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Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction
Open Questions
Results and Conclusions
General Conclusion
References
All Topics
Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry

Deuterium isotopomers as a tool in environmental research

Profile image of Tatiana BetsonTatiana Betson

2006

Abstract

Publication list Introduction Stable isotopes General considerations Definitions Mechanisms of isotope fractionation 1) Physical fractionations 2) Chemical fractionations Isotopomers Measurements of isotope and isotopomer abundance 1) IRMS 3) FTIR 2) NMR Climate change Open questions Tree rings as a proxy for climate (dendroclimatology) 1) Physical characteristics of tree rings 2) Chemical characteristics of tree rings Persistent organic pollutants in the environment Definition Identification of their origin and fate Results and conclusions Paper I Paper II Paper III Paper IV Unpublished results related to Paper IV General conclusion

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The Bohemian Forest Mts. (Šumava) were exposed to heavy atmospheric pollution in the last century. A possible negative effect of atmospheric pollution on tree physiology has been studied using the isotopic composition, Δ 13 C, of tree rings. The wood is depleted of 13 C relative to the air due to isotopic discrimination against 13 C and preferred uptake of 12 C during photosynthesis. The ratio 13 C/ 12 C (Δ 13 C) reflects the relative magnitudes of net assimilation and stomatal conductance that relate to demand and supply of CO 2 . Carbon-13 data are thus a useful index for assessing intrinsic water use efficiency (mark period of drought or root system damages) and also could indicate assimilation organ injure (needle damage caused due to acid rain etc.). A decrease in Δ 13 C implies a negative effect of environmental conditions on tree physiology. Presumably, changes in soil pH and aluminium content as an indirect effect of atmospheric pollution could have an impact on tree physiology. Our results showed that the isotopic signal varied around the average, but the Δ 13 C signal was decreasing from the 1950s to 1980s and then increasing again starting in the 1990s. This trend is in accordance with the monitored atmospheric pollution and soil solution pH changes.

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An investigation of the common signal in tree ring stable isotope chronologies at temperate sites
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Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008

1] It is currently not well known how coherent carbon and oxygen isotope chronologies from different species and sites are under temperate climate conditions. Here we investigated nine chronologies from Switzerland covering the last two centuries, including three deciduous species (Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, and Quercus petraea) and three conifer species (Abies alba, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris) from sites neither strongly limited by temperature nor precipitation. All of the chronologies except Fraxinus were significantly correlated to at least one other chronology. Correlations between different species of the same site were of similar strength to correlations between the sites. We observed a strong common high-frequency (interannual) signal for the d 13 C chronologies, whereas the low-frequency (decadal-scale) signal was more similar among the d 18 O chronologies. For both carbon and oxygen isotopes, we found significant positive relationships with annual and growing season temperatures and negative relationships with precipitation, again of similar magnitude for all species except for Fraxinus, which contained only minor climatic information. Averaging of all chronologies resulted in an increase in the climatic signal of the mean chronology. The combined d 18 O record reflected decadal-scale temperature variations remarkably well (r = 0.72). However, the relationship between climate and carbon isotopes declined over the last 3 decades of the 20th century, probably related to the steep increase in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, resulting in strongly diverging d 13 C trends of the different chronologies. Our study indicates that combining chronologies from different species enhances the potential of isotope studies for extending climate reconstructions into areas of temperate climate.

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