Juan Luis Vives woks and days
Abstract
ENRIQUE GONZALEZ GONZALEZ and read in numerous cities but, paradoxically, we lalow very little about his life in this twenty-year period. In recent years no new documents have been published, and little can be added to the biography written by Carlos G. Noreiia in 1970. For that reason, in the final part of the present essay I limit myself to reviewing, sometimes critically, the principal studies and sources that have supplied us with information about the later years of Vives, and I give a brief survey of his principal activities, giving an accou m also of his writings during that period.
References (4)
- A convincing chronology is proposed by ijsewijn in •'Vives in 1512 1517", pp.
- 9 1-92. ; 9 T he document whereby the young de Croy was granted a small court, an --Estat", by his uncl e was signed in Middelburg on 18 Jul:t 15 17. h was edited by Georges Dansaert, Guillaume de Croy Chievrcs dit lesage. 1458-152 I (Paris, s. d.), pp. 27 1-7 2. 80 Edicions, no. 7. Critical editions of these short works are to be found in Earl)! Writings 1 and 2, edited by Constant Matheeusscn, C harles Fantazzi, Edward V. George, Jozef Usewijn and Angela Frirsen, vols. l and 5 of the Selected ~rks of JL Vwes (Leiden, 1987 and 199 L. 81 Charles Fantazzi, "La
- Mirandola," in I.A. Unwersitat de Valencia i L'Humanisme: Studia Hwnanilaiis i renovaci6 cultural a Europa i al Nou M6n (Valentia, 2003), pp. 79-88. commentary on Virgil's Georgics (1539) at Menda's :fnitiative. 133 More- over, the twenty-five dialogues entitled Linguae latinae exercitatio 134 were partly written as a supplement to his Latin lessons. From the outset Vives's booklet enjoyed a wide circulation, which continued for over three centuries. At least 600 editions of the text have been recorded, without including those which have left no trace. 135 Unfortunately for the preceptor, Count Nassau died in 1538. While the Marchioness was entangled in thorny legal discussions with the sons of her deceased husband to determine the distribution of the estate, Vives was paid a visit by the Toledo-born humanist Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, who would later reprint Vives's DiaLogues with commentary in Mexico in 1554 together with several documents such as the Com- pendiosa Ludouici Viuis vita. The latter includes the only written physical description of Vives that survives. He is described as being of average height, more tall than short, of cheerful countenance and possessed of an innate gravitas. 136 To Cervantes de Salazar Vives did not appear somber and embittered. On<:e the disagreements were resolved, Dona Menda decided to return to Spain> where she married the Duke of Calabria, Viceroy of Valencia. Vives returned to Bruges for the last time, where he died some months later of gout and kidney problems on 6 May 1540. It has become a. commonR,lace to say that Vives's later years were marked. by bitterness and financial difficulties. Without denying his endless financial troubles, perhaps this image needs to be revised. As an example, Vives was granted pensions by the King and Queen of England> respectively, from 1521 to 1528. In addition to t:hat the pension awarded to him• by Charles V was paid from 1531 until his death in 1540. From 1535 on Vives was further supported by the Marchioness 133 Signed in Breda, 1537, but printed in Basel in 1539, Edicions, no. 43.
- Qated Breda, 1538, which has led to confusion, since they were published in Basel in 1539. Edicions, no. 38. 135 Enrique Gonzilez Gonzilez y Victor Gutierrez Rodriguez, Los ditilogos de Vives y La imprenta. Fortuna de un manual escolar rerzacentista (1539-1994) (Valencia, 1999). 136 As is well known, all the po rtraits known to us are posthumous and derive from Philippe Galle's engraving. Vives was described as: statum m.ediocri et quae ad proceram magir quam ad brevern acced.ereL Vultu hilari cum innata quadamgravitate, f a 3 • On this edition, see FortuCJa, no. 372. The letter was published by Joaquin Garda lcazbalceta in Mexico ,e!t' 1554;: Tr&J-dUilogos Iatinos que Francisco Cervantes de Salazar escribi6 en Mexico en diclw . aiiiJ (Mexico City, 1874), frequently reprinted. On Cervantes de Salazar's journey to B!•"!da,-1-have written an essay soon to be published, "En pos del oficio. E1 humanista Francisco Gervantes de Salazar (ca. 1518-1575)."