Livelihoods in Ethiopia Impact evaluatio

Cogent Food & Agriculture

The study was conducted in four zones (Sidama, Gedeo, Gamo Goffa and Wolayta) of South Nation Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR) with the objective to assess coffee production constraints and opportunities at major coffee growing districts (Wereda) of the region. Two districts from each zone and two peasant associations from each district were selected for the study using multistage sampling technique. Total sample sizes of 161 households were interviewed to generate both qualitative and quantitative data. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and descriptive statistics were implemented. The study indicated that about 98.1% of the respondents produce coffee as a major crop followed by maize (75.2%) and˝enset˝(68.3%). Coffee was identified as a primary source of cash in all assessed areas except Gamo Goffa where banana ranked first among cash crops. The most important constraints identified in coffee production system were clustered in to two major categories as biotic and abiotic factors that can be considered as agronomic and environmental. Among the biotic factors diseases, insect pests, weed species and vertebrate animals were identified as the most important ones. Recurrent drought, frost, fluctuating rainfall pattern, high humidity, high temperature, low moisture, hail, storm, wind and reduced soil fertility were among abiotic factors affecting coffee production that could cause as much as 70% yield loss. Tesfaye Tadesse ABOUT THE AUTHOR Tesfaye Tadesse is a researcher in South Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) Hawassa Agricultural Research Center, Crop research process, Hawassa, Ethiopia. He has conducted several research activities related to root and tuber crops, and coffee improvement. In the course of the research, he is able to release more than 10 root crop varieties and coffee management options. He has also an experience in collaborating research with national and international projects. He has an interest in conducting research and research management. More than 25 papers were published by him.

Developing Country Studies, 2019

Ethiopian coffee production and its productivity level are unsatisfactory to uphold the country's comparative advantage. The study intends to examine possible reasons for low productive performance of coffee using cross sectional data gathered from Amaro Woreda and gathered data from 366 households by simple random sampling techniques. The study attempted to analyze different factors that hinder coffee value chains in the study area. Accordingly to the finding various factors that have approximately similar influence on coffee value chains. The study used 13 continuous variables from which all are highly statistically significant at 99% confidence interval and 19 discrete variables those are highly statistically significant at 99% confidence interval under descriptive statistic. The econometric model used for this study is MLR model and its result raveled on coffee value chains factors was also identified. The study included 13 continuous variables in the model from these about 6 variables are highly statistically significant at 95% and 99% confidence interval such as Distance from home of farmers, Average Number of coffee trees, Price of coffee in total Ethiopian Birr, Number of livestock in Tropical livestock Unit, Extension contact and family size have statistically significant that affecting coffee value chains of households. Family size and extension contact are factors negatively affecting coffee value chains while the remaining 4 variables enhance coffee value chains positively. About 4.43% of the variation in coffee value chains is explained by continuous variables in OLS technique but many factors were in discrete variables. There are many post-estimation tests used to check the satisfaction of the basic assumptions of multiple linear regression models. Based on the finding of the study, government and other related stockholders should target at development of rural infrastructure, work diversification cultures, empowering extension contacts for rural farmers, and family plans to improve both production and marketing of Coffee through awareness creation by training, follow up and creating the market linkages for participant in coffee production and marketing in Amaro Woreda.

Lambert Academic Publishing, 2021

Determinants of coffee production and marketing: in case of amuru woreda, horro guduru wollega zone, oromiya regional state. By:megersa nugusa banja( MSc) ABSTRACT Coffee, Ethiopia's largest export crop is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy. However, Ethiopia has not yet fully exploited its position as the producer of some of the best coffees in the world. Coffee is one of the most important traded commodities in the world and it plays a major role to Ethiopian economy. Currently, Ethiopia is the leading Arabica coffee producer in Africa, the fifth largest and the tenth in coffee exports in the world. Currently, Ethiopian export coffee performance has decline. Due to this, the study analyzed the determinants of coffee production and marketing in the study area. The objectives of this study were: to examine the determinants of coffee production and marketing of smallholders in Amuru Woreda . Accordingly, multi stage sampling procedure was employed to select the sample households. Four parent associations were randomly selected by using random sampling method and finally, 233 sample respondents were selected from the sampling frame based on probability proportional to size (PPS). Cobb-Douglas production function was employed to analyze the determinants of coffee production, while logit model analyzed the determinants of coffee marketing. Cobb-Douglas production function result showed that: active family labor, cultivated land size, compost, pesticide and pruning of coffee plant were positive and significantly affect coffee production and age of coffee plant negative and significantly affect coffee production. The results of logistic regression indicated that: education level of household heads , access of training, access of information positive and significantly affect the participation of coffee marketing while transportation costs negative and significantly affect coffee marketing. Linkage between production and marketing of coffee is a basic activity to promote smallholder farmers. The constraints identified were poor soil fertility, coffee diseases, Short rain, fear of crop failure due to pests, lack of inputs supply and fear of market. Moreover, policy consideration has to be given by government to those significant variables which have a potential impact in determining farmer’s production and marketing of coffee.

2015

The current market reform has brought changes through which coffee business is undertaken in Tanzania, in a traditional marketing system Kilimanjaro Native Co-operative Union (KNCU) could collect and market coffee on behalf of the primary co-operative societies dealing with coffee production in Kilimanjaro region, today some primary co-operative societies which pulled themselves away from KNCU are selling their coffee direct to the market for the purpose of generating income and improving their livelihood. Findings shows that Direct Export Coffee Business contribute positively towards AMCOS members livelihood in Tanzania including maintaining higher levels of income, making small farmers able to construct decent houses and send their children to school, and provision of health insurance to sustain rural livelihoods. The study recommended that, there is a need for government to intervene and provide enough support to these AMCOS including providing co-operative education and training...

International Journal of Economics

Purpose: Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities with a significant contribution to the growth and well-functioning of Ethiopia’s economy, and to the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers and laborers. Despite its importance, smallholder coffee production and marketing performance have been unsatisfactory due to various reasons. The introduction of voluntary coffee certification schemes such as Fairtrade (FT) and Organic (Org) certification schemes through cooperatives are viewed as mechanisms to overcome the constraints smallholder farmers face in accessing high value coffee markets and earn better income. However, the impacts of these schemes on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers were not analyzed yet. The main purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of joining (FT, Org or dual FT-Org) certified coffee cooperatives on gross annual incomes earned by member farmers. Methodology: The study employed cross-sectional data collected from randoml...

Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal, 2021

Certification is an instrument to add value to a product, and it addresses a growing worldwide demand for healthier and more socially and environmentally friendly products. Globally, coffee certification has received strong recognition as it is proved to increase smallholder farmers’ access to input and output markets, production, productivity and income. This study investigates the major determinants of coffee certification participation. It also analyzes the welfare gains of participation in the certification schemes by smallholder coffee growers. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 247 coffee producers. Structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to collect the primary data. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used for data analysis. Probit model was used to identify factors affecting participation in coffee certification schemes. Propensity score matching te...

DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my loving husband Mr. Newton Mwaniki, my children Jermaine Kiama and Abigail Nkatha and to my loving parents. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT I express my sincere gratitude to Coffee Research Institute through the Coffee Leaf Rust Project (CFC/ICO/40) for financing my studies, sincere gratitude go to my supervisors Dr.Ibrahim Macharia and Dr. Elijah Gichuru for their guidance and support during the course of the study. I am also grateful to my colleagues and Coffee Research Institute staff for their support. Special thanks to Mr. Kennedy Gitonga and the staff of Economics and Research Liaison Departments for their dedication in data collection and analysis. I thank my husband Mr. Newton Mwaniki for his support and inspiration during this study, special thanks to my children Jermaine Kiama and Abigail Nkantha for their patience and love. Ultimately, special thanks to my parents, my brothers and sisters for the moral support. I thank the Almighty God for the gift of life, sound mind and also for granting me the opportunity. v TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………….i DECLARATION.

Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, 2019

Coffee is one of the most popularcash crops grown in Tanzania. However, its productivity has remained low due to various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors prevailing in MbeyaRegion. These production challenges have never been properly and intensively documented for better decision making. Therefore, this studywas set to assess and provide a betterunderstanding of the current production situation andavailabletechnologies and practicesfor enhancingcoffee production in the region.The research was carried out in Iwindi, Msia and Lwativillageslocated in Mbeya Region. Two sources of data were used; (a) primary data collected through focus group discussion;and (b) secondary data collected through a systematic and intensive process that involved searching and collecting relevant publications.From the research, farmers were found to grow very old treesthat were more than 20years. The soils were found to have low levels of nutrientsand organicmatter. Soilsarealso acidic, a pH below 5.5. High prevalenceof pests such ascoffee berry and stem borersand diseases likecoffee leaf rust, Fusariumspp., bacterial blight,andred blisterwere reported in the region. Poor agronomic practices involving intensive intercropping of coffee with trees, other food cropslike banana, beansand using generally low tree densities per hectare wasobserved.Poor extension servicesdue to unbalanced extension agent to farmer ratio (about 1:1800) werefound to be one of the causes for poor adoption of best coffee agronomy. Lack of market information andlow coffee prices were found to demoralize farmers as it leads to a low return on investment. When asked about their ‘priority training and input support requirements’, all farmers mentioned best coffee agronomy and fertilizer use training. They also mentionedfertilizers (especially Urea orYara Mila Java blend products) andpesticides(for berry borer, stem borer, Coffee berry disease, andcoffee leaf rust) inputs askeyfor better yields. All these inputs and training require money and service provider. Bundling of training and inputs together could make it easier for any service provider to help farmers increase their yields.

The research reports, 2014

Response to a Problem Coffee was introduced in Acholi and Lango sub-regions in mid-Northern Uganda, by 1997, at first through pressure from political leaders, as an alternative perennial crop to the traditional cotton crop. This was an effort to fight poverty levels - aggravated by effects of a prolonged civil war in this sub-region. Cotton and other annual traditional food crops had little effect on poverty and introducing coffee, as alternative perennial crop was deemed very important to the region. Systematic coffee planting by the Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA) first as a pilot (around 2001), and subsequently, has had a positive impact in the mid-North sub-region. To date, 16000 farmers in mid-Northern Uganda have planted 5,441 hectares. The current output in the sub-region is 154 metric tons; with a potential output estimated at 16,323 metric tons at peak and stable production level by 2017. The study identified districts with high potential for coffee production in...