Code Clone Detection Using Object Oriented Metrics

Code clone are the duplicated code which degrade the software quality and hence increase the maintenance cost detection of clones in large software system is very tedious tasks but it is necessary to improve the quality of software system product. Object oriented metrics like DIT, NOC, WMC, LCOM and various types of methods and variables are good indicator of code clone. In this paper, various type of metrics based code clone detection approach and techniques are discussed. From the discussion it is concluded that clone detection using software metrics is the best technique of code clone detection. Software code clones are the similar or identical parts of the source code which may be inserted either by mistake or knowingly. But the presence of these code clones may decrease the software quality and hence increase the maintenance cost. So the detection and removal of code clones are necessary in the software products. Copying existing code fragments and pasting them with or without modifications into other sections of code is a frequent process insoftware development. The copied code is called a software clone and the process is called software cloning. Example of code clone 1)int sum = 0 ; 2) void foo (I t e r a t o r i t e r){ 4) for (item = f i r s t (i t e r) ; has more (i t e r) ; item = next (i t e r)) { 5)sum = sum + value (item) ; 6)} 7)} 8)int bar (I t e r a t o r i t e r){ 9)int sum = 0 ; 10) for (item = f i r s t (i t e r) ; has more (i t e r) ; item = next (i t e r)) { 11)sum = sum + value (item) ; 12)} 13)} 2 RELATED RESEARCH

2020

Code clones are novel subtle way to deal with issues pertaining from one territory module to another fragment or module. They are increasing the rate of peril in bug duplication within each code that has a copy, whenever there was a bug in wellspring of clone. The clone in code is equivalent to or indistinct code in the original source code that is made either by reproduction or a couple of changes. Clone is an indefatigable sort of programming reuses that effect on help of enormous programming. Till now, the researchers have underlined on perceiving type 1, type 2, and type 3 sort of clones. The present code clone area devices are utilized to perceive source code cloning present within them. Throughout this paper, a review is done on programming clone area to assess cross breed strategy subject to various parameters. Rather than using single technique on the code, creamer methodology is being used, suggests two strategies are being solidified together. We can achieve increasingly e...

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology IJRASET, 2020

In software development process, coping of existing code fragment and pasting them with or without modification may be a frequent process. Clone means copy of an ingenious form or duplicate. Software clone detection is vital to scale back the software maintenance cost and to acknowledge the software during a better way. There are many software code clone detection techniques like text based, token-based, Abstract Syntax tree based etc. and they are used to spot and finding the existence of clones in software system. One of the approach is token based comparisons of two programs to detect code clone. Our technique uses the token-based approach using hashing algorithm by analysis of two source codes in the process of finding clones among them and the percentage of cloning is reported as result.

2007

Abstract Code duplication or copying a code fragment and then reuse by pasting with or without any modifications is a well known code smell in software maintenance. Several studies show that about 5% to 20% of a software systems can contain duplicated code, which is basically the results of copying existing code fragments and using then by pasting with or without minor modifications.

IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, 2016

Software cloning means duplication of source code. It is most basic means of software reuse. A software clone is a code fragment which is identical to another in the source code. Clones are harmful for software maintenance because it increases the complexity of system and maintenance cost. If we detect software clones it can decrease software maintenance cost. Many code clone detection techniques have been proposed for this purpose. Several studies show that about 5% to 20% of software system can contain duplicated code which is results of copying existing code fragments and around 60% of the efforts of an organization are wasted in maintaining this. The main disadvantage of code duplication is that if a bug is detected in a code fragment; all the other fragments similar to it should be checked for the possible existence of the same bug. By using different clone detection techniques, we can detect code clones which increase the efficiency of software maintenance process and thus decreases the maintenance cost.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY, 2012

The aspiration of this study is to understand and analyze the concept of software Cloning and its detection. Software cloning is an acuity in which source code is duplicated. Software cloning and its detection is one of emerging and most dominant area of research in the field of software engineering. There exist numbers of techniques to detect clone in software. The focus of this study will be given on acquiring and analyzing the concept of hybrid clone detection technique. We will try to devise an algorithm for detecting duplicacy in the software by using hybrid software clone detection technique. The algorithm will first compute the required software metrics that provide sufficient information regarding the software application and then depending on software metrics matches the clone will be detected. While detecting clone we will focus on line clone rather than token or word.

Code Clones are the entities in software ecosystems which can be unavoidable. Demand of software based clone detection has risen in industries day by day. Due to code duplication means the copy and paste activities, such pattern is recurrent thereby developers can reduce effort and time of rewriting similar code fragment by editing prewritten code. Code duplication may affect on quality, consistency, maintainability and comprehensibility. Here the trial is variety of syntax, compiler dependent language, and various coding patterns to resolve a single problem. There is lots of software tools, code clone detection algorithms exist, but they have some restrictions to detect perfect cloning. Earlier research and tools developed till now can find only Type-I, Type-II and some part of Type-III clones. Some tools are very slow and time consuming for comparing codes and with low in precision. Type-IV clone detection represents a challenge in current scenario. Type-IV is the Code with similar functionality that may be syntactically different but logically similar referred as semantic clones. This paper presents an algorithm for clone detection based on comparing parts of abstract syntax tree of programs and finding semantic coding styles.

ArXiv, 2016

Code clone detection is involved with detecting duplicated fragments of code within a code base. Detecting these clones is useful for maintenance operations which require editing the clones. The tools developed are expected to be robust enough to identify clones even when they have been modified, whilst preserving reasonable recall and precision rates. It is also expected that these tools be easily adaptable to different programming languages. The major approaches to this problem has involve the use of direct string matching, token comparison or comparison using abstract syntax trees. It is difficult to compare detection tools due to the absence of a standardized framework for measurement. More work should be done to make the existing tools useful for other practical/industrial purposes.

Code replication is ordinary difficulty, and a well recognized sign of terrible design. But Code replication is one of the nearly all well liked forms of software use again amongst developers. Clone discovery or code repetition discovery is the method troubled with the detection of code rubble that fundamentally calculate the same consequences .The most important aim of clone discovery is to recognize clone code and put back them with a single function call where the purpose would mimic the performance of a single example from the set of clones. As consequences of that, in the last decade, the issue of detect code replication led to a variety of tools that can mechanically find duplicate blocks of code. In this document dissimilar methods for code clone discovery, dissimilar tools and method used for that and the code examination will be discuss.

International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES, 2017

Code is the rudimentary element of any software. Code clones may be defined as the segments of the program which are akin to one another. The similarity may be either syntactic or semantic. Cloning is easy to implement but hard to detect. Many researches have been carried out in order to find the methods for detecting these clones of code as problems are encountered at the time of maintenance due to these clones in codes. This further increases the cost of maintenance. The objective of our work is to precisely detect the code clones. Here, an approach is proposed based on the Abstract Syntax Tree method. The purpose for adopting AST is that it gives better detection results as compared to other techniques and is considered to be the best approach for detecting type 3 code clones. Furthermore, AST offers syntactic knowledge which can be leveraged to filter certain types of clones. The results obtained clearly shows that the technique adopted is able to precisely detect the near-miss clones as compared to the tools namely NICAD and CLAN.