Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Title
Abstract
Introduction
Data Sets in Pandax-II
Data Quality Cuts
Backgrounds in Dark Matter Search Data
Final Candidates from Dark Matter Search Data
Fitting Method and Results
Conclusions and Outlook
References
All Topics
Physics
Particle Physics

Results of dark matter search using the full PandaX-II exposure *

Profile image of Andi h TanAndi h Tan

2020, Chinese Physics C

https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/ABB658
visibility

…

description

23 pages

link

1 file

Abstract

We report the dark matter search results obtained using the full 132 ton·day exposure of the PandaX-II experiment, including all data from March 2016 to August 2018. No significant excess of events is identified above the expected background. Upper limits are set on the spin-independent dark matter-nucleon interactions. The lowest 90% confidence level exclusion on the spin-independent cross section is 2.2 × 10−46 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2.

Related papers

Dark matter direct search sensitivity of the PandaX-4T experiment
Yonglin Ju

Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy

The PandaX-4T experiment, a four-ton scale dark matter direct detection experiment, is being planned at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. In this paper we present a simulation study of the expected background in this experiment. In a 2.8-ton fiducial mass and the signal region between 1 to 10 keV electron equivalent energy, the total electron recoil background is found to be 4.9 • 10 −5 (kg • day • keV) −1. The nuclear recoil background in the same region is 2.8 • 10 −7 (kg • day • keV) −1. With an exposure of 5.6 ton-years, the sensitivity of PandaX-4T could reach a minimum spin-independent dark matter-nucleon cross section of 6 • 10 −48 cm 2 at a dark matter mass of 40 GeV/c 2 .

View PDFchevron_right
Final Analysis and Results of the Phase II SIMPLE Dark Matter Search
Rodrigo Marques

2011

We report the final results of the Phase II SIMPLE measurements, comprising two run stages of 15 superheated droplet detectors each, the second stage including an improved neutron shielding. The analyses includes a refined signal analysis, and revised nucleation efficiency based on reanalysis of previously-reported monochromatic neutron irradiations. The combined results yield a contour minimum of \sigma_{p} = 4.2 x 10^-3 pb at 35 GeV/c^2 on the spin-dependent sector of WIMP-proton interactions, the most restrictive to date from a direct search experiment and overlapping for the first time results previously obtained only indirectly. In the spin-independent sector, a minimum of 3.6 x 10^-6 pb at 35 GeV/c^2 is achieved, with the exclusion contour challenging the recent CoGeNT region of current interest.

View PDFchevron_right
Exploring the dark matter inelastic frontier with 79.6 days of PandaX-II data
Yonglin Ju

Physical Review D

We report here the results of searching for inelastic scattering of dark matter (initial and final state dark matter particles differ by a small mass splitting) with nucleon with the first 79.6-day of PandaX-II data (Run 9). We set the upper limits for the spin independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross section up to a mass splitting of 300 keV/c 2 at two benchmark dark matter masses of 1 and 10 TeV/c 2 .

View PDFchevron_right
Recent results from the SIMPLE dark matter search
T. Girard, Georges Waysand

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2012

We present the results of the recent Phase II SIMPLE search effort, comprising two stages each of ~14 kgd exposure of 15 Superheated Droplet Detectors with ~0.2 kg active mass and recoil energy threshold of 8 keV. In the second stage, the neutron shielding was increased to reduce the on-detector rate by a factor 3.5. Combined with an improved nucleation efficiency and analysis of the detector pressure evolution during the measurements, the results yield improved results in the phase space of both spin -dependent and -independent WIMP interactions.

View PDFchevron_right
First Results of the Phase II SIMPLE Dark Matter Search
Ana Fatima Carvalho Fernandes

Physical Review Letters, 2010

We report results of a 14.1 kgd measurement with 15 superheated droplet detectors of total active mass 0.208 kg, comprising the first stage of a 30 kgd Phase II experiment. In combination with the results of the neutron-spin sensitive XENON10 experiment, these results yield a limit of |ap| < 0.32 for MW = 50 GeV/c 2 on the spin-dependent sector of weakly interacting massive particle-nucleus interactions with a 50% reduction in the previously allowed region of the phase space formerly defined by XENON, KIMS and PICASSO. In the spin-independent sector, a limit of 2.3×10 −5 pb at MW = 45 GeV/c 2 is obtained.

View PDFchevron_right
Constraining self-interacting dark matter with the full dataset of PandaX-II
Andi h Tan

Science China Physics, Mechanics &amp; Astronomy, 2021

Self-interacting Dark Matter (SIDM) is a leading candidate proposed to solve discrepancies between predictions of the prevailing cold dark matter theory and observations of galaxies. Many SIDM models predict the existence of a light force carrier that mediate strong dark matter self-interactions. If the mediator couples to the standard model particles, it could produce characteristic signals in dark matter direct detection experiments. We report searches for SIDM models with a light mediator using the full dataset of the PandaX-II experiment, based on a total exposure of 132 tonne-days. No significant excess over background is found, and our likelihood analysis leads to a strong upper limit on the dark matter-nucleon coupling strength. We further combine the PandaX-II constraints and those from observations of the light element abundances in the early universe, and show that direct detection and cosmological probes can provide complementary constraints on dark matter models with a light mediator.

View PDFchevron_right
Dark Matter Search Results from the CDMS II Experiment
Mark Kos

We report results from a blind analysis of the final data taken with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment (CDMS II) at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, Minnesota, USA. A total raw exposure of 612 kg-days was analyzed for this work. We observed two events in the signal region; based on our background estimate, the probability of observing two or more background events is 23%. These data set an upper limit on the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP)-nucleon elastic-scattering spin-independent cross-section of 7.0 × 10 −44 cm 2 for a WIMP of mass 70 GeV/c 2 at the 90% confidence level. Combining this result with all previous CDMS II data gives an upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross-section of 3.8 × 10 −44 cm 2 for a WIMP of mass 70 GeV/c 2. We also exclude new parameter space in recently proposed inelastic dark matter models.

View PDFchevron_right
Search for Light Dark Matter with Ionization Signals in the PandaX-4T Experiment
Yonglin Ju

Physical Review Letters, 2023

We report the search results of light dark matter through its interactions with shell electrons and nuclei, using the commissioning data from the PandaX-4T liquid xenon detector. Low energy events are selected to have an ionization-only signal between 60 to 200 photoelectrons, corresponding to a mean nuclear recoil Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP 3 .

View PDFchevron_right
SIMPLE dark matter search results
T. Girard, Georges Waysand

Physics Letters B, 2005

We report an improved SIMPLE experiment comprising four superheated droplet detectors with a total exposure of 0.42 kgd. The result yields ~ factor 10 improvement in the previously-reported results, and -despite the low exposure --is seen to provide restrictions on the allowed phase space of spin-dependent coupling strengths almost equivalent to those from the significantly larger exposure NAIAD-CDMS/ZEPLIN searches. PACS: 95.35.+d, 05.70.Fh,

View PDFchevron_right

References (37)

  1. Gianfranco Bertone, Dan Hooper, and Joseph Silk. Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints. Phys. Rept., 405:279-390, 2005.
  2. Jianglai Liu, Xun Chen, and Xiangdong Ji. Current status of direct dark matter detection experiments. Nature Phys., 13(3):212-216, 2017.
  3. Andi Tan et al. Dark Matter Results from First 98.7 Days of Data from the PandaX-II Experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett., 117(12):121303, 2016.
  4. D. S. Akerib et al. Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure. Phys. Rev. Lett., 118(2):021303, 2017.
  5. E. Aprile et al. First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment. 2017.
  6. Xiangyi Cui et al. Dark Matter Results From 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett., 119(18):181302, 2017.
  7. E. Aprile et al. Dark Matter Search Results from a One Ton-Year Exposure of XENON1T. Phys. Rev. Lett., 121(11):111302, 2018.
  8. Andi Tan et al. Dark Matter Search Results from the Commissioning Run of PandaX-II. Phys. Rev., D93(12):122009, 2016.
  9. Yu-Cheng Wu et al. Measurement of Cosmic Ray Flux in China JinPing underground Laboratory. Chin. Phys., C37(8):086001, 2013.
  10. Wenbo Ma et al. Internal Calibration of the PandaX-II Detector with Radon Gaseous Sources. 6 2020.
  11. Xiang Xiao et al. Low-mass dark matter search results from full exposure of the PandaX-I experiment. Phys. Rev., D92(5):052004, 2015.
  12. S. Agostinelli et al. GEANT4: A Simulation toolkit. Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A506:250- 303, 2003.
  13. John Allison et al. Geant4 developments and applications. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 53:270, 2006.
  14. Kaixiang Ni et al. Searching for neutrino-less double beta decay of 136 Xe with PandaX- II liquid xenon detector. Chin. Phys. C, 43(11):113001, 2019.
  15. E. Aprile, C.E. Dahl, L. DeViveiros, R. Gaitskell, K.L. Giboni, J. Kwong, P. Majewski, Kaixuan Ni, T. Shutt, and M. Yamashita. Simultaneous measurement of ionization and scintillation from nuclear recoils in liquid xenon as target for a dark matter experiment. Phys. Rev. Lett., 97:081302, 2006.
  16. M. Szydagis, J. Balajthy, J. Brodsky, J. Cutter, J. Huang, E. Kozlova, B. Lenardo, A. Manalaysay, D. McKinsey, M. Mooney, J. Mueller, K. Ni, G. Rischbieter, M. Tri- pathi, C. Tunnell, V. Velan, and Z. Zhao. Noble element simulation technique v2.0, July 2018.
  17. Brian Lenardo, Kareem Kazkaz, Matthew Szydagis, and Mani Tripathi. A Global Analysis of Light and Charge Yields in Liquid Xenon. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 62:3387, 2015.
  18. Laura Baudis, Hrvoje Dujmovic, Christopher Geis, Andreas James, Alexander Kish, Aaron Manalaysay, Teresa Marrodan Undagoitia, and Marc Schumann. Response of liquid xenon to Compton electrons down to 1.5 keV. Phys. Rev. D, 87(11):115015, 2013.
  19. Qing Lin, Jialing Fei, Fei Gao, Jie Hu, Yuehuan Wei, Xiang Xiao, Hongwei Wang, and Kaixuan Ni. Scintillation and ionization responses of liquid xenon to low energy electronic and nuclear recoils at drift fields from 236 V/cm to 3.93 kV/cm. Phys. Rev. D, 92(3):032005, 2015.
  20. D. S. Akerib et al. Tritium calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment. Phys. Rev., D93(7):072009, 2016.
  21. L.W. Goetzke, E. Aprile, M. Anthony, G. Plante, and M. Weber. Measurement of light and charge yield of low-energy electronic recoils in liquid xenon. Phys. Rev. D, 96(10):103007, 2017.
  22. A. Manzur, A. Curioni, L. Kastens, D.N. McKinsey, K. Ni, and T. Wongjirad. Scintil- lation efficiency and ionization yield of liquid xenon for mono-energetic nuclear recoils down to 4 keV. Phys. Rev. C, 81:025808, 2010.
  23. Peter Sorensen. A coherent understanding of low-energy nuclear recoils in liquid xenon. JCAP, 09:033, 2010.
  24. E. Aprile et al. Response of the XENON100 Dark Matter Detector to Nuclear Recoils. Phys. Rev. D, 88:012006, 2013.
  25. D. S. Akerib et al. Low-energy (0.7-74 keV) nuclear recoil calibration of the LUX dark matter experiment using D-D neutron scattering kinematics. 2016.
  26. E. Aprile, M. Anthony, Q. Lin, Z. Greene, P. De Perio, F. Gao, J. Howlett, G. Plante, Y. Zhang, and T. Zhu. Simultaneous measurement of the light and charge response of liquid xenon to low-energy nuclear recoils at multiple electric fields. Phys. Rev. D, 98(11):112003, 2018.
  27. Qinyu Wu et al. Update of the trigger system of the PandaX-II experiment. JINST, 12(08):T08004, 2017.
  28. Qiuhong Wang et al. An Improved Evaluation of the Neutron Background in the PandaX-II Experiment. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron., 63(3):231011, 2020.
  29. Byron P. Roe, Hai-Jun Yang, Ji Zhu, Yong Liu, Ion Stancu, and Gordon McGregor. Boosted decision trees, an alternative to artificial neural networks. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 543(2-3):577-584, 2005.
  30. D. Zhang. Estimating the surface backgrounds in PandaX-II WIMP search data. JINST, 14(10):C10039, 2019.
  31. E. Aprile et al. Likelihood Approach to the First Dark Matter Results from XENON100. Phys. Rev., D84:052003, 2011.
  32. Christopher Savage, Katherine Freese, and Paolo Gondolo. Annual Modulation of Dark Matter in the Presence of Streams. Phys. Rev. D, 74:043531, 2006.
  33. Thomas Junk. Confidence level computation for combining searches with small statis- tics. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 434:435-443, 1999.
  34. Glen Cowan, Kyle Cranmer, Eilam Gross, and Ofer Vitells. Power-Constrained Limits. 2011.
  35. Hongguang Zhang et al. Dark matter direct search sensitivity of the PandaX-4T ex- periment. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron., 62(3):31011, 2019.
  36. E. Aprile et al. Physics reach of the XENON1T dark matter experiment. JCAP, 04:027, 2016.
  37. B.J. Mount et al. LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Technical Design Report. 3 2017.

Related papers

Dark Matter Results from 54-Ton-Day Exposure of PandaX-II Experiment
Yonglin Ju

Physical review letters, 2017

We report a new search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the combined low background data sets acquired in 2016 and 2017 from the PandaX-II experiment in China. The latest data set contains a new exposure of 77.1 live days, with the background reduced to a level of 0.8×10^{-3} evt/kg/day, improved by a factor of 2.5 in comparison to the previous run in 2016. No excess events are found above the expected background. With a total exposure of 5.4×10^{4} kg day, the most stringent upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section is set for a WIMP with mass larger than 100 GeV/c^{2}, with the lowest 90% C.L. exclusion at 8.6×10^{-47} cm^{2} at 40 GeV/c^{2}.

View PDFchevron_right
Dark Matter Results from First 98.7 Days of Data from the PandaX-II Experiment
Michael Schubnell

Physical review letters, 2016

We report the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter search results using the first physics-run data of the PandaX-II 500 kg liquid xenon dual-phase time-projection chamber, operating at the China JinPing underground laboratory. No dark matter candidate is identified above background. In combination with the data set during the commissioning run, with a total exposure of 3.3×10^{4} kg day, the most stringent limit to the spin-independent interaction between the ordinary and WIMP dark matter is set for a range of dark matter mass between 5 and 1000 GeV/c^{2}. The best upper limit on the scattering cross section is found 2.5×10^{-46} cm^{2} for the WIMP mass 40 GeV/c^{2} at 90% confidence level.

View PDFchevron_right
Dark matter search results from the commissioning run of PandaX-II
Yonglin Ju

Physical Review D, 2016

We present the results of a search for WIMPs from the commissioning run of the PandaX-II experiment located at the China Jinping underground Laboratory. A WIMP search data set with an exposure of 306×19.1 kg-day was taken, while its dominant 85 Kr background was used as the electron recoil calibration. No WIMP candidates are identified, and a 90% upper limit is set on the spin-independent elastic WIMP-nucleon cross section with a lowest excluded cross section of 2.97×10 −45 cm 2 at a WIMP mass of 44.7 GeV/c 2 .

View PDFchevron_right
Low-mass dark matter search results from full exposure of the PandaX-I experiment
Yonglin Ju

Physical Review D, 2015

We report the results of a weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter search using the full 80.1 live-day exposure of the first stage of the PandaX experiment (PandaX-I) located in the China Jin-Ping Underground Laboratory. The PandaX-I detector has been optimized for detecting low-mass WIMPs, achieving a photon detection efficiency of 9.6%. With a fiducial liquid xenon target mass of 54.0 kg, no significant excess event were found above the expected background. A profile likelihood analysis confirms our earlier finding that the PandaX-I data disfavor all positive low-mass WIMP signals reported in the literature under standard assumptions. A stringent bound on the low mass WIMP is set at WIMP mass below 10 GeV/c 2 , demonstrating that liquid xenon detectors can be competitive for low-mass WIMP searches. PACS numbers: 95.35.+d, 29.40.-n, 95.55.Vj arXiv:1505.00771v1 [hep-ex] 4 May 2015

View PDFchevron_right
Low-mass dark matter search results from full exposure of PandaX-I experiment
Yonglin Ju

2015

We report the results of a weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter search using the full 80.1 live-day exposure of the first stage of the PandaX experiment (PandaX-I) located in the China Jin-Ping Underground Laboratory. The PandaX-I detector has been optimized for detecting low-mass WIMPs, achieving a photon detection efficiency of 9.6%. With a fiducial liquid xenon target mass of 54.0 kg, no significant excess event were found above the expected background. A profile likelihood analysis confirms our earlier finding that the PandaX-I data disfavor all positive low-mass WIMP signals reported in the literature under standard assumptions. A stringent bound on the low mass WIMP is set at WIMP mass below 10 GeV/c^2, demonstrating that liquid xenon detectors can be competitive for low-mass WIMP searches.

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Physics
  • Particle Physics

    • Cited by

    Implications of feebly interacting dark sector on neutron star properties and constraints from GW170817
    Atanu Guha

    Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

    We investigate the effect of feeble interaction of dark matter (DM) with hadronic matter on the equation of state (EoS) and structural properties of neutron stars (NSs) in static conditions. For the purpose, we adopt the effective chiral model for the hadronic sector and for the first time in the context of possible existence of DM inside NSs, we introduce the DM–SM interaction through light new physics mediator. Moreover, the mass of DM fermion, the mediator and the coupling are adopted from the self-interaction constraint from Bullet cluster and from present day relic abundance. Within the considered framework, the work highlights the underlying stiffening of EoS in the presence of DM fermion of mass of the order of a few GeV compared to the no-DM scenario. Consequently, the maximum gravitational mass of NS is obtained consistent with the bounds from the most massive pulsars that were not satisfied with the hadronic matter EoS alone. The estimates of radius and tidal deformability...

    View PDFchevron_right
    Direct detection of dark energy: The XENON1T excess and future prospects
    Luca Visinelli

    2021

    Sunny Vagnozzi, 2, ∗ Luca Visinelli, 4, 5, † Philippe Brax, ‡ Anne-Christine Davis, 1, § and Jeremy Sakstein ¶ Kavli Institute for Cosmology (KICC), University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom∗∗ Institute of Astronomy (IoA), University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, C.P. 13, I-100044 Frascati, Italy∗∗ Tsung-Dao Lee Institute (TDLI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China Gravitation Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands Institute de Physique Theórique (IPhT), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), Center for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB3 0WA, United Kingdom Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, Watanabe H...

    View PDFchevron_right
    Internal calibration of the PandaX-II detector with radon gaseous sources
    Yonglin Ju

    2020

    We have developed a low-energy electron recoil (ER) calibration method with $^{220}$Rn for the PandaX-II detector. $^{220}$Rn, emanated from natural thorium compounds, was fed into the detector through the xenon purification system. From 2017 to 2019, we performed three dedicated calibration campaigns with different radon sources. We studied the detector response to $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$ particles with focus on low energy ER events. During the runs in 2017 and 2018, the amount of radioactivity of $^{222}$Rn were on the order of 1\% of that of $^{220}$Rn and thorium particulate contamination was negligible, especially in 2018. We also measured the background contribution from $^{214}$Pb for the first time in PandaX-II with the help from a $^{222}$Rn injection.

    View PDFchevron_right
    Design and commissioning of the PandaX-4T cryogenic distillation system for krypton and radon removal
    Yonglin Ju

    Journal of Instrumentation, 2021

    An online cryogenic distillation system for the removal of krypton and radon from xenon was designed and constructed for PandaX-4T, a highly sensitive dark matter detection experiment. The krypton content in a commercial xenon product is expected to be reduced by 7 orders of magnitude with 99% xenon collection efficiency at a flow rate of 10 kg/h by design. The same system can reduce radon content in xenon by reversed operation, with an expected radon reduction factor of about 1.8 in PandaX-4T under a flow rate of 56.5 kg/h. The commissioning of this system was completed, with krypton and radon operations tested under respective working conditions. The krypton concentration of the product xenon was measured with an upper limit of 8.0 ppt.

    View PDFchevron_right
    Dark Matter Search Results from the PandaX-4T Commissioning Run
    Yonglin Ju

    Physical Review Letters, 2021

    View PDFchevron_right
    580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved