Real-time 3D fire simulation using a spring-mass model

10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, 2002. Proceedings.

In this paper we describe a fast and interactive model to simulate and control the fire phenomenon. We use a modified interactive fluid dynamics solver to describe the motion of a 3-gas system. We simulate the motion of oxidizing air, fuel gases, and exhaust gases. The burning process is simulated by consuming fuel and air based on the amounts of fuel and air inside each grid cell. The combustion process produces heat, and we model the resulting spread of temperature through the system. The heat distribution induces convection currents in the air, causing the flame to take the appropriate shape. By modeling heat distribution, we also simulate the spread of fire to and self-ignition in other combustible solids.

ArXiv, 2018

Fire effects are widely used in various computer graphics applications such as visual effects and video games. Modeling the shape and appearance of fire phenomenon is challenging as the underlying effects are driven by complex laws of physics. State-of-the-art fire modeling techniques rely on sophisticated physical simulations which require intensive parameter tuning, or use simplifications which produce physically invalid results. In this paper, we present a novel method of reconstructing physically valid fire models from multi-view stereo images. Our method, for the first time, provides plausible estimation of physical properties (e.g., temperature, density) of a fire volume using RGB cameras. This allows for a number of novel phenomena such as global fire illumination effects. The effectiveness and usefulness of our method are tested by generating fire models from a variety of input data, and applying the reconstructed fire models for realistic illumination of virtual scenes.

Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games - I3D '07, 2007

Figure 1: Procedural noise generation is used to animate the micro details of the fire to make every frame look unique.

Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques - SIGGRAPH '95, 1995

Developing a visually convincing model of fire, smoke, and other gaseous phenomena is among the most difficult and attractive problems in computer graphics. We have created new methods of animating a wide range of gaseous phenomena, including the particularly subtle problem of modelling "wispy" smoke and steam, using far fewer primitives than before. One significant innovation is the reformulation and solution of the advection-diffusion equation for densities composed of "warped blobs". These blobs more accurately model the distortions that gases undergo when advected by wind fields. We also introduce a simple model for the flame of a fire and its spread. Lastly, we present an efficient formulation and implementation of global illumination in the presence of gases and fire. Our models are specifically designed to permit a significant degree of user control over the evolution of gaseous phenomena.

2011

Abstract We present a framework for emulating the deformation and consumption of polygonal models under combustion while generating procedural fire. Our focus is on achieving the best visual effects possible while maximizing computation speed so that the processing power is available for other tasks in video games. We have implemented and tested our method on a relatively modest GPU using CUDA.

2012

Abstract Objects in 3D games are typically shell models, a polygon mesh representing the shell or skin of the object. While emulation of the behaviour of shell models under combustion is sufficient for many game applications and is fairly well studied, solid objects do in fact burn rather differently than shell objects. We show how to manipulate shell models so that they appear to burn as solid models. Since our burning objects will be only a small part of a video game, computation speed is of the essence.

2008

We propose a method for real-time photorealistic stereo rendering of the natural phenomenon of fire. Applications include the use of virtual reality in fire fighting, military training, and entertainment. Rendering fire in real-time presents a challenge because of the transparency and non-static fluid-like behavior of fire. It is well known that, in general, methods that are effective for monoscopic rendering are not necessarily easily extended to stereo rendering because monoscopic methods often do not provide the depth information necessary to produce the parallax required for binocular disparity in stereoscopic rendering. We investigate the existing techniques used for monoscopic rendering of fire and discuss their suitability for extension to real-time stereo rendering. Methods include the use of precomputed textures, dynamic generation of textures, and rendering models resulting from the approximation of solutions of fluid dynamics equations through the use of ray-tracing algor...

Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV, 2007

We propose a method for real-time photorealistic stereo rendering of the natural phenomenon of fire. Applications include the use of virtual reality in fire fighting, military training, and entertainment. Rendering fire in real-time presents a challenge because of the transparency and non-static fluid-like behavior of fire. It is well known that, in general, methods that are effective for monoscopic rendering are not necessarily easily extended to stereo rendering because monoscopic methods often do not provide the depth information necessary to produce the parallax required for binocular disparity in stereoscopic rendering. We investigate the existing techniques used for monoscopic rendering of fire and discuss their suitability for extension to real-time stereo rendering. Methods include the use of precomputed textures, dynamic generation of textures, and rendering models resulting from the approximation of solutions of fluid dynamics equations through the use of ray-tracing algorithms. We have found that in order to attain real-time frame rates, our method based on billboarding is effective. Slicing is used to simulate depth. Texture mapping or 2D images are mapped onto polygons and alpha blending is used to treat transparency. We can use video recordings or prerendered high-quality images of fire as textures to attain photorealistic stereo.

vis.cs.ucdavis.edu

: Our synthetic fire results. These simulations are synthesized from exemplar simulations at a low computational cost using our novel flow-graph . The accompanying video shows that fire animations using our approach appear smooth and with visually plausible transitions.

2008

In the field of computer graphics, fluid-like motion is an important and challenging problem with many applications. Currently, the graphical performance and resolution of the mobile handset is highly improved; therefore, mobile 3D games and physically based animations are also more and more popular items in the mobile services. Yet interactive physically-based fluid simulation is still challenging for mobile games. We studied and implemented physically-based models based on Navier-Stokes equation for fire and smoke effects on mobile 3D games. To make an efficient fire effects on mobile games, we implemented billboard based 2D fluid simulation and gradient based coloring effects. We also implemented external forces on billboard for interactive fire simulation with game characters. The mobile platform of our system is WIPI, which is the standard mobile platform in Korea and NF3D for our 3D programming API. All the simulations have also been adopted for our mobile 3D game, "Rupee Story".