Mass multiplication of Metarhizium anisopliae on different media

International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 2022

The present investigation entitled “Cost effective production of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) on different agricultural products” was carried out at Bio Control Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut during 2020-21. In all there were eight treatments including control replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The cost effective production of Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml (1x106) production incurred for the production of spores significantly superior of various treatments in showed the treatments Savoured dextrose broth (SDB), significantly superior was the best treatment by bringing down the Metarhizium anisopliae cost effective production on substrate for cost effective of Metarhizium anisopliae spore/ml (1x106) cost incurred for the production of spores T10 Savoured dextrose broth (SDB) was the best low cost substrate and high production showed in the table 1 (Rs 11.49 and 156.40 spore/ml), T11 Potato dextrose broth (PDB) (Rs 6.96 and 133.50 spore/ml), and solid substrate T8 Vermicompost + 1% YE + 1.0 g Dextrose (Rs 12.20 and 110.55 spore/ml).

Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, 2021

Aims: Metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) that exists naturally in the environment and potentially be used as a biological control agent against many insect pests. This study aims to evaluate the effect of nutrient additives on the yield and viability of M. anisopliae spore and to determine the optimum incubation period for maximum spore production. Methodology and results: In this study, M. anisopliae was cultivated by solid-state fermentation using rice as a growth medium. Three different nutrient additives were examined which aimed to maximize the production of M. anisopliae spores. Among the three nutrient additives evaluated, yeast (1.84 ± 0.04 g) supported better growth and spore production than molasses (0.58 ± 0.04 g) and palm oil (0.47 ± 0.09 g). The incubation period between 2-6 weeks produced higher spore yield (0.97 ± 0.02 g spores) at week 4 with a better spore viability (86.30 ± 0.45%) at week 2. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Hence, it is suggested that the optimum incubation period is between 2 and 6 weeks after inoculation, and M. anisopliae could be mass produced in large quantities on rice substrate with the addition of yeast as the nutrient additives.

Chilean journal of agricultural research, 2010

Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin is an entomopathogenic fungus used for controlling different insect pests. It is most frequently applied to berry fruit crops, where fungicides are also used for disease control. Fungicides: azoxystrobin, benomyl, captan, chlorothalonil, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, and metalaxyl in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 mg L -1 were evaluated in this research study. Vegetative growth, conidia germination, and conidia germination tube length were measured on the Qu-M82, Qu-M151b, Qu-M253, Qu-M430, and Qu-M984 Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae fungus strains. Those strains were selected because of their present use against different insect pest in bramble fruits. Vegetative growth was measured through the colony rate growth in agar media, and those reaching up to 50% of the check growth were considered compatible. Results indicate that the benomyl and fenhexamid fungicides were compatible with the five isolates whereas, azoxystrobin and fludioxonil were incompatible. Furthermore, benomyl and fludioxonil reduced conidia germination by 53 and 91%, and germination tube length by 18 and 37%, respectively.

Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuellemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin are entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) that occur naturally in the environment and have a potential as biological control agents against many insect pests. Three fungal isolates were isolated from diseased white coffee stem borer, Monochamus leuconotus Pascoe (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) collected from Malawi and Kenya and a soil sample from a coffee growing farm in Kirinyaga District in Kenya. A laboratory experiment was carried out in Kenya to investigate the effect of different solid substrates on the mass production of the three pathogens. Beauveria bassiana isolate (Bb575) and two M. anisopliae isolates (M58, M60) were grown on four different solid grain substrates (machicha, broken maize, rice and maize husk).The effects of these substrates on the quantity and quality of EPF spores produced was determined. A two phase mass production technique was used and the experiment continued for three weeks ...

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides worldwide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

Mycological Research, 2002

Culture media influenced the germination of conidia, appressorial development and mycelial growth of Metarhizium anisopliae. Although the addition of KCl to Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDAM) significantly reduced germination of the conidia of three isolates in vitro and lowered germination and appressorial development on the cuticles of Myzus persicae and Meligethes aeneus, conidia grown on SDAM and minimal medium (MM) were more aggressive than conidia derived from SDA or yeast extract agar. No relationship was found between either germination or appressorial development and LT &! values, suggesting that virulence depends on the speed of infection. Calcofluor staining and lectin binding showed that culture conditions also influenced the adhesion of Metarhizium anisopliae to insect cuticles through alteration of surface carbohydrates such as 1-4-β-glucans. Dark, pigmented conidia from MM bound less lectins and calcofluor whereas the paler conidia from the other media fluoresced more intensely. Conidia from SDAM fluoresced 20-fold brighter and adhered more readily to insect cuticle compared with conidia derived from MM. Although inocula from both media showed elevated pathogenic activity against aphid and pollen beetle, MM-grown conidia were more aggressive since high mortality was induced by comparatively fewer conidia. When fluorescent intensity of calcofluor-stained conidia was compared to the number of conidia adhering to the insect cuticles, the relationship was significant, indicating that this dye has practical implications for the assessment of fungal strains in screening programmes for commercial development.

International Journal of Agriculture System, 2021

Pest control by using chemical pesticides continuously can harm the environment. Therefore it is necessary to look for environmentally friendly technologies, one of which is the use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae. The alternative media should be easy to obtain and has a good shelf life so the growth of M. anisopliae should be optimum. This research aimed to obtain alternative media that provide the best growth and development at each different shelf-life. The research method used was an experimental method using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial and it was repeated 4 times. The media factors were from PDA, bran, green beans, and maize. The shelf-life factors were at 21 and 42 days old (d-old). The diameter on maize media gave the highest diameter value of 8.57 cm at 42 d-old. Green bean media gave the best spore density results of 2.08×107. Whereas the germination capacity of the media ranged from 63.94% to 94.23%. Germination showed no signi...

Mycological Research, 2009

Bioinsecticide Fermentation Sclerotia Tetanops myopaeformis a b s t r a c t Microsclerotia (MS), overwintering structures produced by many plant pathogenic fungi, have not been described for Metarhizium anisopliae. Three strains of M. anisopliae -F52, TM109, and MA1200 -formed MS in shake flask cultures using media with varying carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios. Under the conditions of this study, all strains produced MS, compact hyphal aggregates that become pigmented with culture age, in addition to more typical blastospores and mycelia. While all strains formed desiccation tolerant MS, highest concentrations (2.7-2.9 Â 10 8 L À1 liquid medium) were produced in rich media with C:N ratios of 30:1 and 50:1 by strain F52. All three strains of M. anisopliae produced similar biomass concentrations when media and growth time were compared. Strain MA1200 produced higher concentrations of blastospores than the other two strains of M. anisopliae with highest blastospore concentrations (1.6 and 4.2 Â 10 8 blastospores ml À1 on days 4 and 8, respectively) in media with the highest carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Microsclerotial preparations of M. anisopliae containing diatomaceous earth survived air-drying (to <5 % moisture) with no significant loss in viability. Rehydration and incubation of air-dried MS granules on water agar plates resulted in hyphal germination and sporogenic germination to produce high concentrations of conidia. Bioassays using soilincorporated, air-dried MS preparations resulted in significant infection and mortality in larvae of the sugar beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis. This is the first report of the production of sclerotial bodies by M. anisopliae and provides a novel approach for the control of soil-dwelling insects with this entomopathogenic fungus. j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / m y c r e s m y c o l o g i c a l r e s e a r c h 1 1 3 ( 2 0 0 9 ) 8 4 2 -8 5 0

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control

Background Metarhizium species are considered one of the most outstanding powerful biological control agents that have been commercialized as biopesticides against various agricultural pests. Fungal stability with successive in vitro cultivation is a desirable trait for a large-scale production of fungal biopesticide. Main body The new Egyptian strain Metarhizium anisopliae AUMC 3262 exhibited auspicious results when compared to Metarhizium brunneum ARSEF 4556 and M. brunneum V275 based on the variations of fungal characteristics, and essential quality control parameters (radial growth rate, conidial yield, viability, and virulence) after repeated in vitro subculturing. Changes in morphological characteristics were noted at both AUMC 3262 and ARSEF 4556. Following the 5th subculture, decreased conidial yield was noted, though radial growth remained stable, confirming that there is a non-positive correlation between conidial yield and radial growth rate for these species. In contrast...

2003

Metarhizium anisopliae is a potent microbial insecticide against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), a potential threat to successful cultivation of many economically important crops, Pathogenicity study conducted with 10 8 spores/ml concentration of fungal suspention revealed larval mortality of 100.00,90.00,76.67, and 56.67 per cent against I st , II nd , III rd and IV th instar larvae of H. armigera , respectively. Five media were compared at four temperature levels. Emersons&#39;s Yeast Phosphate Soluble Starch (YPSS) medium recorded highest conidial count of 22.00 x 10 7 spores/ml at 27° C followed. by 25 0 C, Sabouraud&#39;s Dextrose Broth + Yeast (SDB+Y) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) being on par with YPSS at 27 0 C. Poor cultural growth was recorded in Barners medium at all temperature levels. Amongst the five media used for the mass multiplication studies, Potato Dextrose Broth was found to be hetter in terms of spore production, viability of conidia and its production cost. B...