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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2008

This paper describes a unified Web service for IEEE 1451 smart transducers, designated as Smart Transducer Web Services (STWS), developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) based on the IEEE 1451.0 standard. An STWS prototype system developed at NIST consists of a service consumer, service provider (wireless network node), and wireless sensor node. The service consumer and provider communicate with each other through Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) messages using the IEEE 1451.0 and 1451.5-WiFi interfaces. The prototype system was successfully tested through a few case studies, and a case study of reading transducer data is described in detail. STWS enable Web-resident IEEE 1451 smart transducers (sensors and actuators) to be discoverable, accessible, and controllable using Web services via the Internet and to achieve standardsbased interoperability for smart transducer applications.

Industrial Electronics, 2004

The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 1451 smart transducer interface standards provide the common interface and enabling technology for the connectivity of transducers to microprocessors, control and field networks, and data acquisition and instrumentation systems. The standardized Transducer electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) specified by IEEE 1451.2 allows the self-description of sensors and the interfaces provide a standardized mechanism to facilitate the "plug and play" of sensors to networks. The network-independent smart transducer object model defined by IEEE 1451.1 allows sensor manufacturers to support multiple networks and protocols. Thus, transducer-to-network interoperability is on the horizon. The inclusion of P1451.3 and P1451.4 to the family of 1451 standards will meet the needs of the analog transducer users for high-speed applications. In the long run, transducer vendors and users, system integrators, and network providers can all benefit from the IEEE 1451 interface standards.

Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International …, 2003

Industrial Electronics, 2002. …, 2002

IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 2008

Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2012

IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 2008

S mart sensors and actuators with digital outputs are improving in performance and decreasing in cost as the components of smart sensors, including signal conditioners, microcontrollers, and communication electronics, have improved [1]. However, the widespread use of smart sensors is currently inhibited by the lack of a widely accepted standard, especially in the wireless area. Indeed, well over 100 sensor network standards are in common use [2]. Recognizing that no single sensor bus or network is likely to dominate in the foreseeable future, the IEEE 1451 set of standards was developed to unify the diverse standards and protocols by providing a base protocol that allows interoperability between sensor/actuator networks and buses. A key feature of the IEEE 1451.0 (Dot 0) standard is that the data (and meta-data or Transducer Electronic Data Sheets [TEDS]) of all transducers are communicated on the Internet with the same format, independent of the sensor physical layer (wired or wireless). This smart transducer standard is illustrated in this paper with several wired and wireless network sensor monitoring examples.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2000

This paper details a framework developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) that highlights the standardization efforts going on within the various levels of an Internet-based distributed measurement and control (DMC) system. The framework highlights state-of-the-art hardware and software techniques used at NIST to design, implement, and deploy next-generation Internet-based DMC applications and systems. The framework targets three important areas of standardization including transducer interfaces, open network communication, and distributed application development. An implementation of a DMC application on the Internet based on the NIST framework is also described. The paper concludes with a brief introduction to other research activities at NIST culminating from this core Internet-based DMC research.

Transducers are sensors and actuators in order that a computer system can interact with the physical environment. An intelligent or smart transducer is the integration of an analog or digital sensor or actuator element, a processing unit, and a communication interface. In this paper we describe the basic design principles for smart transducers and compare two smart transducer interface standards, the IEEE 1451.2 STI and the OMG STI, with respect to general design decisions and the management of configuration information in particular. The IEEE 1451.2 standard favors the introduction of self-contained nodes, which keep the configuration data physically associated to the nodes. In contrast, the OMG STI standard follows the approach of keeping memory requirements on nodes very low and instead enforces a tight integration of smart transducer systems with software tools and external system descriptions in a general configuration framework.

1996

NIST researchers have developed a reference implementation and companion demonstration for this currently defined set of specifications to provide a concrete example of the IEEE P1451, Draft Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators. The reference implementation includes both hardware and software components that when integrated together yield an environment for illustrating complete P1451 functional aspects and capabilities. This document briefly provides an overview of both parts of the standard and more specifically how they relate to this demonstration. The reference implementation approach used as well as resources required are also discussed to familiarize the reader with the demonstration environment. Specific implementation issues are then discussed concerning the several main areas of the software and hardware components used in this implementation. The first software component, called NCAPTool, written in C++, provides a graphical user interface (GUI)-based Windows environment in which various functional aspects of the standards can be exercised. The second component is a dynamic link library (DLL), also written in C++, that provides an Application Programming Interface (API) to the P1451.1, Draft Standard for a Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Information Model. The third component provides the hardware necessary to illustrate a tangible implementation of the P1451.2, Draft Standard for a Transducer to Microprocessor Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats. All three components together illustrate the integration of both P1451.1 and P1451.2 as well as providing a visual capability for demonstrating the standards' key functional aspects.