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Abstract
FAQs
Introduction
Background
Available Design Guidelines
General Methodology for Impulse Turbine Analysis
Conclusions
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Engineering

Development of hydro impulse turbines and new opportunities

Profile image of George AggidisGeorge Aggidis

2015, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

Abstract

Hydro impulse turbines are often referred to as a mature technology having been invented around 100 years ago with many of the old design guidelines producing machines of a high efficiency. However with recent advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) it is now possible to simulate these highly turbulent multiphase flows with good accuracy and in reasonable timescales. This has opened up an avenue for further development and understanding of these machines which has not been possible through traditional analyses and experimental testing. This paper explores some of the more recent developments of Pelton and Turgo Impulse turbines and highlights the opportunities for future development.

FAQs

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What recent advances improve the efficiency of Pelton turbines using CFD?add

Recent studies indicate that efficiency improvements of up to 6% can be achieved through optimized nozzle and ejector designs using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Specific turbulence models such as k-ω SST and VOF have demonstrated promising results in this regard.

How has the modeling of impulse turbines evolved over time?add

Modeling of impulse turbines like Pelton has progressed from empirical methods to advanced numerical simulations via CFD since the late XX century. This shift enables better understanding of complex flows and has resulted in significant efficiency gains.

What challenges remain in modeling Turgo turbines with CFD?add

Modeling Turgo turbines via CFD is challenging due to complexities in capturing high-speed, turbulent multiphase flows across the blades. Current approaches often fail to accurately simulate interactions between blade surfaces and adjacent flows.

How do design guidelines for Pelton and Turgo turbines differ?add

Pelton turbines benefit from a wealth of historical design guidelines dating back over a century, while Turgo turbine guidelines are limited due to commercial secrecy during development. This disparity results in fewer accessible resources for Turgo turbine design.

What explains the recent resurgence of interest in hydro impulse turbines?add

Increased global competition in renewable energy markets has highlighted the untapped 1.5 GW capacity of hydro resources, particularly in regions like the UK. This underscores the need for optimized designs to improve efficiency and harness available hydropower.

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