetto, Pier Marco. 1987. Phonetics, phonology, and the natural of it. Proceedings of the 11th ICPhS, vol. 3. Tallinn: Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R. 355-359.
  45. Bertinetto, Pier Marco. 1988. Reflections on the dichotomy `stress' vs. `syllable-timing'. Quaderni del Laboratorio di Linguistica 2, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa. 59-84. republished in 1989. Belgique: Revue de Phonétique Appliquée 91-93: 98-130.
  46. Bertinetto, Pier Marco. 1993. La sillaba: tra dilemmi teorici e sperimentazione. Lingua e Stile 28. 31-56.
  47. Best, Catherine T. 1995. A direct realist view of cross-language speech perception. In Strange, W. (ed.). Speech perception and linguistic experience: Issues in cross-language research. Timonium, MD: York Press.
  48. Bethin, Christina Y. 1992. Polish Syllables. The Role of Prosody in Phonology and Morphology. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers.
  49. Bierwisch, Manfred. 1975. Schriftstruktur und Phonologie. In F. Kiefer (ed.), Phonologie und generative Grammatik I. Frankfurt: Athenaion, 11-51.
  50. Birnbaum, Henrik. 1975. Common Slavic: Progress and Problems in Its Reconstruction. Cambridge, Mass.: Slavica Publishers.
  51. Blanken, Gerhard. 1990. Formal paraphasias. Brain and Language 38. 534-554.
  52. Blanken, Gerhard, Jürgen Dittmann, Hannelore Grimm, John C. Marshall and Claus-W. Wallesch. (eds.) 1993. Linguistic Disorders and Pathologies. Berlin: de Gruyter.
  53. Blumstein, Sheila. 1978. Segment structure and the syllable in aphasia. In A. Bell & J.B. Hooper (eds.). 189-200.
  54. Blumstein, Sheila. 1980. Speech perception: an overview. In Yeni-Komshian et al. (eds.). 9- 21. Bohn, Ocke-Schwen and Linda Polka. 1995. What defines vowel identity in prelingual infants? In Elenius, K. and P. Branderud. (eds.). ICPhS 1995. vol.1. 130-133.
  55. Botha, Rudolf. 1979. External evidence in the validation of mentalistic theories: a Chomskyan paradox. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics 2. 1-38.
  56. Boyd, Richard, Philip Gasper and J.D. Trout (eds.). 1993. The Philosophy of Science. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
  57. Boyd, Richard. 1993. Confirmation, semantics and the interpretation of scientific theories. In Boyd et al. (eds.). 3-23.
  58. Brockhaus, Wiebke. 1990. Final obstruent devoicing in German: where does it really happen? Paper given at LAGB Spring Meeting , Cambridge.
  59. Brockhaus, Wiebke. 1991. Final obstruent devoicing -why ? Paper given at LAGB Spring Meeting, Oxford.
  60. Brockhaus, Wiebke. 1992. Final Devoicing: Principles and Parameters. London: UCL Thesis.
  61. Broe, Michael. 1992. An introduction to feature geometry. In Docherty and Ladd (eds.). 149- 165.
  62. Broselow, E. 1984. An investigation of transfer in second language phonology. International review of Applied Linguistics 22. 253-269.
  63. Brosnahan, L.F. and B. Malmberg. 1970. Introduction to Phonetics. Cambridge: CUP.
  64. Browman, Catherine P. and Louis Goldstein. 1986. Towards an articulatory phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3. 219-254.
  65. Browman, Catherine P. and Louis Goldstein. 1988. Some notes on syllable structure in Articulatory Phonology. Phonetica 145: 140-155.
  66. Browman, Catherine P. and Louis Goldstein. 1989. Articulatory gestures as phonological units. Phonology 6. 201-251.
  67. Buckingham, Hugh W. 1986. The scan-copier mechanism and the positional level of language production: evidence from phonemic paraphasia. Cognitive Science 10: 195-217.
  68. Buckingham, Hugh W. 1989. Mechanisms underlying aphasic transformations. In Alfredo Ardila and Peggy Ostrosky-Solis.(eds.). New York: Plenum Press. 123-145.
  69. Buckingham, Hugh W. 1990. Principle of sonority, doublet creation, and the checkoff monitor. In Nespoulous & Villiard (eds.). 193-205.
  70. Buckingham, Hugh W. 1993. Disorders of word-form processing in aphasia. In Blanken et al.(eds.). 187-197.
  71. Burani, Cristina. 1992. Patterns of inflectional errors with reference to the Italian adjectival system. Rivista di Linguistica 4. 255-272.
  72. Burani, Cristina and Rosaria Cafiero. 1991. The role of subsyllabic structure in lexical access to printed words. Psychological Research 53. 42-52.
  73. Burani, Cristina and Alessandro Laudanna. 1992. Units of representation for derived words in the lexicon. In R. Frost & L. Katz (eds.) Orthography, Phonology, Morphology, and Meaning. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 361-376.
  74. Butt, Matthias. 1992. Sonority and the explanation of syllable structure. Linguistische Berichte 137. 45-67.
  75. Butterworth, Brian. 1993. Aphasia and Models of Language Production and Perception. In Blanken et al.(eds.). 238-250.
  76. Byrd, Dani. 1991. Perception of assimilation in consonant clusters: A gestural model. UCLA WP in Phonetics 78. 97-126.
  77. Cairns, Charles E. and Mark H. Feinstein. 1982. Markedness and the theory of syllable structure. Linguistic Inquiry 13, 2. 193-225.
  78. Calabrese, Andrea, and Cristina Romani. 1990. Syllable structure in aphasia: a case study. Certamen Phonologicum II, ed. by Pier Marco Bertinetto, Michael Kenstowicz and Michele Loporcaro. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier. 147-171.
  79. Cardona, Giorgio R. 1986. Storia universale della scrittura. Milano: Mondadori.
  80. Carrington, J.F. 1949. A comparative study of some Central African gong-languages. Brussels: Georges van Campenhout.
  81. Charette, Monik. 1991. Conditions on Phonological Government. Cambridge: CUP.
  82. Charles-Luce, J. 1985. Word-final devoicing in German: effects of phonetic and sentential contexts. Journal of Phonetics 13. 309-324.
  83. Chen, M. 1970. Vowel length variation as a function of the voicing of the consonant environment. Phonetica 22. 129-159.
  84. Chmura, M. 1969. Badania J.Baudouina de Courtenay nad mową dzieci. Prace Filologiczne. vol.XIX. Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  85. Chomsky, Noam and Moris Halle. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers.
  86. Clark, John and Colin Yallop. 1990. An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  87. Clavier-Pinek, J., B. Pinek and J.-L. Nespoulous. 1991. Production of stop consonants: neurolinguistic study in a conduction aphasic. ICPhs 12,5. 366-369.
  88. Clement, C.J., den Os, E.A. and F.J. Koopmans-van Beinum. 1995. The development of early vocalizations of deaf and normally hearing infants in the first eight months of life. In Elenius, K. and P. Branderud. (eds.). ICPhS 1995. vol.1. 138-141.
  89. Clements, George N. 1985. The geometry of phonological features. Phonology Yearbook 2. 223-252.
  90. Clements, George N. 1987. Phonological feature representation and the description of intrusive stops. CLS 23. 29-50.
  91. Clements, George N. 1988. The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification. Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory 2. 1-68.
  92. Clements, George N. and Samuel Jay Keyser. 1983. CV Phonology. A generative Theory of the Syllable. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
  93. Clements, George N. 1992. The Sonority Cycle and syllable organization. In W.U. Dressler, H.C. Luschützky, O.E. Pfeiffer,and J.R. Rennison (eds.), Phonologica 1988. Cambridge: CUP. 63-76.
  94. Cohen, Dalia. 1978. Meter and rhythm in music and poetry. Israel Studies in Musicology 1. 105-141.
  95. Coseriu, Eugenio. 1968. Sincronía, diacronía y tipología. (German translation 1970). Sprache, Struktur und Funktionen. Tübingen: Narr. 235-66.
  96. Coulmas, Florian. 1989. The Writing Systems of the World. Oxford: Blackwell.
  97. Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth. 1985. An Introduction to English Prosody. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
  98. Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth. 1993. English Speech Rhythm. Form and function in everyday verbal interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  99. Cowan, J. Ronayne. 1992. A model of lexical storage. Evidence from second language learners' orthographic errors. In Downing et al. (eds.).275-290.
  100. Cutler, Anne. 1989. Auditory lexical access: where do we start? In Marslen-Wilson (ed.) 342- 356.
  101. Daniels, Peter T. 1992. The syllabic origin of writing and the segmental origin of the alphabet. In P. Downing, S. Lima & M.Noonan (eds.). 83-110.
  102. Dauer, R.M. 1983. Stress-timing and syllable-timing reanalyzed. Journal of Phonetics 11. 51- 62.
  103. Davis, Barbara L. and Peter F. MacNeilage. 1990. Acquisition of correct vowel production: A quantitative case study. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 33. 16-17.
  104. Davis, Barbara L. and Peter F. MacNeilage. 1995. Articulatory preferences in first words: The frame-content hypothesis. In Elenius, K. and P. Branderud. (eds.). ICPhS 1995. vol.1. 150- 153.
  105. Davis, Barbara L., MacNeilage, Peter F. and Christine Matyear. 1999. Intrasyllabic patterns in babbling and early speech. ICPhS 99, San Francisco, Vol. 3. 2481-2484.
  106. Davis, Stuart. 1982. Rhyme, or reason ? A look at syllable-internal constituents. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society 8. 525-532.
  107. Davis, Stuart. 1989. On a non-argument for the Rhyme. Journal of Linguistics 25,1. 211-217.
  108. de Bleser, Ria & Poeck, Klaus 1984. Aphasia with exclusively consonant-vowel recurring utterances: Tan-Tan revisited. Advances in Neurology 42. 51-57.
  109. de Bleser, Ria & Klaus Poeck. 1985. Analysis of prosody in the spontaneous speech of patients with CV-recurring utterances. Cortex 21. 405-415.
  110. de Groot, A.W. 1926. La syllabe: essai de synthèse. Bulletin de la Société Linguistique de Paris 27, 1. 1-42.
  111. Derwing, Bruce L. 1992. Orthographic aspects of linguistic competence. In P. Downing et al. (eds.). 193-210.
  112. Derwing, Bruce L., Terrance M. Nearey and Maureen L. Dow. 1986. On the phoneme as the unit of the `second articulation'. Phonology Yearbook 3: 45-70.
  113. Derwing, Bruce L. and Terrance M. Nearey. 1991. The `vowel-stickiness' phenomenon: three experimental sources of evidence. ICPhS 12. vol. 3. 210-213.
  114. Derwing, Bruce L., Sook W. Cho and H. Samuel Wang. 1991. A cross-linguistic experimental investigation of syllable structure: some preliminary results. ICPhS 12. vol. 4. 110-113.
  115. de Saussure, Ferdinand. 1916. Cours de linguistique générale. Paris: Payot.
  116. Dinnsen, Daniel A. 1978. Phonological rules and phonetic explanation. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
  117. Dinnsen, Daniel A. 1980. Phonological rules and phonetic explanation. Journal of Linguistics 16. 171-191.
  118. Dinnsen, D.A. (ed.) 1979. Current Approaches to Phonological Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  119. Dinnsen, D.A. and J. Charles-Luce. 1984. Phonological neutralization, phonetic implementation and individual differences. Journal of Phonetics 12. 49-60.
  120. Dittmann, Jürgen. 1991. Phonematische Störungen bei Aphasie. In Gerhard Blanken (ed.) Einführung in die linguistische Aphasiologie. Freiburg: Hochschulverlag. 43-88.
  121. Dobrogowska, Katarzyna. 1990. Word internal consonant clusters in Polish artistic prose. Studia Phonetica Posnaniensia 2, 43-67.
  122. Dobrogowska, Katarzyna. 1993. Word initial and word final consonant clusters in Polish popular science texts and in artistic prose. Studia Phonetica Posnaniensia 3, 47-122.
  123. Docherty, Gerard J. and D. Robert Ladd. (eds.) 1992. Papers in Laboratory Phonology II. Gesture, Segment, Prosody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  124. Dogil, Grzegorz. 1981. Elementary accent systems. In W.U. Dressler, O.E. Pfeiffer,and J.R. Rennison (eds.). 89-99.
  125. Dogil, Grzegorz. 1984. Grammatical prerequisites to the analysis of speech style: fast/casual speech. In Gibbon,Dafydd and Helmut Richter (eds.), Intonation, Accent and Rhythm. Berlin: de Gruyter. 91-119.
  126. Dogil, Grzegorz. 1999. The phonetic manifestation of word stress in Lithuanian, Polish and German. In van der Hulst (ed.). 273-311.
  127. Dogil, Grzegorz and Hans Christian Luschützky. 1990. Notes on sonority and segmental strength. Rivista di Linguistica 2,2: 3-54.
  128. Dogil, Grzegorz and Gunter Braun 1988. The Pivot Model of Speech Parsing. Wien: Verlag der ÖAW.
  129. Donegan, Patricia J. (1978) 1985a. On the Natural Phonology of Vowels. New York: Garland.
  130. Donegan, Patricia J. 1985b. How learnable is phonology ? In Dressler, W.U. and L. Tonelli. (eds.). Natural Phonology from Eisenstadt. Padova: CLESP. 19-32.
  131. Donegan, Patricia Jane. 1993. On the phonetic basis of phonological change. In Jones, Charles (ed.). Historical Linguistics: Problems and Perspectives. London: Longman. 98-130.
  132. Donegan, Patricia J. 1995. The innateness of phonemic perception. WECOL 7, ed by Vida Samiian. Fresno, CA: Western Conference on Linguistics. 59-69.
  133. Donegan, P. 1996. The integrity of phonetics and phonology. SLE Klagenfurt.
  134. Donegan, Patricia J. in press. Constraints and processes in phonological percpetion. In Dziubalska-Kołaczyk (ed.). Constraints and Preferences. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 134. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  135. Donegan, Patricia J. and David Stampe. 1978. The syllable in phonological and prosodic structure. In Bell, A. and J.B. Hooper. (eds.). 25-34.
  136. Donegan, Patricia J. and David Stampe. 1979. The study of Natural Phonology. In Dinnsen, D.A. (ed.). 126-173.
  137. Donegan, Patricia J. and David Stampe. 1983. Rhythm and the holistic organization of language structure. CLS 1983: 337-353.
  138. Dosuna, Julian Mendez and Carmen Pensado. (eds.) 1990. Naturalists at Krems. Salamanca: Salamanca UP.
  139. Dow, Maureen L. and Bruce L. Derwing. 1987. Experimental evidence for syllable-internal structure. UMW Linguistics Symposium, 1987.
  140. Downing, Pamela, Susan D. Lima and Michael Noonan. 1992. (eds.). The Linguistics of Literacy. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
  141. Dresher, B. Elan and Aditi Lahiri. 1991. The germanic foot: metrical coherence in Old English. Linguistic Inquiry 22, 2. 251-286.
  142. Dressler, W.U. 1979a. External evidence for an abstract analysis of the German velar nasal. WLG 1979. 3-28.
  143. Dressler, W.U. 1979b. Reflections on phonological typology. Acta Linguistica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae,29,3-4, 259-273.
  144. Dressler, W.U. 1979c. Arguments and non-arguments for naturalness in phonology: on the use of external evidence. Proceedings of the IXth ICPhS, vol.2. Copenhagen. 93-100.
  145. Dressler, W.U. 1980. Naturalness as a principle in genetic and typological linguistics. Travaux du cercle linguistique de Copenhague 20. 75-91.
  146. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1984. Explaining Natural Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 1. 29-50.
  147. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1985. Morphonology: the Dynamics of Derivation. Ann Arbor: Karoma.
  148. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1987. Phonetics and Natural Phonology. Proceedings of the 11th ICPhS, vol. 3. Tallinn: Academy of Sciences of the Estonian S.S.R. 366-370.
  149. Dressler, Wolfgang. 1988a. A linguistic classification of phonological paraphasias. In W. Dressler & J. Stark (eds.) Linguistic Analyses of Aphasic Language. New York: Springer. 1-22.
  150. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1988b. Preferences vs. strict universals in morphology: word-based rules. In M. Hammond & M. Noonan (eds.) Theoretical Morphology. San Diego: Academic Press. 143-154.
  151. Dressler, W.U. 1989. Semiotische Parameter einer textlinguistischen Natürlichkeitstheorie. Wien: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  152. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1990a. The cognitive perspective of "naturalist" linguistic models. Cognitive Linguistics 1, 1. 75-98.
  153. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1990b. Preference vs. strict universal in morphology. Quaderni Linguistici e Filologici IV. Roma: Universit`a di Macerata. 19-32.
  154. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1993. Wealth and poverty of functional analyses, with special consideration for functional deficiencies. In H. Basbøll, C.-E. Lindberg and J. Mey (eds.) Proceedings of the First Rasmus Rask Colloquium. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  155. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1996. Principles of naturalness in phonology and across components. In B. Hurch & R. Rhodes (eds.). 41-52.
  156. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1999a. On a semiotic theory of preferences in language. The Peirce Seminar Papers. vol. 4. New York: Bergham Books. 389-415.
  157. Dressler, Wolfgang U. 1999b. What is Natural in Natural Morphology (NM)? Prague Linguistic Circle Papers 3. 135-144.
  158. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and K. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk. 1994. Functional analysis in the study of second language acquisition. Functions of Language 1, 2. 201-28.
  159. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and K. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk. 1995a. Evidence of syllabic writing against the phonological syllable. In Dressler, W.U., Prinzhorn, M. and Rennison, J., (eds.). 65-76.
  160. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and K. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk. 1995b. Syllable and morpheme in aphasia. In Dressler, W.U. and Cristina Burani (eds.). 115-130.
  161. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and K. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk. 1997. Contributions from the acquisition of Polish phonology and morphology to theoretical linguistics. In Eliasson, Stig and Ernst H. Jahr (eds.). Language and its Ecology: Essays in Memory of Einar Haugen. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs, vol. 100. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 379-399.
  162. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and K. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, in collaboration with Małgorzata Fabiszak. 1997. Polish inflection classes within Natural Morphology. Biuletyn PTJ LIII. 1997. 95-119.
  163. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and Alexander Grosu. 1972. Generative Phonologie und indogermanische Lautgeschichte. Indogermanische Forschungen 77, 19-72.
  164. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and Annemarie Peltzer-Karpf. 1995. The theoretical relevance of pre- and protomorphology in language acquisition. Yearbook of Morphology 1994. 99-122.
  165. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and Liliana Madelska. 1989. Syllabic consonants in Polish casual speech. In Szende, T. (ed.). Proceedings of the Speech Research International Conference, Budapest 1989. 84-87.
  166. Dressler, W.U. and L. Merlini-Barbaresi. 1994. Morphopragmatics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Dressler, Wolfgang U., Willi Mayerthaler, Oswald Panagl and Wolfgang U. Wurzel. 1987. Leitmotifs in Natural Morphology. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
  167. Dressler, Wolfgang U., Livia Tonelli & Emanuela Magno Caldognetto. 1990. Phonological paraphasias versus slips of the tongue in German and Italian. In Nespoulous & Villiard (eds.). 206-212.
  168. Dressler, W.U. and R. Wodak. 1982. Sociophonological methods in the study of sociolinguistic variation in Viennese German. Lang. Soc. II. 339-370.
  169. Dressler,Wolfgang U., Oskar E. Pfeiffer, and John R. Rennison (eds.). 1981. Phonologica 1980. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft.
  170. Dressler,Wolfgang U., Hans C. Luschützky, Oskar E. Pfeiffer, and John R. Rennison (eds.). 1992. Phonologica 1988. Cambridge: CUP.
  171. Dressler, Wolfgang U. and Cristina Burani (eds.). 1995. Crossdisciplinary approaches to morphology. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akedemie der Wissenschaften.
  172. Dressler, Wolfgang U., Prinzhorn, Martin and Rennison, John. (eds.) 1995. Phonologica 1992. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier.
  173. Dunaj, B. 1985. Grupy spółgłoskowe współczesnej polszczyzny mówionej. Warszawa: PWN.
  174. Durand, Jacques. (ed.) 1986. Dependency and Non-linear Phonology. London: Croom Helm.
  175. Durand, Jacques. 1990. Generative and Non-Linear Phonology. London: Longman.
  176. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, K. 1990. A Theory of Second Language Acquisition within the Framework of Natural Phonology. A Polish-English Contrastive Study. Poznań: UAM Press.
  177. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. 1991. Beats and binding laws instead of the syllable. Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Vol. 2: 238-241.
  178. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. 1993. Acquisitional evidence against the phonological syllable. WLG 48-50. 145-160.
  179. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. 1995. Phonology Without the Syllable. A Study in the Natural Framework. Poznań: Motivex.
  180. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. 1995. Early Middle English vowel quantity changes in an anti-syllable framework. In Boretzky, N., W. Dressler, J. Oresnik, K. Terzan & W. Wurzel (eds.) Natürlichkeitstheorie und Sprachwandel, Beitrage zum internationalen Simposium, Maribor, 1993. Bochum: Universitatsverlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer. 13-30.
  181. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. 1996. Natural Phonology without the syllable. In Hurch, B. and R. Rhodes. (eds.) 53-72.
  182. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, K. 1997. Pre-and proto-in Polish phonology and morphology and their interrelations. PSiCL 33. 159-171.
  183. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. 1998. Self-organization in early phonology. In Puppel, Stanisław (ed.). 1998. Scripta Manent. Publikacja wydziałowa z okazji 10-lecia istnienia Wydziału Neofilologii UAM 1988-1998. Poznań: Motivex. 99-112.
  184. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna and Włodzimierz Sobkowiak. 2000. On the (meta?)phonotactics of file extension coining. In Puppel, Stanislaw & Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kołaczyk (eds.). Multis vocibus de lingua. Poznań: Dziekan Wydziału Neofilologii UAM & Motivex. 11-28.
  185. Dziubalska-Kołaczyk, Katarzyna. in press. (ed.). Constraints and Preferences. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs 134. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  186. Eckman, Fred R. 1977. Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Language Learning 27. 315-330.
  187. Eckman, Fred R., Edith A. Moravcsik, & Jessica R. Wirth. (eds.). 1986. Markedness. New York: Plenum Press.
  188. Echols, C.-H. and E.-L. Newport. 1992. The role of stress and position in determining first words. Language Acquisition 2, 3. 189-220.
  189. Edwards, Mary Louise and Lawrence D. Shriberg. 1983. Phonology. Applications in Communicative Disorders. San Diego: College-Hill Press.
  190. Eichner, Heiner. 1974. Untersuchungen zur hethitischen Deklination. Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg, Ph.D. diss. (Bamberg 1974: Difo-Druck).
  191. Elenius, K. and P. Branderud. (eds.). 1995. Proceedings of the XIIIth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Stockholm: KTH and Stockholm University.
  192. Eliasson, Stig and Ernst H. Jahr (eds.). 1997. Language and its Ecology: Essays in Memory of Einar Haugen. Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs, vol. 100. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  193. Faber, Alice. 1992. Phonemic segmentation as epiphenomenon: Evidence from the history of alphabetic writing. In P. Downing et al. (eds.). 111-134.
  194. Fallows, Deborah. 1981. Experimental evidence for English syllabification and syllable structure. Journal of Linguistics 17. 179-392.
  195. Fant, Gunnar, Anita Kruckenberg and Lennart Nord. 1991. Temporal organization and rhythm in Swedish. PICPhS 12. vol. 1. 251-256.
  196. Feger, Hubert and Volker Sorembe. 1983.Konflikt und Entscheidung. In: H. Thomae (ed.), Theorien und Formen der Motivation: Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, vol. 4. 536-711. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
  197. Fenk-Oczlon, Gertraud. 1989. Geläufigkeit als Determinante von phonologischen Backgrounding-Prozessen. Papiere zur Linguistik 40. 91-103.
  198. Ferguson, C.A., L. Menn and C. Stoel-Gammon (eds.). 1992. Phonological Development: Models, Research, Implications. Timonium, MD: York Press.
  199. Fijałkowska, Anna. 2000. Rhythm in speech and music. Unpublished M.A. thesis. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
  200. Fisiak, Jacek. 1968. A Short Grammar of Middle English. Warszawa: PWN.
  201. Flege, J.E. 1990. English vowel production by Dutch talkers: more evidence for the `similar' vs. `new' distinction. In J. Leather and A.R. James (eds.) New Sounds 90. Proceedings of the 1990 Amsterdam Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech. University of Amsterdam.
  202. Flege, J.E. 1991. Perception and production: the relevance of phonetic input in L2 phonolog. learning. In T. Huebner and Ch. A. Ferguson (eds.) Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theories. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 249-289.
  203. Flege, J.E. 1999. The relation between L2 production and perception. Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 1999, vol.2. 1273-1276.
  204. Fletcher, Paul and Brian MacWhinney (eds.) 199.. The Handbook of Child Language. Oxford: Blackwell.
  205. Foley, James. 1977. Foundations of Theoretical Phonology. Cambridge: CUP.
  206. Fourakis, M. and G. K. Iverson. 1984. On the `incomplete neutralization' of German final obstruents. Phonetica 41. 140-149.
  207. Fowler, Carol A. 1981. A relationship between coarticulation and compensatory shortening. Phonetica 38. 35-50.
  208. Fowler, Carol A. 1983. Converging sources of evidence on spoken and perceived rhythms of speech: cyclic production of vowels in monosyllabic stress feet. Journal of Experimental Psychology 12,3: 386-412.
  209. Fowler, Carol A. and L.G. Tassinary. 1981. Natural measurement criteria for speech: the anisochrony illusion. In Long, J. & A. Baddeley (eds.). Attention and Performance IX. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum. 521-535.
  210. Fowler, Carol A. K. Munhall E. Saltzman S. Hawkins, 1986. Acoustic and articulatory evidence for consonant-vowel interactions, presented at the 112th Meeting of the Acoustical Society.
  211. Frauenfelder, Uli H. and Aditi Lahiri. 1989. Understanding words and word recognition: does phonology help? In Marslen-Wilson (ed.) 319-341.
  212. Fromkin, Victoria. 1971. The non-anomalous nature of anomalous utterances. Language 47. 27-52.
  213. Fromkin, Victoria. 1973. Speech errors as linguistic evidence. Paris: Mouton.
  214. Fromkin, Victoria (ed.) 1985. Phonetic Linguistics: Essays in Honour of Peter Ladefoged. New York: Academic Press.
  215. Fudge, Erik. 1969. Syllables. Journal of Linguistics 5, 253-287.
  216. Fudge, Erik. 1973. Phonology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  217. Fudge, Erik. 1987. Branching structure within the syllable. Journal of Linguistics 5. 253-287.
  218. Fudge, Erik. 1989. Syllable structure: a reply to Davis. Journal of Linguistics 25,1. 219-220.
  219. Gamkrelidze, Thomas V. 1989. Alfavitnoe pis'mo i drevnegruzinskaja pis'mennost'. Tbilisi: Publ. House of the Tbilisi State University.
  220. Garrett, Merrill F. 1993. Errors and their relevance for models of language production. In Blanken et al. 1993: 72-92.
  221. Gasper, P.1993. Causation and explanation. In Boyd et al. (eds.). 289-297.
  222. Gąsiorowski, Piotr. 2000. Special Status: Presigmatised Stops. In Puppel and Dziubalska- Kołaczyk (eds.). 29-38.
  223. Gelb, Ignace J. 1952. A Study of Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  224. Gelb, Ignace J. 1955. Old Accadian Inscriptions in Chicago Natural History Museum. Fieldiana: Anthropology 44,2.
  225. Gerken, L.A. 1994. A metrical template account of children's weak syllable omissions from multisyllabic words. Journal of Child Language 21. 565-584.
  226. Gil, David. 1986. A prosodic typology of language. Folia Linguistica XX, 1-2. 165-232.
  227. Goldsmith, John A. 1976. An overview of autosegmental phonology. Linguistic Analysis 2. 23-68.
  228. Goldsmith, John A. 1979. Autosegmental Phonology. PhD. Diss. MIT, 1976. Distributed by IULC. New York: Garland Press.
  229. Goldsmith, John A. 1990. Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Goodell, Elizabeth W. and Michael Studdert-Kennedy. 1991. Articulatory organization of early words: from syllables to phoneme. ICPhS 12. vol.4. 166-169.
  230. Goodell, E. and M. Studdert-Kennedy. 1993. Acoustic evidence for the development of gestural coordination in the speech of 2 year olds: A longtitudinal study. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 36, 4. 707-727.
  231. Goodman, Judith C. and Howard C. Nusbaum. (eds.). 1994. The Development of Speech Perception: The Transition from Speech Sounds to Spoken Words. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
  232. Gósy, Mária. 1991a. On the process of word identification. In B. Palek and P. Janota (eds.). 372-385.
  233. Gósy, Mária. 1991b (ed.). Temporal factors in speech. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Grammont, Maurice. 1933/ 1946. Traité de phonétique. Paris: Libraire Delagrave.
  234. Green, M.W. 1989. Early Cuneiform. In W.M. Senner (ed.), The Origins of Writing. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press,43-57.
  235. Greenberg, Joseph H. 1962. Is the vowel-consonant dichotomy universal? Word 18. 73-81.
  236. Greenberg, C. 1981. Syllable structure in second language acquisition. Paper read at 1981 Annual Meeting of the LSA, New York.
  237. Guion, Susan G. 1996. Greek syllable structure. Evidence from Cyprian. Diachronica XIII, 1. 63-82.
  238. Gussmann, Edmund. 1991. Polish syllable structure: a hypothesis and its problems. In Maciej Grochowski and Daniel Weiss (eds.) Words are physicians for an ailing mind. München: Verlag Otto Sagner. 207-213.
  239. Gussmann, Edmund. 1992. Resyllabification and delinking: the case of Polish voicing. Linguistic Inquiry 23, 1: 29-56.
  240. Haarmann, Harald. 1990. Universalgeschichte der Schrift. Frankfurt: Campus.
  241. Haken, 1981. Synergetics: is self-organization governed by universal principles? In Jantsch (ed.).
  242. Hála, B. 1961. La syllabe, sa nature, son origine et ses transformations. Orbis 10. 69-143.
  243. Hall, Christopher J. 1992. Morphology and Mind. London: Routledge.
  244. Hall, Tracy Alan. 1992. Syllable structure and syllable related processes in German. Tübingen: Niemeyer.
  245. Halle, Morris and Jean-Roger Vergnaud. 1979. Metrical Phonology. Ms.
  246. Halliday, M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
  247. Hardcastle, William J. and John Laver (eds.). 1997. The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences. Oxford: Blackwell.
  248. Harris, John. 1990. Segmental complexity and phonological government. Phonology 7. 255- 300. Harris, John and Geoff Lindsey. in press. Segmental decomposition and the signal. In Dressler, W.U., Prinzhorn, M. and Rennison, J., (eds.).
  249. Harweg, Roland. 1989. Schrift und sprachliche Identität. Zur konnotativen Funktion von Schriftzeichen und Orthographien. In P. Eisenberg & H. Günther (eds.), Schriftsystem und Orthographie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 137-162.
  250. Haugen, E. 1956. The syllable in linguistic description. In For Roman Jakobson. The Hague: Mouton. 213-221.
  251. Hayes, Bruce. 1980. A Metrical Theory of Stress Rules. PhD Diss. MIT. circulated by the Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1981.
  252. Hayes, Bruce. 1996. Phonetically Driven Phonology: the role of Optimality Theory and Inductive Grounding. Proceedings volume of the 1996 Milwaukee Conference on Formalism and Functionalism in Linguistics.
  253. Heffner, R-M.S. 1964. General Phonetics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
  254. Hellberg, Steffan. 1980. Apparent naturalness in Faroese-Nordic. Journal of Linguistics 3. 1- 24.
  255. Hermann, Eduard. 1923. Silbenbildung im Griechischen und in den anderen indogermanischen Sprachen. Göttingen.
  256. Hieke, Al. 1987. Absorption and fluency in native and non-native casual English speech. In James and Leather (eds.).41-58.
  257. Hirst, Daniel. 1993. Peak, boundary and cohesion characteristics of prosodic grouping. In House, David and Paul Tonati (eds.). Proceedings of the ESCA Workshop on Prosody. Working Papers 41. Dept of Linguistics and Phonetics, Lund University. 32-37.
  258. Hjemslev, L. 1939. The syllable as a structural unit. PICPhS 3. Ghent. 266-272.
  259. Hoard, J.E. 1971. Aspiration, tenseness and syllabication in English. Language 47. 133. Hockett, Charles F. 1955. A Manual of Phonology. IJAL 21.
  260. Holenstein, Elmar. 1976. Linguistik, Semiotik, Hermaneutik: Plädoyers für eine strukturale Phänomenologie. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
  261. Hooper, Joan B. 1972. The syllable in phonological theory. Language 48. 525-540.
  262. Hooper, Joan B. 1976. An Introduction to Natural Generative Phonology. New York: Academic Press.
  263. Hooper, Joan B. 1979. Substantive principles in Natural Generative Phonology. In Dinnsen, D.A. (ed.): 106-125.
  264. Hudson, Grover. 1990. There are no syllables. Manuscript.
  265. Hudson, Grover. 1995. Consonant release and the syllable. Linguistics 33. 655-672.
  266. Hurch, Bernhard. 1982. H. Eine Studie zur kontrastiven Phonetik und Phonologie. Parallela 1982. Tübungen: Gunter Narr. 271-280.
  267. Hurch, Bernhard. 1988a. Phonetics and phonology or phonology and phonetics. ZPSK 1988.3. Hurch, Bernhard. 1988b. Über Aspiration. Ein Kapitel aus der natürlichen Phonologie. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.
  268. Hurch, Bernhard. 1991. Studien zur Akzenttheorie und ihre Anwendung auf die romanischen Sprachen (unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Italienischen). Habilitationsschrift. Universität Wuppertal.
  269. Hurch, Bernhard. 1996. Accentuations. In Hurch and Rhodes (eds.) 73-96.
  270. Hurch, Bernhard and Richard Rhodes (eds.). 1996. Natural Phonology: The State of the Art. Papers from the Bern Workshop on Natural Phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  271. Hyman, Larry, M. 1975. Phonology: Theory and Analysis. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
  272. Hyman, Larry, M. 1985. A Theory of Phonological Weight. Dodrecht: Foris.
  273. Hyman, Larry M. and Charles N. Li (eds.) 1988. Language, Speech and Mind. London: Routledge.
  274. Ingram, David. 1978. The role of the syllable in phonological development. In Bell and Hooper (eds.). 143-156.
  275. Ingram, David. 1989 (1991, 1992 reprints). First Language Acquisition. Method, Description and Explanation. Cambridge: CUP.
  276. Itô, Junko. 1986. Syllable Theory in Prosodic Phonology. Ph.D. Diss. University of Massachusetts.
  277. Jakielski, K. J. 1998. Motor organization in the acquisition of consonant clusters. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertation Services.
  278. Jakobson, Roman. 1941. Kindersprache, Aphasie und allgemeine Lautgesetze. Uppsala Univeritets Aarskrift.
  279. James, Allan R. 1987. The acquisition of phonological representation: a modular approach. In James and Leather (eds.).225-250.
  280. James, Allan R. 1988. The Acquisition of a Second Language Phonology. Tübingen: Gunter Narr. James, Allan R. and Jonathan Leather.(eds.). 1987. Sound Patterns in Second Language Acquisition. Dodrecht: Foris.
  281. Janicki, Karol. 1990. Toward non-essentialist sociolinguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  282. Janson, Tore. 1986. Cross-linguistic trends in the frequency of CV sequences. Phonology Yearbook 3: 179-186.
  283. Jantsch, E. (ed.) 1981. The Evolusionary Vision: Toward a Unifying Paradigm of Physical, Biological and Sociocultural Evolution. Boulder: Westview.
  284. Jassem, Wiktor and Lutosława Richter. 1989. Neutralization of voicing in Polish obstruents. Journal of Phonetics 17. 317-325.
  285. Jespersen, Otto. 1904/1913. Lehrbuch der Phonetik. Leipzig: Teubner.
  286. Jespersen, Otto. 1922. Language: its nature, development and origin. London: Allen and Unwin.
  287. Jessen, Michael. 1994. A survey of German word stress. Manuscript, University of Stuttgart. Johnson, Keith. 1987. Perceiving by syllables or by segments: evidence from the perception of subcategorical mismatches. OSU 36. 62-73.
  288. Jones, Charles. 1989. A history of English phonology. London: Longman.
  289. Jordan, Richard. 1974. A Handbook of Middle English. (translated and revised by Eugene Joseph Crook). The Hague/Paris.
  290. Jusczyk, P.W. 1992. Developing phonological categories from the speech signal. In Ferguson, C.A., L. Menn and C. Stoel-Gammon (eds.). Phonological Development: Models, Research, Implications. Timonium, MD: York Press. 17-65.
  291. Justeson, John S. 1977. Universals of language and universals of writing. In A. Juilland, A. Devine and L. Stephens (eds.), Linguistic Studies Offered to Joseph Greenberg. Vol.I. Saratoga: Anma Libri, 57-94.
  292. Justeson, John S. and Laurence D. Stephens. 1993. The evolution of syllabaries from alphabets: transmission, language contrast, and script typology. Die Sprache 35. 2-46.
  293. Kager, Rene. 1999. Optimality Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  294. Kahn, Daniel. 1976. Syllable-based Generalizations in English Phonology. Ph.D. Diss. MIT. Published 1980. New York: Garland Press.
  295. Kaisse, Ellen M. 1985. Connected Speech. NY: Academic Press.
  296. Karmiloff-Smith, A. 1992. Beyond Modularity: A Developmental Perspective on Cognitive Science. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
  297. Karpf, Annemarie. 1989. Ein neurophysiologisch orientiertes Modell des Spracherwerbs. In Kettemann, P. Bierbaumer, A. Fill and A. Karpf (eds.) Englisch als Zweitsprache. Tübingen: Narr. 7-26.
  298. Karpf, Annemarie. 1990. Selbstorganisationsprozesse in der sprachlichen Ontogenese. Tübingen: Narr.
  299. Karpf, Annemarie. 1991. Universal grammar needs organization. FoL 25:339-360.
  300. Karpf, A. 1993. Chaos and order in morphology (neuron watching included). In L.Tonelli and W.U. Dressler (eds.), Natural Morphology. Perspectives for the nineties. Padova: Unipress. 7- 20.
  301. Kauffman, Stuart. 1995. At home in the universe. The search for laws of self-organization and complexity. London: Penguin.
  302. Kawasaki, Haruko. 1982. An acoustical basis for universal constraints on sound sequences. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
  303. Kaye, Jonathan. 1990a. "Coda" licensing. Phonology 7. 301-330.
  304. Kaye, Jonathan. 1990b. The architecture of phonology. Lecture presented to the Philological Society, London, 11.05.1990.
  305. Kaye, Jonathan, Jean Lowenstamm and Jean-R. Vergnaud. 1985. The internal structure of phonological elements: a theory of charm and government. Phonology Yearbook 2. 305- 328.
  306. Kaye, Jonathan, Jean Lowenstamm and Jean-R. Vergnaud. 1990. Constituent structure and government in phonology. Phonology 7. 193-231.
  307. Kent, R.D. 1992. The biology of phonological development. In Ferguson et al. (eds.). 65-90.
  308. Kilani-Schoch, Marianne. 1982. Processus phonologiques, processus morphologiques et lapsus dans un corpus aphasique. Berne: Peter Lang.
  309. Kilani-Schoch, M. 1988. Introduction à la morphologie naturelle. Bern: Lang.
  310. Kilani-Schoch, Marianne. 1996. Syllable and foot in French clipping. In B. Hurch & R. Rhodes (eds.).135-152.
  311. Kiparsky, Paul. 1979. Metrical structure assignment is cyclic. Linguistic Inquiry 10.3. 521- 541.
  312. Kiparsky, Paul. 1981. Remarks on the metrical structure of the syllable. In W.U.Dressler, O.E. Pfeiffer,and J.R. Rennison (eds.). 245-256.
  313. Kiparsky, Paul. 1982. From Cyclic to Lexical Phonology. In van der Hulst and Smith (eds.). 131-175.
  314. Kiparsky, Paul. 1985. Some consequences of Lexical Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 2. 83- 138.
  315. Kiritani, Shigeru, K. Itoh, H. Hirose and M. Sawashima. 1977. Coordination of the consonant and vowel articulations -X-ray microbeam study on Japanese and English. Ann. Bull. RILP 111. 11-21.
  316. Kiritani, Shigeru and Masayuki Sawashima. The temporal relationship between articulations of consonants and adjacent vowels. Manuscript. 139-149.
  317. Kisseberth, C.W. 1970. On the functional unity of phonological rules. Linguistic Inquiry 1. 291-306.
  318. Klatt, Dennis H. 1989. Review of selected models of speech perception. In Marslen-Wilson (ed.).169-226.
  319. Kloster Jensen, M. 1963. Die Silbe in der Phonetik und Phonemik. Phonetica 9, 17-38.
  320. Knapp, Britta. 1995. Phonologische Prozesse im Erstspracherwerb: zwischen Natürlicher Phonologie und Selbstorganization. Diplomarbeit. Wien.
  321. Kohler, Klaus J. 1966. Is the syllable a phonological universal? Journal of Linguistics 2. 207- 208. Köster, Jens-Peter. 1992/93. Profiles in phonetics: Giulio Panconcelli-Calzia. The Phonetician 61. 3-10.
  322. Kreitmair, Wolfgang. 1984. Untersuchungen zur Silbenstruktur des Standarddeutschen. University of Munich, Department of German Philology MA Thesis.
  323. Krupa, Victor. 1968. The Maori Language. Moscow: `Nauka' Publishing House.
  324. Krupa, Victor. 1973. Polynesian Languages. A Survey of Research. The Hague: Mouton.
  325. Kučera, Henry and G.K. Monroe. 1968. A comparative phonology of Russian, Czech and German: A study in quantitative linguistics. New York: American Elsevier.
  326. Kuhl, P.K. 1998. The development of speech and language. In Carew, T.J., Menzel, R. and C.J. Shatz. (eds.). Mechanistic relationships between development and learning. John Wiley & Sons.
  327. Kuhl, P.K. and A.N. Meltzoff. 1995. Vocal learning in infants: development of perceptual- motor links for speech. In Elenius, K. and P. Branderud. (eds.). ICPhS 1995. vol.1. 146- 149.
  328. Kuijpers, C.T.L. 1995. Production-perception relationship in the voicing contrast for medial stops in children and adults. In Elenius, K. and P. Branderud. (eds.). ICPhS 1995. vol.1. 134-137.
  329. Kukkonen, Pirkko. 1990. Patterns of Phonological Disturbances in Adult Aphasia. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
  330. Kuryłowicz, Jerzy. 1948. Contribution à la théorie de la syllabe. Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego 8. 80-114.
  331. Kuryłowicz, Jerzy. 1952. Uwagi o polskich grupach spółgłoskowych. Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego 12, 221-232.
  332. Kurath, Hans. 1956. The loss of long consonants and the rise of voiced fricatives in Middle English. Language 32. 435-445.
  333. Ladefoged, Peter. 1975. A course in phonetics. London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  334. Lahiri, Aditi. in press. Trochaic system in Later Germanic. In Dressler, Wolfgang U., Prinzhorn, Martin and Rennison, John. (eds.).
  335. Langacker, Ronald W. 1988. The Cognitive Perspective. Duisburg: Linguistic Agency University Duisburg A 197.
  336. Lass, Roger. 1980. On some possible weaknesses of `strong naturalism'. Travaux du cercle linguistique de Copenhague 20. 93-102.
  337. Lass, Roger. 1981. Explaining language change: the future of an illusion. In Dressler,W.U., O.E. Pfeiffer,and J.R. Rennison (eds.). 257-273.
  338. Lass, Roger. 1983. Quantity, resolution, and syllable geometry. Folia Linguistica Historica IV, 2. 151-180.
  339. Lass, Roger. 1984. Phonology. An Introduction to Basic Concepts. Cambridge: CUP.
  340. Laver, John. 1994. Principles of Phonetics. Cambridge: CUP.
  341. Leather, J. and A.R. James. 1991. The acquisition of second language speech. SSLA 13. 305- 341. Leben, William. 1980. A metrical analysis of length. Linguistic Inquiry 11.3. 497-509.
  342. Lebrun, Yvan. 1990. Apraxia of speech: a critical review. Journal of Neurolinguistics 5, 4. 379-406.
  343. Lehiste, Ilse. 1970. Suprasegmentals. Cambridge, Mass.: The M.I.T. Press.
  344. Lew, Robert. 1997. An experimental investigation of regressive sandhi voicing in the speech of advanced Polish learners of English. In Waniek-Klimczak, E. (ed.) Teaching English phonetics and phonology II. Accents '97. Łódź: Uniwersytet Łódzki. 31-42.
  345. Lew, Robert. in press. Differences in the scope of obstruent voicing assimilation in learners' English as a consequence of regional variation in Polish. In Waniek-Klimczak, E. and Melia, P.J. (eds.) Accents and Speech in English. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
  346. Liberman, Anatoly. 1992. A bird's-eye view of open syllable lengthening in English and in the other Germanic languages. Nowele 20, 67-87.
  347. Liberman, Mark. 1979. The intonational system of English. PhD. Diss. MIT, 1975. New York: Garland Press.
  348. Liberman, Mark and Alan Prince. 1977. On stress and linguistic rhythm. Linguistic Inquiry 8. 249-336.
  349. Lichem, Klaus 1970. Phonetik und Phonologie des heutigen Italienisch. Berlin: Akademieverlag.
  350. Lieber, Rochelle. 1979. On Middle English Lengthening in Open Syllables. Linguistic Analysis 5, 1. 1-27.
  351. Lieberman, Stephen. 1977. The Sumerian Loanwords in Old-Babylonian Accadian. Missoula: Scholars Press.
  352. Lindblom, Björn, Peter MacNeilage and Michael Studdert-Kennedy. 1984. Self-organizing processes and the explanation of phonological universals. In Butterworth, Brian, Bernard Comrie and Östen Dahl (eds.) Explanations for Language Universals. Berlin: Mouton. 181- 204.
  353. Lindblom, Bjørn. 1986. Phonetic universals in vowel systems. In Ohala, John J. and John J. Jaeger (eds.). Experimental Phonology. Orlando: Academic Press. 13-44.
  354. Lindblom, Bjørn and Ian Maddieson 1988. Phonetic universals in consonant systems. In Larry Hyman & Charles N. Li (eds.), 62-78.
  355. Lindner, Elisabeth. 1985. Untersuchungen zu Silbentheorien bei Aphasie. Magisterarbeit Universität Wien.
  356. Lindsey, Geoff and David Gil. 1991. Towards a theory of tonal interpretation. In B. Palek and P. Janota (eds.). 466-477.
  357. Lindsey, Geoff and John Harris. 1990. Phonetic interpretation in generative grammar. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics 2. 355-369.
  358. Locke, John. 1983. Phonological Acquisition and Change. New York: Academic Press.
  359. López-García, Angel. 1990. Introduction to Topological Linguistics. Valencia: LynX.
  360. Lovins, Julie B. 1973. Loanwords and the phonological structure of Japanese. University of Chicago diss. Bloomington: IULC.
  361. Luick, Karl. 1914/21. Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache. Stuttgart: Bernhard Tauchnitz. (reprinted 1964).
  362. Lukatela,G.,C.Carell & M.T. Turvey. 1987. Lexical representation of regular and irregular inflected nouns in the internal lexicon. Language and Cognitive Processes 2. 1-17.
  363. Luschützky, Hans Christian. 1992. Zur Phonologie der Affrikaten. In Forum Phonetikum, vol. 48. Frankfurt am Main: Hector.
  364. Luschützky, Hans Christian. 1993. Synchrone und diachrone Aspekte der phonologischen Prozeßtypologie. Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität Wien.
  365. Lüdtke, Helmut. 1969. Die Alphabetschrift und das Problem der Lautsegmentierung. Phonetica 20. 147-176.
  366. MacKay, Donald G. 1970. Context-dependent stuttering. Kybernetik 7. 1-9.
  367. MacKay, Donald G. 1972. The structure of words and syllables: evidence from errors in speech. Cognitive Psychology 3. 210-227.
  368. MacNeilage, Peter F. 1998. The frame/content theory of evolution of speech production. Behavioral and brain Sciences 21. 499-511.
  369. MacNeilage, Peter F. and Barbara L. Davis. 1999. Consonant (vowel) consonant sequences in early words. ICPhS 99, San Francisco, Vol. 3. 2489-2492.
  370. Maddieson,Ian 1984. Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge: CUP.
  371. Maddieson,Ian 1985. Phonetic cues to syllabification. In Victoria Fromkin (ed.), 203-221.
  372. Maddieson, Ian. in press. Universals of segment sequences: a cross-linguistic lexical survey. In Dressler, Wolfgang U., Prinzhorn, Martin and Rennison, John. (eds.) ?
  373. Maddieson, Ian. 1999. In search of universals. ICPhS99. vol.3. 2521-2528. (In: John J. Ohala, Yoko Hasegawa, Manjari Ohala, Daniel Granville and Ashlee C. Bailey (eds.), Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 1999, vol. 3, 2521-2528.)
  374. Maddieson, Ian. 1999. Strength matters? ICPhS 99. vol.3. 1965-1968.
  375. Maddieson, Ian and Kristin Precoda. 1992. Syllable structure and phonetic models. Phonology 9: 45-60.
  376. Major, Roy. 1987. The natural phonology of second language acquisition. In James and Leather (eds.). 207-224.
  377. Malmberg, B. 1955. The phonetic basis for syllable division. Studia Linguistica IX. 80-87.
  378. Marazzi, Massimiliano. 1990. Il geroglifico anatolico. Roma: Università La Sapienza.
  379. Mareš, František V. 1977. Silabi_ne likvide u srpskohrvatskom i u _eškom jeziku. In Zbornik radova -povodom 70. godišnjice _ivota akad. J. Vukovi_a, ANU BiH, Posebna izdanja, knj. XXXIV, odjeljenje društvenih nauka, knj. 6, ured. B. Durdev. Sarajevo. 217-222.
  380. Mareš, F.V. 1984/1985. Sudbina srpskohrvatskih slogovnih likvida u svetlu razvoja vokalskog sistema. In Zbornik Matice srpske za filologiju i lingvistiku XXVII do XXVIII za 1984-1985 (= Festschrift M. and P. Ivi_). Novi Sad. 431-434.
  381. Mareš, F.V. 1988. Srpskohrvatski novoštokavski prozodijski sistem (u sinhroni_nom pogledu)[Das serbokroatische neustokavische prosodische System (in synchroner Sicht)] In Prvi lingvisti_ki nau_ni skup u spomen na Radosava Boškovi_a (=CANU, Nau_ni skupovi, knj. 17, Odjeljenje umjetnosti, knj. 6). Titograd (=Podgorica). 225-231.
  382. Marslen-Wilson, William.(ed.). 1989. Lexical Representation and Process. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
  383. Martinet, Andre. 1952. Langues à syllables ouvertes: le cas du slave commun. Zeitschrift für Phonetik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, 6, 145-163.
  384. Martinet, Andre. 1954. Accents et tons. Misc.Phon.II. London, 13.
  385. Mayerthaler, Willi. 1982. Markiertheit in der Phonologie. In Vennemann, Theo (ed.). Silben, Segmente, Akzente. Tübingen: Niemeyer. 205-246.
  386. McCarthy, John. 1979. On stress and syllabification. Linguistic Inquiry 10. 443-465.
  387. McCarthy, John. 1981. Prosodic theory of nonconcatenative morphology. Linguistic Inquiry 12,3. 373-418.
  388. McCarthy, John. 1982. Prosodic templates, morphemic templates and morphemic tiers. In van der Hulst, Harry & Norval Smith (eds.). 191-224.
  389. McCarthy, John. 1988. Feature geometry and dependency. In Fujimura, O. (ed.). Articulatory Organization -from Phonology to Speech Signals. Basel: S. Karger.
  390. McCarthy, John and Alan Prince. 1993. Generalized Alignment. Ms. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, and Rutgers University, New Brunswick.
  391. Meillet, A. 1924. Le Slave Commun. Paris: Champion.
  392. Mendez-Dosuna, Julian and Carmen Pensado (eds.) 1990. Naturalists at Krems. Salamanca: Salamanca UP.
  393. Menn, Lise. 1986. Language acquisition, aphasia and phonotactic universals. In Eckman et al. (eds.). 241-256.
  394. Meringer, Rudolf. 1908. Aus dem Leben der Sprache. Berlin: Behr.
  395. Merkel, C.L. 1866. Physiologie der menschlichen Sprache. Leipzig.
  396. Mester, R. Armin. 1994. The quantitative trochee in Latin. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 12, 1. 1-62.
  397. Miceli, Gabriele and Alfonso Caramazza. 1988. Dissociation of inflectional and derivational morphology. Brain and Language 35. 24-65.
  398. Mierzejewska, Halina. 1971. Zaburzenia polskiego systemu fonetycznego w niektórych wypadkach afazji. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
  399. Mierzejewska, Halina. 1977. Afatyczna dezintegracja fonetycznej postaci wyrazów. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
  400. Miller, D. Gary. 1978. Time and word-length as meta-determiners of phonological change. 53 rd Annual Meeting of the LSA, Boston. Meeting Handbook 35.
  401. Miller, D. Gary. 1993. Ancient scripts and phonological knowledge. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
  402. Minkova, Donka. 1982. The environment for Open Syllable Lengthening in Middle English. Folia Linguistica Historica III,1. 29-58.
  403. Minkova, Donka. 1984. Early Middle English metric elision and schwa deletion. In Blake, Norman F. and Charles Jones (eds), English Historical Linguistics: Studies in Development. Sheffield: CECTAL, 56-66.
  404. Minkova, Donka and Robert P. Stockwell. 1992. Homorganic clusters as moric busters in the history of English: the case of -ld, -nd, -mb. In Rissanen , Matti, Ossi Ihalainen, Terttu Nevalainen and Irma Taavitsainen (eds), History of Englishes. Berlin -NY: Mouton de Gruyter, 191-206.
  405. Mitchell, Pamela R. 1995. A dynamic interactive developmental view of early speech and language production: Application to clinical practice in motor speech disorders. Seminars in Speech and Language 16, 2. 100-109. (guest editor: Anthony J. Caruso, Motor Speech Disorders in Children.)
  406. Morais, José, Alain Content, Luz Cary, Jacques Mehler and Juan Segui. 1989. Syllabic segmentation and literacy. Language and Cognitive Processes 4. 57-67.
  407. Morpurgo Davies, Anna. 1987. Mycenaean and Greek Syllabification. In P.H. Ilievski and L. Crepajac (eds.), Tractata Mycenaea. Skopje: The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 91-104.
  408. Moskowitz, A. 1971. The Acquisition of Phonology. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
  409. Mossé, Fernand. 1952. A Handbook of Middle English. (translated by J.A. Walker) Baltimore: The John Hopkins Press.
  410. Murray, Robert W. 1988. Phonological Strength and Early Germanic Syllable Structure. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.
  411. Myers, T., J. Laver and J. Anderson (eds.). 1981. The Cognitive Representation of Speech. North-Holland Publishing Company.
  412. Nathan, Geoffrey. 1996. Steps towards a cognitive phonology. In Hurch and Rhodes (eds.). 107-120.
  413. Nespor, Marina and Irene Vogel. 1982. Prosodic domains of external sandhi rules. In van der Hulst, Harry and Norval Smith (eds.). 225-255.
  414. Nespor, Marina and Irene Vogel. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dodrecht: Foris.
  415. Nespoulous, Jean-Luc and Pierre Villiard. 1990. (eds.) Morphology, Phonology, and Aphasia. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  416. Nolan, Francis. 1986. The implications of partial assimilation and incomplete neutralisation. Cambridge Papers in Phonetics and Experimental Linguistics 5. (each paper numbered separately)
  417. Nolan, Francis. and Paul E. Kerswill. 1990. The description of connected speech processes. In Ramsaran (ed.). 295-316.
  418. Nooteboom, Sieg G. 1991. Some observations on the temporal organization and rhythm of speech, Proceedings of the 12th Internat. Congress of Phonetic Sciences, vol.1: 227-237 (a conference with contributions by: F. Bell-Berti, R.-T. Carlson, G. Fant, K. Kohler: 238-261).
  419. Noske, Roland. 1989. Syllable geometry. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 4. 119-144.
  420. Noske, Roland. 1993. A Theory of Syllabification and Segmental Alternation. With Studies on the Phonology of French, German, Tonkawa and Yawelmani. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
  421. O'Connor, J.D. and J.L.M. Trim. 1953. Vowel, consonant and syllable -a phonological definition. Word 9. 103-122.
  422. Odden, David. 1986. Review of Hyman, Larry M. 1985. Language 62, 3. 669-673.
  423. Ogura, Mieko. 1987. Historical English Phonology. A lexical perspective. Tokyo: Kenkyusha.
  424. Ohala, John J. 1986. Consumer's guide to evidence in phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3. 3- 26.
  425. Ohala, John J. 1987. Experimental Phonology. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, Berkeley Linguistic Society 13. 207-222.
  426. Ohala, John J. 1990a. Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining segmental sequential constraints. The Parasession on the Syllable in Phonetics and Phonology. CLS 26, 2, 319-338.
  427. Ohala, John J. 1990b. The phonetics and phonology of aspects of assimilation. In Kingston, J. and M. Beckman (eds.). Papers in Laboratory Phonology I. Cambridge: CUP. 258-275.
  428. Ohala, John J. 1990c. There is no interface between phonology and phonetics: a personal view. Journal of Phonetics 18. 1-19.
  429. Ohala, John J. 1991. The intergration of phonetics and phonology. ICPhS 91. Vol. 1. 1-16.
  430. Ohala, John J. 1992. The costs and benefits of phonological analysis. In Downing et al (eds.).211-238.
  431. Ohala, John J. 1997. The relation between phonetics and phonology. In Hardcastle, W.J. and J. Laver (eds.). The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences. Oxford: Blackwell. 674-694.
  432. Ohala, John and H. Kawasaki 1984. Prosodic phonology and phonetics. Phonology Yearbook 11. 113-129.
  433. Oller, D.K. 1980. The emergence of the sounds of speech in infancy. In Yeni-Komshian et al. (eds.). 93-112.
  434. Oller, D.K. 1981. Infant vocalizations: exploration and reflexivity. In Stark (ed.). 85-103.
  435. Oller, D.K. 1986. Metaphonology and infant vocalizations. In Lindblom, B. and R. Zetterstrom (eds.) Precursors of Early Speech. New York: Stockton Press. 37-50.
  436. Ortmann, Wolf Dieter. 1991. Lautnachbarschaften im Deutschen. Typen, Häufigkeiten, Übungsbeispiele, rechnersortiert anhand von 7995 Wortformen der KAEDING-Zählung und 1 Million laufender Textwörter des LIMAS-Corpus. München: Goethe-Institut.
  437. Palek, B. and P. Janota (eds.) 1991. Proceedings of LP'90. Prague: Charles University Press.
  438. Panagl, Oswald. 1993. Musik und Sprachwissenschaft. Brückenschläge, Holzwege, "falsche Freunde". Vorläufige Kurzfassung. Ms.
  439. Passy, P. 1890. Étude sur les changements phonétiques. Paris.
  440. Peirce, Charles S. 1965. Collected Papers, edited by C. Hartshorne & P. Weiss. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  441. Peters, Ann M. 1993. Language typology, prosody, and the acquisition of grammatical morphemes. In Dan I. Slobin (ed.) The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition. vol.4. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  442. Peters, Ann M. 199... Strategies in the acquisition of grammatical morphemes. In Paul Fletcher and Brian MacWhinney (eds.) The Handbook of Child Language. Oxford: Blackwell.
  443. Peters, Ann M. 1997. The role of prosody in the acquisition of grammatical morphemes: Evidence from two Chinese languages. Journal of Child Language 24. 627-650.
  444. Peters, Ann M. and Lise Menn. 1993. False starts and filler syllables: Ways to learn grammatical morphemes. Language 69, 4. 742-777.
  445. Pettersson, John S. 1991. Critique of evolutionary accounts of writing. Uppsala, Reports Uppsala University Linguistics 21.
  446. Peuser, Günter. 1978. Aphasie. München: Fink.
  447. Picard, Marc. 1992. Syllable structure, sonority and speech errors: a critical assessment. Folia Linguistica 26, 3-4. 453-466.
  448. Pike, Kenneth. 1943. Phonetics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  449. Pike, Kenneth. 1945. The Intonation of American English. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Publications.
  450. Pike, Kenneth. 1947. Phonemics. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
  451. Pike, Kenneth and Eunice Victoria Pike. 1947. Immediate constituents of Mazateco syllables. International Journal of American Linguistics 13. 78-91.
  452. Pinnow, Heinz-Jürgen. 1964. Die nordamerikanischen Indianersprachen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  453. Pisoni, DD.B. 1997. Some thoughts on "normalization" in speech perception. In Johnson, K. and J.W. Mullenix. (eds.). Talker variability in speech processing. San Diego: Academic Press.
  454. Port, R., Mitleb F. and M. O'Dell. 1981. Neutralization of obstruent devoicing in German is incomplete. Journal of Acoustic Society of America. 70 supplement 1, 13.
  455. Prigogine, I. 1976. Order through fluctuation: self-organization and social system. In Jantsch, E. and C. Waddington (eds.) Evolution and Consciousness. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley. 93-126.
  456. Prince, Alan. 1983. Relating to the Grid. Linguistic Inquiry 14. 19-100.
  457. Prince, Alan and Paul Smolensky. 1993. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Ms. Technical Reports of the Rutgers University, Center for Cognitive Science.
  458. Prosdocimi, Aldo L. 1967. La lingua venetica 2. Padova: Istituto di Glottologia. Prosody 2000: Speech recognition and synthesis. Abstracts of papers. Workshop. Kraków 2000. Pulgram, Ernst. 1970. Syllable, word, nexus, cursus. The Hague: Mouton.
  459. Pulleyblank, E. 1989. The role of coronal articulation based features. CLS 25. 379-393.
  460. Puppel, Stanislaw and Katarzyna, Dziubalska-Kołaczyk. 2000. (eds.). Multis vocibus de lingua. W czterdziestolecie pracy naukowo-dydaktycznej Profesora Jacka Fisiaka (1959-1999). Poznań: Dziekan Wydziału Neofilologii UAM & Motivex.
  461. Pye, Susan. 1986. Word-final devoicing of obstruents in Russian. Cambridge Papers in Phonetics and Experimental Linguistics 5. (each paper numbered separately)
  462. Ramsaran, S. (ed.). 1999. Studies in the Pronunciation of English. London and New York: Routledge.
  463. Repp, Bruno. 1978. Perceptual integration and differentiation of spectral cues for intervocalic consonants. Perception and Psychophysics 24, 5. 471-485.
  464. Reszkiewicz, Alfred. 1973. A Diachronic Grammar of Old English. Warszawa: PWN.
  465. Rice, Keren D. 1992. On deriving sonority: a structural account of sonority relationships. Phonology 9: 61-100.
  466. Ritt, Nikolaus. 1992. Adjustments of vowel quantity in Early Middle English.[Ph.D.dissertation. University of Vienna.] 1994 Quantity adjustment. Vowel lengthening and shortening in Early Middle English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  467. Ritt, Nikolaus. in press. Are optimality theoretical "constraints" the same as natural linguistic "preferences"? In Dziubalska-Kołaczyk (ed.).
  468. Roach, Peter. 1982. On the distinction between `stress-timed' and `syllable-timed' languages. In Crystal, D. (ed.), Linguistic Controversies. London: Edward Arnold. 73-79.
  469. Roach, Peter. 1999. Rhythm and timing in English speech. A talk presented at Speech'99, Łódź 1999.
  470. Ronneberger-Sibold,E. 1992. Die Lautgestalt neuer Wurzeln. Kürzungen und Kunstwörter im Deutschen und Französischen. Habilitationsschrift, unpublished.
  471. Ronneberger-Sibold,E. 1996. "Preferred sound shapes of new roots: On some phonotactic and prosodic properties of shortenings in German and French". In B.Hurch & R.Rhodes (eds). 1996. 261-92.
  472. Ronneberger-Sibold,E. 1997a. "Foreign elements in German and French trade names". In R.Hickey & S.Puppel (eds). 1997. 1781-1800.
  473. Ronneberger-Sibold,E. 1997b. "Sprachökonomie und Wortschöpfung". In T.Birkmann et al. (eds). 1997. 249-61.
  474. Ronneberger-Sibold,E. 1998. "'Form follows function': Zur Geschichte der deutschen Markennamen". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 12. 212-32.
  475. Rosetti, Alexandru. 1959. Sur la théorie de la syllabe. The Hague: Mouton & Co.
  476. Rubach, Jerzy. 1984. Cyclic and Lexical Phonology: The Structure of Polish. Dodrecht: Foris Publications.
  477. Rubach, Jerzy. 1993. The Lexical Phonology of Slovak. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  478. Rubach, Jerzy and Geert Booij. 1990. Syllable structure assignment in Polish. Phonology 7, 121-158.
  479. Rubach, Jerzy and Geert Booij. 1992. Resolutions of extrasyllabicity in Slovak. Linguistics 30, 699-729.
  480. Sagey, Elisabeth. 1986. The Representation of Features and Relations in Non-linear Phonology. Ph.D. dissertation. MIT.
  481. Sampson, Geoffrey. 1985. Writing Systems. London: Hutchinson.
  482. Sapir, Edward. 1933 (1963). The psychological reality of phonemes. Selected Writings of E. Sapir, edited by D. J. Mandelbaum. Berkeley: University of California Press. 46-60.
  483. Sato, C. 1984. Phonological processes in second language acquisition: another look at interlanguage syllable structure. Language Learning 34. 43-57.
  484. Scancarelli, Janine. 1992. Aspiration and Cherokee orthographies. In P. Downing et al. (eds.).135-152.
  485. Scherer, Bernd M. 1984. Prolegomena zu einer einheitlichen Zeichentheorie. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.
  486. Schmitt, Alfred. 1980. Entstehung und Entwicklung von Schriften. Köln: Böhlau.
  487. Schwarz, R. and L. Leonard. 1982. Do children pick and choose? An examination of phonological selection and avoidance in early lexical acquisition. Journal of Child Language 9. 319-336.
  488. Schwyzer, Eduard. 1953. Griechische Grammatik I. Munich: Beck.
  489. Selkirk, Elisabeth O. 1982. The syllable. In Harry van der Hulst and Norval Smith (eds.). 337- 383.
  490. Selkirk, Elisabeth O. 1984. On the major class features and syllable theory. In Mark Aronoff and R.T Oehrle (eds.) Language Sound Structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 107-136.
  491. Senner, Wayne M. 1989. (ed.), The Origins of Writing. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press.
  492. Serébrennikow, B.A. 1975. Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft. Band I. Existenzformen, Funktionen und Geschichte der Sprache. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
  493. Shattuck-Hufnagel, Stefanie. 1986. The representation of phonological information during speech production planning: evidence from vowel error in spontaneous speech. Phonology Yearbook 3. 117-149.
  494. Shockey, Linda. 1973. Phonetic and Phonological Properties of Connected Speech. Ph.D. dissertation: Ohio State University.
  495. Shockey, Linda. 1997. Perception of reduced forms by native and non-native speakers of English. In Leather , J. & A. James (eds.). New Sounds 97. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech. Klagenfurt. 314-320.
  496. Shockey, Linda. 1999. Perception of casual speech in a foreign language. ICPhS 99. vol. 2.1441-1442.
  497. Sievers, Eduard. 1901. Grundzüge der Phonetik. Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel.
  498. Sigurd, Bengt. 1955. Rank order of consonants established by distributional criteria. Studia Linguistica 9. 8-20.
  499. Singer, W. 1990. Search for coherence: a basic principle of cortical self-organization. Concepts in Neuroscience 1,1. 1-26.
  500. Siptár, P. 1991. Fast-speech processes in Hungarian. In Gósy, M. (ed.), Temporal factors in speech. Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
  501. Skinner, B.F. 1957. Verbal behaviour. New York: Allpeton-Century-Crofts.
  502. Skousen, Royal. 1975. Substantive evidence in phonology. The Hague: Mouton.
  503. Slobin, Dan I. (ed.). 1993. The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition. vol.4. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  504. Slowiaczek, Louisa M. and Daniel A. Dinnsen. 1985. On the neutralising status of Polish word-final devoicing. Journal of Phonetics 13. 325-341.
  505. Slowiaczek, Louisa M. and Helena J. Szymanska. 1989. Perception of word-final devoicing in Polish. Journal of Phonetics 17. 205-212.
  506. Smith, Edward R. 1980. Natural Phonology of Japanese. University of Hawaii diss.
  507. Smith, Anne, Lisa Goffman and Rachel E. Stark. 1995. Speech motor development. Seminars in Speech and Language 16, 2. 87-99. (guest editor: Anthony J. Caruso, Motor Speech Disorders in Children.)
  508. Sobkowiak,W. 1991. Metaphonology of English paronomasic puns. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Verlag.
  509. Sobkowiak, Włodzimierz. 1994a. Phonetic access dictionaries in EFL: from vision to project. Nordlyd 21. 33-41.
  510. Sobkowiak, Włodzimierz. 1994b. Beyond the year 2000: phonetic access dictionaries (with word-frequency information) in EFL. System 22, 4. 509-23.
  511. Stampe, David. 1968. Yes, Virginia, ... CLS. (Ms not submitted for publication)
  512. Stampe, David. 1969. The acquisition of phonetic representation. CLS 5: 443-453. (1979. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club).
  513. Stampe, David. 1973. On Chapter Nine. In Kenstowicz, Michael and Charles Kisseberth (eds.). Issues in Phonological Theory. The Hague: Mouton. 44-52.
  514. Stampe, David. 1979. A Dissertation on Natural Phonology. New York: Garland.
  515. Stampe, David. 1986. On phonological representation. Phonologica 1984. 287-300.
  516. Stark, Heinz K. and Jacqueline A. Stark. 1990. Syllable structure in Wernicke's aphasia. In Nespoulous & Villiard 1990: 213-234.
  517. Stark, R. (ed.). 1980. Language behaviour in infancy and early childhood. New York: Elsevier North-Holland.
  518. Stegmüller, Wolfgang. 1979. Hauptströmungen der Gegenwartsphilosophie. Eine kritische Einführung. Band II. Stuttgart: Alfred Kröner Verlag.
  519. Stegmüller, Wolfgang. 1983. Probleme und Resulatate der Wissenschaftstheorie und Analytischen Philosophie, Band I. Erklärung -Begründung -Kausalität. Berlin: Springer- Verlag.
  520. Stemberger, Joseph P. 1993. Spontaneous and evoked slips of the tongue. In Blanken et al. 1993: 53-72.
  521. Stemberger, Joseph P. & Brian MacWhinney. 1988. Are inflected forms stored in the lexicon? In M. Hammond & M. Noonan (eds.) Theoretical Morphology. San Diego: Academic Press. 101-116.
  522. Stephany, Ursula. 1994. Phonologische Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Kindersprache aus synchroner und diachroner Sicht. In Ramers, Karl Heinz, Heinz Vater and Henning Wode (eds.) Universale phonologische Strukturen und Prozesse. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. 205- 222.
  523. Steriade, Donca. 1982. Greek Prosodies and the Nature of Syllabification. PhD. Diss. MIT. Steriade, Donca. 1987. Redundant values. CLS 23. 339-362.
  524. Stetson, R.H. 1951. Motor Phonetics. A study of speech movements in action. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  525. Stevens, Kenneth N. and Samuel J.Keyser. 1989. Primary features and their enhancement in consonants. Language 65. 81-106.
  526. Stockwell, Robert P. and Donka Minkova. 1992. Syllable weight in the history of English. ICEHL 7, Valencia. Ms.
  527. Strange, Winifred. 1996. Phonetics of Second-Language Acquisition: Past, Present, Future. 13th ICPhS, 4: 76-83.
  528. Strange, Winifred. 1999. Levels of abstraction in characterizing cross-language phonetic similarity. Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences 1999, vol.3. 2513-2517.
  529. Studdert-Kennedy, Michael. 1981. Perceiving phonetic segments. In Myers, T., J. Laver and J. Anderson (eds.). The Cognitive Representation of Speech. North-Holland Publishing Company. 3-10.
  530. Sweet, Henry. 1877/1906
  531. A Primer of Phonetics. Oxford.
  532. Szpyra, Jolanta. 1992. Ghost segments in nonlinear phonology: Polish yers. Language 68, 2, 277-312.
  533. Tarone, E. 1984. The role of the syllable in interlanguage phonology. In Eliasson, Stig (ed.). Theoretical Issues in Contrastive Phonology. Heidelberg: Groos. 63-72.
  534. Tesar, Bruce and Paul Smolensky. 1993. The learning of Optimality Theory: an algorithm and some basic complexity results. preprint. Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado at Boulder.
  535. Thausing, M. 1863. Das natürliche Lautsystem der menschlichen Sprache. Leipzig: W. Engelmann.
  536. Thelen, E. 1981. Rhythmical behaviour in infancy: An ethological perspective. Developmental Psychology 17. 237-257.
  537. Thelen, E. 1993. Early motor skill acquisition. In Turkewitz, G. and D. Devenny (rds.). Developmental time and timing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  538. Togeby, K. 1951. Structure immanente de la langue francaise. (TCLC 6). Extracts reprinted as "Phonotactics" in Erik Fudge (ed.) 1973. Phonology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
  539. Tonelli, Livia. 1981. Überlegungen zur Natürlichen Phonologie. Kontrastive Analyse des Boznerischen und des Südtiroler Italienischen. Ph.D. diss. University of Vienna (1984. Serie: Monografie N. 23. Trieste: Università degli Studi di Trieste)
  540. Tovar, Antonio. 1951. Léxico de las iscripciones ibéricas. Estudios dedicados a Ramon Menéndez Pidal 2. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. 273-323.
  541. Trager, G.L. and B. Bloch. 1941. The syllabic phonemes of English. Language 17. 223-246.
  542. Tranel, Bernard. 1991. CVC light syllables, geminates and Moraic Theory. Phonology 8. 291- 302.
  543. Treiman, Rebecca. 1983. The structure of spoken syllables: evidence from novel word games. Cognition 15. 49-74.
  544. Treiman, Rebecca. 1985. Onsets and rhymes as units of spoken syllables: evidence from children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 39. 161-181.
  545. Treiman, Rebecca. 1986. The division between onsets and rhymes in English syllables. Journal of Memory and Language 25. 476-491.
  546. Treiman, Rebecca. 1989. The internal structure of the syllable. In Carlson, G.N. and M.H. Tanenhaus (eds.). Linguistic Structure in Language Processing. Dodrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 27-52.
  547. Treiman, Rebecca. 1992. Experimental studies of English syllabification. In Dressler, Wolfgang U., Hans C. Luschützky, Oskar E. Pfeiffer, and John R. Rennison (eds.). 273- 282.
  548. Trnka, Bohumil. 1968. A phonological Analysis of Present-Day Standard English. Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
  549. Tropf, Herbert. 1987. Sonority as a variability factor in second language phonology. In James and Leather (eds.). 173-192.
  550. Tucker,P. 1999. "Extension". http://www.whatis.com/extensio.htm.
  551. Tyler, Lorraine K., Susan Behrens, Howard Cobb and William Marslen-Wilson. 1990. Processing distinctions between stems and affixes: evidence from a non-fluent aphasic patient. Cognition 36. 129-153.
  552. Ungerer, Friedrich and Hans-Jörg Schmid. 1996. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics. London: Longman.
  553. Untermann, Jürgen. 1962. Das silbenschriftliche Element in der iberischen Schrift. Emerita 30,2. 281-294.
  554. van der Hulst, Harry. 1984. Syllable structure and stress in Dutch. Dodrecht: Foris.
  555. van der Hulst, Harry. (ed.). 1999. Word Prosodic Systems in the Languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton.
  556. van der Hulst, Harry and Norval Smith (eds.). 1982. Part I. The Structure of Phonological Representations. Dodrecht: Foris.
  557. van der Hulst, Harry and Nancy Ritter (eds.). 1999. The Syllable. Views and Facts. Berlin: Mouton de Gryuter.
  558. Vennemann, Theo. 1972. On the theory of syllabic phonology. Linguistische Berichte 18. 1- 18. Vennemann, Theo. 1982. Zur Silbenstruktur der Deutschen Standardsprache. In Vennemann (ed.). Silben, Segmente, Akzente. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer. 261-305.
  559. Vennemann, Theo. 1983. Causality in language change. Theories of linguistic preferences as a basis for linguistic explanations. Folia Linguistica Historica VI/1. 5-26.
  560. Vennemann, Theo. 1986. Neuere Entwicklungen in der Phonologie. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Vennemann, Theo. 1988a. Preference Laws for Syllable Structure and the Explanation of Sound Change. Berlin: Mouton.
  561. Vennemann, Theo. 1988b. The rule dependence of syllable structure. In C.Duncan-Rose and T. Vennemann (eds.) On Language, a Festschrift for R. Stockwell. New York, London: Routledge. 257-283.
  562. Vennemann, Theo. 1990 (issued 1992). Syllable structure and simplex accent in Modern Standard German. In The Parasession on the syllable in phonetics and phonology. CLS 26, vol.2. 399-412.
  563. Vennemann, Theo. 1991a. Syllable structure and syllable cut prosodies in Modern Standard German. Certamen Phonologicum II. 211-243.
  564. Vennemann, Theo. 1991b. Skizze der deutschen Wortprosodie. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 10,1. 86-111.
  565. Vennemann, Theo. in press. From quantity to syllable cuts -on so-called lengthenings in the Germanic languages. In Dressler, Wolfgang U., Prinzhorn, Martin and Rennison, John. (eds.).
  566. Vihman, M. 1980. Sound change and child language. In Traugott, E.C., R. Labrum and S. Shepard (eds.), Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 303-320.
  567. Vihman, Marilyn May. 1996. Phonological Development. The Origins of Language in the Child. Oxford: Blackwell.
  568. Vihman, Marylin May, Rory A. DePaolis and Barbara L. Davis. 1998. Is there a 'trochaic bias' in early word learning? Evidence from infant production in English and French. Child Development 69, 4. 935-949.
  569. Vincent, Nigel. 1986. Constituency and syllable structure. In Durand, Jacques (ed.). Dependency and Non-Linear Phonology. London: Croom Helm. 305-318.
  570. Viredaz, Rémy. 1983. La graphie des groupes de consonnes en mycénien et en cypriote. Minos 18: 125-207.
  571. Vogel, Irene. 1992. Comments on Chapters 3 and 4. In Docherty, Gerald G. and D. Robert Ladd (eds.). Papers in Laboratory Phonology II: Gesture, Segment, Prosody. Cambridge: CUP. 124-127.
  572. Walczak, Bogdan. 1999 [1995]. Zarys dziejów języka polskiego. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego.
  573. Walker, C.B.F. 1990. Cuneiform. In J.T.Hooker (ed.), Reading the Past. London: British Museum Publications, 15-73.
  574. Walker, Willard. 1974. Winnebago syllabary and the generative model. Anthr. Linguistics 16.393-414.
  575. Wandruszka, Ulrich. 1992. Zur Suffixpräferenz. Papiere zur Linguistik 46. 3-27.
  576. Waterson, Natalie. 1971. Child phonology: A prosodic view. Journal of Linguistics 7. 179-211.
  577. Waterson, Natalie. 1981. A tentative developmental model of phonological representation. In Myers, T., J. Laver and J. Anderson (eds.). The Cognitive Representation of Speech. North- Holland Publishing Company. 323-333.
  578. Wells, John C. 1999. British English pronunciation preferences: a changing scene. Journal of the IPA, vol. 29, 1. 33-50.
  579. Werker, J.F. and J.E. Pegg. 1992. Infant speech perception and phonological acquisition. In C.A. Ferguson, L. Menn and C. Stoel-Gammon (eds.), 1992. Phonological Development: Models, Research, Implications. Timonium, MD: York Press. 285-311.
  580. Whitney, W.D. 1874. Oriental and Linguistic Studies II. New York.
  581. Winitz, H. 1969. Articulation, acquisition and behaviour. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  582. Wodak-Leodolter, Ruth and Wolfgang U. Dressler. 1978. Phonological variation in colloquial Viennese. Michigan Germanic Studies 4, 1. 30-66.
  583. Wode, H. 1994. Speech perception and the learnability of languages. Intern. J. of Applied Ling. 4,2. 143-168.
  584. Wurzel, Wolfgang U. and Renate Böttcher. 1979. Konsonantenkluster, phonologische Komplexität und aphasische Störungen. In M. Bierwisch (ed.). Psychologische Effekte sprachlicher Strukturkomponenten. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag. 401-445.
  585. Yamamoto, Fumio. 1996. English speech rhythm studied in connection with British traditional music and dance. In Journal of Himeji Dokkyo University Gaikokugogakubo, 9. http://w2.occc.edu.tw/~lasley
  586. Yeni-Komshian, Grace H., James F. Kavanagh and Charles A. Ferguson. (eds.) 1980. Child Phonology. Volume I: Production. New York: Academic Press.
  587. Zarębina, Maria. 1973. Rozbicie systemu językowego w afazji. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
  588. Zborowska, J. 1997. Self-organization in second language acquisition. The case of phonostylistics. Unpublished MA thesis. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań.
  589. Zec, Draga. 1989. Sonority constraints on prosodic structure. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertation Information Service.
  590. Ziegler, Wolfram. 1991. Sprechapraktische Störungen bei Aphasie. In Blanken, Gerhard. (ed.). Einführung in die linguistische Aphasiologie. Freiburg: Hochschulverlag. 89-119.
  591. Zwicky, Arnold M. ms. In and out in phonology. DICTIONARIES AND ENCYCLOPAEDIAS The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology. 1988. edited by Robert K. Barnhart, The H.W. Wilson Company, USA.
  592. Bussmann, Hadumod. 1996. Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Routledge.
  593. Crystal, David. 1992. An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Language and Languages. Oxford: Blackwell.
  594. Crystal, David. 1993 3 . A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Oxford: Blackwell. Enzyklopädisches Wörterbuch der Sprachwissenschaften. 1975. Tzvetani Todorov and Oswald Ducrot, Frankfurt am Main: Athenaion.
  595. A Greek-English Lexicon. 1843/1961, compiled by Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, rev. and aug. by Henry Stuart Jones, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  596. Siebs, Theodore. 1969. Deutsche Aussprache. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  597. Sylburg, Friedrich. 1816. Etymologicum magnum. editio nova correctior. Leipzig.
  598. Trask, R.L. 1993. A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. London: Routledge.
  599. Trask, R.L. 1996. A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. London: Routledge.
  600. Zingarelli, Nicola. 1983. Vokabulario della lingua italiana. (11th edition). Bolognia: Zanichelli.
  601. TEXT EDITIONS Apollonius Dyscolus 2c.A.D.: Apollonii Dyscoli quae supersunt. Recensuerunt Richard Schneider et Gustav Uhlig. Liepzig 1978-1910.
  602. Dionysius of Halicarnassus 1c.B.C.: Dionysius Halicarnaseus. Opusculorum volumen prius et secundus, ediderunt H. Usener et L. Rademacher, 1904-29, 1965.
  603. Dionysius Thrax 2c.B.C.: Dionysii Thracis. Ars grammatica (...), edidit G. Uhlig. vol.1-2. Leipzig 1883. Hephaestion 2c.A.D.: Hephaestionis Alexandri. Enchiridion, edidit Th. Gaisford, editio nova et auctior, Lipsiae 1832. Herodian 2c.A.D.: Herodiani Technici Reliquiae. Collegit (...), emendavit A. Lentz. Herodianus. Epitome tes Katholikes prosojdias. Recognovit M. Schmidt. Jena 1860. Priscian 5-6c. A.D.: Prisciani grammatici Caesariensis Institutionum grammaticarum libri XVIII. Ex recensione M. Hertzii, vol.1-2. Lipsiae 1855-1859.
  604. Bühne, Juni 1993. Gespräch mit dem Dirigent Nikolaus Harnoncourt "Blick in den Abgrund der unmoralischen Welt".

Related papers

The study of Polish phonotactics: Measures of phonotactic preferability
Paula Orzechowska

Studies in Polish Linguistics

The goal of this paper is to investigate Polish phonotactics from the point of view of different measures of phonotactic preferability. The inventory of word-initial and-final clusters is extracted from a dictionary and analysed in accordance with two principles of phonotactic complexity, namely, the Sonority Sequencing Generalisation and Net Auditory Distance. Sonority entails measurements of distances between consonants expressed by the manner of articulation, whereas NAD uses the manner of articulation, place of articulation as well as the obstruent/sonorant distinction. These differences are likely to contribute to a different assessment of clusters, which is the main focus of this paper. Moreover, since a set of Polish clusters arise due to morphology, a distinction is drawn between phonotactic and morphonotactic clusters, i.e. phonologically and morphologically motivated. We are interested in verifying to what extent the principles under investigation reflect the relation between cluster preferability and morphological complexity. The analysis shows that NAD, as a more restrictive measure of phonotactics, rejects a larger portion of word-initial and-final clusters on well-formedness grounds. Secondly, we demonstrate that both principles generally show a strong relation between cluster preferability and morphological complexity. Keywords consonant clusters, morphological boundaries, phonotactic preferability, Polish Streszczenie Celem niniejszej pracy jest zbadanie polskiej fonotaktyki z punktu widzenia różnych modeli preferencyjności. Inwentarz zbitek spółgłoskowych występujących na początku i na końcu słowa został wyekstrahowany ze słownika oraz zanalizowany na podstawie założeń Zasady Sonorności oraz Zasady Audiodystansu Netto. Zasada Sonorności określa dystanse między spółgłoskami na podstawie sposobu artykulacji, podczas gdy Zasada Audiodystansu Netto bierze pod uwagę dystanse w sposobie i miejscu artykulacji oraz pomiędzy obstruentami a sonorantami. Ponadto znaczna część zbitek spółgłoskowych w języku polskim jest wynikiem działania morfologii. Drugim celem jest zatem zbadanie stopnia zależności między preferencyjnością zbitek a ich morfologiczną strukturą. Analiza pokazuje, że Zasada Audiodystansu Netto, jako bardziej restrykcyjna miara, odrzuca większą grupę zbitek. Obie zasady natomiast potwier

View PDFchevron_right
Review of: The phonology of German by Richard Wiese
Andreas Joswig

SIL Electronic Book Reviews, 2005

View PDFchevron_right
Phonotactics of consonant clusters in the history of English
Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk

A. Bertacca (ed.), 2005

View PDFchevron_right
Clàudia Pons-Moll (2016). What is imported and what is not to the second-language phonology
Clàudia Pons-Moll

Paper presented at the 21st Mid-Continental Phonetics & Phonology Conference Michigan State University, 2016

View PDFchevron_right
Introduction to "Phonotactics: cross-linguistic perspectives from acquisition, speech production and corpus studies"
Chiara Celata

Phonotactics refers to the principles according to which lan- guages allow sound combinations and segment sequencing to form larger units such as syllables and words. In the study of phono- tactics, we are faced with a series of apparent contradictions and empirical problems that require critical comparisons of alternative explanatory models and, most often, an investigation of the ‘inter- faces’ between phonotactics and other levels of linguistic organiza- tion, particularly phonetics and morphology. One problematic aspect is due to the fact that phonotactics is part of the phonological gram- mar of a language, and at the same time it is regulated by a number of non-categorical, probabilistic constraints and preferences. It is thus not surprising that the awareness among linguists regarding the role of probability, so crucial in accounting for changes and vari- ations across languages and historical stages (Bod et al. 2003), has developed early in connection with observations on the variability in the ‘phonotactic grammar’ of speakers (e.g. Scholes 1966) and on the changing degrees of ‘acceptability’ of word-sized strings (later called ‘wordlikeness’ – a term that explicitly presupposes a probabilistic view of the phonology). A second challenging issue related to phono- tactics has to do with the universal versus language-specific nature of phonotactic rules and preferences. Asking what is common to all linguistic systems and what, by contrast, is implemented in individ- ual phonologies under specific conditions has promoted the adoption of a variety of empirical methodologies ranging from the survey of big samples of languages to the psycholinguistic study of how pho- notactic structures are processed and acquired, and from probability computations to the investigation of how consonantal and vocalic sequences are produced and perceived.

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Psychology
  • Phonology
    • 580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved