A Survey of QoS parameters through reactive routing in MANETs

res publication, 2011

Mobile adhoc network (MANETS) is a collection of wireless nodes which dynamically creates a wireless network. The mobility of nodes in such type of network results in frequent changes making the routing in MANETs a challenging job. The routing protocols in MANETs should be more dynamic so that they quickly respond to topological changes. The routing table of each router in adhoc network must kept up-to-date. However, MANETS have specific characteristics like dynamic topologies, limited bandwidth and limited physical security. MANETS are mainly categorise in two types of routing protocol Proactive protocol (e.g. Distance Sequence Distance Vector-DSDV) and Reactive Protocol (e.g. Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector-AODV, Dynamic Source Routing-DSR). The present paper focuses on study and performance evaluation of these categories using NS2 simulations. The performance of the protocol is analyse by evaluating Packet delivery ratio, End to End delay and average throughput. The comparison shows that DSR performes better in terms of routing overhead.

Routing protocols in MANET [9] [10] are divided into three categories: proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols. The most popular ones are AODV, TORA (reactive), OLSR (proactive) and GRP (hybrid). This section describes the main features of three protocols AODV (Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Protocol), OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm) deeply studied using OPNET 14.5. An ad-hoc routing protocol is a convention, or standard, that it improves the scalability of wireless networks compared to infrastructure based wireless networks because of its decentralized nature.

2011

In this paper, we present an admission control with multi-path routing algorithm that establishes QoS enabled label switched paths. The algorithm provides rigorous QoS provisioning within the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) enabled mobile ad-hoc network. The proposed scheme works by merging the signaling with the routing messages. It directs QoS sensitive traffic on multiple paths provided that each path satisfies the QoS requirements of a flow. Decision for granting admission to the flow depends upon total available bandwidth (considering the interference range), minimum delay required by an application, and delay offered by the network in a given DiffServ class. Extensive simulations are performed to measure the effectiveness of the presented idea. It is observed that our scheme meets stringent QoS requirements of real time flows compared to the existing QoS models. Each admitted flow gets low delay, low jitter and almost guaranteed bandwidth.

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless, dynamic, infrastructure-less, self-organized, multi-hop, and decentralized network. Each node in MANET can act as a router as well as a work station. Many routing protocols have been developed to increase the efficiency of MANET. The primary objective of this paper is a detailed QoS comparison of reactive (AODV), proactive (DSDV), and hybrid (ZRP) routing protocols of MANET in order to find which routing protocol works best in a particular network scenario. The analysis was made for TCP-based traffic patterns. The performance differentials were analyzed on the basis of normalized routing overhead, packet loss, packet delivery ratio, control packets, end-to-end delay, packet received, and packet sent with a variation of nodes density and mobility. The results were obtained using the NS-2 simulator.

Ad hoc networks (AHNs) include mobile nodes with limited communication resources on which the path selection is usually made according to a best effort strategy. Today, AHNs are facing a new challenge: a QoS routing based on bandwidth and delay requirements. Hence, we are interested in this paper by a routing QoS oriented in AHNs. One of the major contributions of this paper concerns the proposition of a novel QoS routing protocol based on delay and bandwidth requirements and called QSDB. The aim of this protocol is to support multiple-metric routing criteria concerning delay and bandwidth and to respond in a fast manner to changes in topology and/or quality of service conditions. Our proposition is based on traffic classification and requires metrics definition allowing the expression of the QoS requirements in order to provide differentiated routing according to traffic classes.

JETIR, 2019

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is accumulation of multi-jump remote mobile hubs that communicate with one another without concentrated control or set up framework. The remote connections in this network are exceedingly mistake inclined and can go down as often as possible because of versatility of hubs, obstruction and less framework. In this way, directing in MANET is a basic undertaking because of exceptionally unique condition. A ton of research has been done in this field and new procedures have been created. This we give an outline of these conventions by showing their qualities, usefulness, advantages and confinements and after that make their near examination so to investigate their execution. The goal is to mention objective facts about how the execution of these conventions can be progressed. Impromptu networks are an accumulation of mobile hubs that can be sent without the requirement for any unified framework. Impromptu network is extremely adaptable and can design itself naturally. It grows the present networks to more adaptable circumstance. Since there is dispersed framework and along these lines, no preinstalled switches which can forward bundles starting with one host then onto the next, this undertaking must be assumed control by the conveyed mobile hubs of the network. Every one of those hubs takes square with jobs, which implies that every one of them can work as a host and as a switch. All things considered, the specific fundamental task of these networks is subject to the collaboration of their hubs to give correspondence courses. In MANET, every hub demonstrations both as a switch and as a host and even the topology of network may likewise change quickly. Steering conventions for mobile specially appointed networks (MANETs) have been investigated broadly lately. A great part of the work is blockaded at finding a doable course from a source to a goal without considering current network movement or security necessities. The motivation behind the investigations was to deal with a specially appointed network topology that dependably change and answer the issue of detached (course blunder) caused by the level of portability of the impromptu hub that can't be anticipated.

Performance Metrics and Management

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) consists of a collection of mobile nodes. They communicate in a multi-hop way without a formal infrastructure. Owing to the uniqueness such as easy deployment and self-organizing ability, MANET has shown great potential in several civil and military applications. As MANETs are gaining popularity day-by-day, new developments in the area of real time and multimedia applications are increasing as well. Such applications require Quality of Service (QoS) evolving with respect to bandwidth, end-to-end delay, jitter, energy etc. Consequently, it becomes necessary for MANETs to have an efficient routing and a QoS mechanism to support new applications. QoS provisioning for MANET can be achieved over different layers, starting from the physical layer up to the application layer. This chapter mainly concentrates on the problem of QoS provisioning in the perception of network layer. QoS routing aims at finding a feasible path, which satisfies QoS considering band...

Mobile Adhoc NETwork (MANET) has no central control so communication in this is without any centralized control. Devices are independent to move in any direction. QoS is one of the most rapid growing field as well as a challenging task in MANET due to its dynamic nature. In MANET QoS has become a necessity for providing effective routing techniques. The function of QoS is to satisfy QoS constraints and find the routes from source to destination. There are many parameters in Quality of Services. The importance of QoS is that it helps in implementation of real time applications. Many researches and developments in MANET have been made over past few years and different protocols have been developed with different features. In this paper we have concentrated on QoS models, issues in achieving QoS and comparison of various routing protocols based on QoS and these protocols are defined according to QoS parameters.

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes without any infrastructure. MANET applications such as audio/video conferencing, webcasting requires very stringent and inflexible Quality of Service (QoS). The provision of QoS guarantees is much more challenging in MANETs than wired networks due to node mobility, limited power supply and a lack of centralized control. Many researches have been done so as to provide QoS assurances by designing various MANET protocols. In recent years a number of QoS routing protocols with distinguishing features have been newly proposed. However, systematic performance evaluations and comparative analysis of these protocols in a common realistic environment have been performed only in a limited manner. This paper presents a thorough overview of QoS routing metrics, resources and factors affecting performance of QoS routing protocols. The relative strength, weakness, and applicability of existing QoS routing protocols are also studied and compared. QoS routing protocols are classified according to the QoS metrics used, type of QoS guarantee assured and their interaction with the medium access control (MAC) protocol.

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2013

Ad hoc networks are self-configuring networks of mobile devices where the mobile nodes move randomly. A set of services requirements to be provided by the network to the application while transporting (routing) a packet stream (flow) from source to destination. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the quality of service (QoS) guarantees is much more difficult than in cable based networks, because of mobility of nodes, many node communications, competition for channel entrance, and a lack of fundamental administration. The aim of this paper is to present exhaustive overview of QoS routing protocols and compare each class of protocols. These mobile ad hoc network routing protocols are discussed based on QoS of service metrics.