Improvement of LEACH for Fault-Tolerance in Sensor Networks

2011

LEACH protocol is one of the clustering routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. The advantage of LEACH is that each node has the equal probability to be a cluster head, which makes the energy dissipation of each node be relatively balanced. In LEACH protocol, time is divided into many rounds, in each round, all the nodes contend to be cluster head according to a predefined criterion. This paper focuses on how to set the time length of each round, to prolong the lifetime of the network and increase throughput, which is denoted as the amount of data packs sent to the sink node. The functions of lifetime and throughput related to the time length of each round are deduced. These functions can be used to enhance the performance of cluster-based wireless sensor networks in terms of lifetime and throughput.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is an emerging area belonging to the wireless technologies that has recently developed interest among the industry and academic researchers and is expected to hold the market in the recent future. In WSN, transferring the data packets with efficient energy during transmission takes the most crucial role in this area, which on failure will result in problems like Single point failure, packet loss and Hot Spot Problem. It may lead to the reduction of network longevity. Grouping the sensor nodes into Clusters will be a better solution for the problem of efficient transmission of data packet with least energy to increase the network longevity. LEACH is the self-organized, adaptive clustering Protocol, which is the most suited algorithm to achieve the network scalability. This paper proposes a modified version of the LEACH protocol, in which the Cluster formation and the Data routing are totally Energybased. Thus the proposed system first identifies the Cluster Heads and then forms the clusters based on the distance measure. Also the data transmission happens through the most energy-efficient path. The simulation analysis of the LEACH over the existing system shows the improvement in performance attained through the proposed LEACH protocol.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to observe physical or environmental conditions. The economical use of energy supply in a sensing element node is most fascinating criteria for prolong the life time of wireless sensing network. Thus planning economical routing for reducing energy consumption is the vital issue. Leach is one of the basic protocols in the clustering technique where hierarchical routing protocols will be used for minimizing the energy consumed in aggregation and diffusing. We have surveyed the state-of art of various hierarchical routing protocols that have been developed from the LEACH. This paper provide light on a number of the improve version of LEACH protocol. Finally this paper concludes with some comparison of descendents of LEACH with LEACH protocol.

International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 2019

The main purpose of wireless sensor networks to manage conventional systems is to adjust the vitality of systems and extend the entire life of the system. The wireless sensor networks have limited energy to micro sensor nodes. When such nodes lose their force absolutely, verbal altercation stops. Wireless sensor networks have the least effort and mandatory sensor hubs with a large degree of control. A sensor hub detects information in numerous applications on wireless sensor networks and transmits it to the sink through solitary or multi-jump routes. A hierarchal-based routing protocol is mainly used in the field of energy consumption. LEACH is also clustering based routing protocol. The main aim of this research is to create a number of rules to offer better and reliable network services for wireless sensors through stable networks with nodes with long service life. Reliable is a durable and better performance platform. In this paper, we are implementing a new algorithm based on soft and hard thresholding for 2-tier cluster head formation. First, the energy efficient routing protocol is studied and analyzed. Then we use new thresholding technology algorithms. It will help in improving the network life time. And also works on alive nodes, throughput etc.

2014

Wireless sensor network is defined as wireless network of sensor nodes in which Routing technique is one of the most challenging issues. One of the major issues in WSNs is the limited battery power of the network sensor nodes. The battery power plays an important role in increasing the lifetime of the nodes. In WSN, routing among various routing technique, energy consumption is one of the most important consideration. To minimize energy consumption hierarchical routing protocols are the best known protocols. LEACH protocol is one of the most energy efficient clustering protocols. Leach increases the network lifespan by consuming a small percentage of the total dissipated energy in the network. We have surveyed the different hierarchical routing protocols, developed from the LEACH. The paper presents survey of LEACH protocol and its various descendant protocols like E-LEACH, TL-LEACH, MLEACH, V-LEACH, LEACH-A, LEACH-B, LEACH-S. This paper also compares the above all routing protocols...

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the present bunch based information accumulation procedure expends more vitality. Additionally, the secured information transmissions are essential for upgrading the information confirmation and secrecy. Keeping in mind the end goal to conquer these issues, in this review, in this paper, we provide detailed analysis on the relations between clustering and routing, and then propose a Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol for reliable and efficient data collection in a large-scale wireless sensor network. LEACH adopts the back off timer and gradient routing to generate connected and efficient inter-cluster topology with the constraint of maximum transmission range. The relations between clustering and routing in LEACH are further exploited by theoretical and numerical analysis. The results show that the multi-hop routing in LEACH may lead to the unbalanced cluster head selection. Then the solution is provided to optimize the network lifetime by considering the gradient of one-hop neighbor nodes in the setting of back off timer. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove the connectivity and efficiency of the network topology generated by LEACH.

2015

WSN is a set of connected tiny devices (sensor nodes) with limited energy resource. WSNs have ability to extract the information from the harsh and hostile environment without human interaction. Once, WSN is deployed, it is impossible to recharge or replace the energy resource due to inaccessibility of nodes. So, network lifetime and fault tolerance are critical parameters. It’s become very important to handle energy resource carefully as it plays vital role in prolonging the network lifetime. To achieve the fault tolerance, redundancy has been created in terms of number of nodes. The nodes close to each other send most correlated data to the sink. Transmitting and processing of correlated data results in wasting the energy that shortens the lifetime of WSNs. Since WSN is energy constrained, energy must be utilized in an efficient way so that most of the energy is dissipated in doing useful work. In this work, we propose LEACH- CDR (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-compact d...

2013 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP), 2013

The expeditious transformation of hardware technology has empowered the reinforcement of small, inexpensive, static and dynamic powerful sensor nodes, which are capable of sensing, computation and wireless communication on wide range of frequency with various modulation technique. This revolutionizes the implementation of wireless sensor network for considerable dimensions like overseeing some geographic area and parameter collection task. However, a limited energy constraint presents a major challenge such vision to become reality.

2015

WSN is a set of connected tiny devices (sensor nodes) with limited energy resource. WSNs have ability to extract the information from the harsh and hostile environment without human interaction. Once, WSN is deployed, it is impossible to recharge or replace the energy resource due to inaccessibility of nodes. So, network lifetime and fault tolerance are critical parameters. It's become very important to handle energy resource carefully as it plays vital role in prolonging the network lifetime. To achieve the fault tolerance, redundancy has been created in terms of number of nodes. The nodes close to each other send most correlated data to the sink. Transmitting and processing of correlated data results in wasting the energy that shortens the lifetime of WSNs. Since WSN is energy constrained, energy must be utilized in an efficient way so that most of the energy is dissipated in doing useful work. In this work, we propose LEACH-CDR (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-compac...

Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013

Wireless sensor networks comprise of minor battery driven devices with restricted energy resources.Once installed,the minor sensor nodes are usually unapproachable to the operator, and thus auxiliary of the energy source is not practicable.Hence,energy proficiency is a vital design issue that needs to be boosted in order to increase the lifetime of the network. LEACH is a popular hierarchical routing protocol which efficiently maintains the energy storage of nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).The nodes using LEACH are divided into clusters.The advantage of LEACH is that each node has the equal probability to be a cluster head,which makes the energy dissipation of each node be relatively balanced. This paper studies LEACH protocol, and focuses on how to decide the next hop nodes more reasonable when the data are transmitted at the steady state. Simulation has been done in NS2 and the results show that the algorithm after improved is more energy-efficient than LEACH protocol.