Long life reaction control system design

Journal of KONES. Powertrain and Transport, 2016

The paper presents the main activities of the Institute of Aviation (IoA) in the field of chemical rocket propulsion. The relatively "fresh" research and development team performed many useful works within the last 5 years, starting from the strategy and ideas. Nowadays, the Space Technology Department of IoA acts as a member of international consortia realizing space projects, as well as itself working on its own assignments financed by the European Space Agency (ESA) and IoA funds. The important development aspect of rocket propulsion developed at IoA is the use of "green" propellants. These are chemicals, which are relatively safe for the environment and personnel, being a very promising alternative for storable toxic substances, e.g. hydrazine and derivatives, nitrogen tetroxide. R&D activities of STD are based on the use of Rocket Grade Hydrogen Peroxide (RGHP), also known as High Test Peroxide (HTP). This high-performance mono-propellant and oxidizer is regarded by European entities as one of the most promising candidates to replace hydrazine and its derivatives in the future. Due to numerous advantages, hydrogen peroxide is better suited for systems with human interaction that most of other propellant combinations. The paper contains selected results of research on green rocket propulsion performed at IoA, in which 98% hydrogen peroxide was used as oxidizer and monopropellant. Three types of rocket engines: monopropellant, liquid bipropellant and hybrid have been investigated and are still being developed.

EPJ Web of Conferences, 2013

The Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) engine is a laser-driven inertial fusion energy system being developed with the goal to deliver fusion power in the next decade. A pre-conceptual design is being developed for the LIFE fuel cycle, with the purpose of maximizing the potential safety advantages of fusion energy. Some key features of the LIFE fuel cycle include a high tritium fuel burn-up fraction, a relatively high tritium breeding ratio, low tritium permeation from the coolant/breeder, and limited tritium inventories throughout the facility. The present paper offers an overview the pre-conceptual design of the LIFE fuel cycle, including a summary of the development plan for the delivery of the related tritium processing equipment.

European Mechanical Science

Air transportation phenomenon is placed with sharing of world energy consumption between 2.5% and 5% totally and showing an increasing perspective approximately 4.8% per year. With the increasing world population and the energy consumption, the aviation industry has led the technology and researches to alternative and/or renewable energy sources depending on the risk of depletion on kerosene fuels and its effects on the price increasement and environmental negativeness. Hydrogen energy, which H2 is the most abundant element in the universe and most of it exists in the form of water and organic compounds, is considered the most promising fuel for all vehicles which need to effective energy. The diversity of availability and the renewability of hydrogen fuel have opened the way for use in different engineering applications with the creation of an environmentally friendly. The aerospace and aviation sectors have been the earlier to recognize the importance of using this fuel. The union of aviation industry and hydrogen energy has been met with NASA's works and has become remarkable position with the developing technology. This paper aim is touched upon the system of hydrogen usage strategies in aviation as a fuel. For this purpose, the brief history of using H2 in aviation were presented, then benefits and challenges were given with explanatory, engineering technology of usage H2 were analyzed, fuel cell applications and liquid forms of H2 is explained as a focus of fuel and storage necessity were discussed, new technologies approachment were analyzed and given with comparisons. As a result, a mini but detailed review perspective on state of art on usage hydrogen energy in aviation would be emphasized.

3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 2005

Aerospace, 2021

This paper presents the development of indigenous hybrid rocket technology, using 98% hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer. Consecutive steps are presented, which started with interest in hydrogen peroxide and the development of technology to obtain High Test Peroxide, finally allowing concentrations of up to 99.99% to be obtained in-house. Hydrogen peroxide of 98% concentration (mass-wise) was selected as the workhorse for further space propulsion and space transportation developments. Over the course nearly 10 years of the technology’s evolution, the Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Aviation completed hundreds of subscale hybrid rocket motor and component tests. In 2017, the Institute presented the first vehicle in the world to have demonstrated in-flight utilization for 98% hydrogen peroxide. This was achieved by the ILR-33 AMBER suborbital rocket, which utilizes a hybrid rocket propulsion as the main stage. Since then, three successful consecutive flights of the vehicle hav...

2006

: Turbine engine controllers are typically designed and operated to meet required or desired performance criterion within stability margins, while maximizing fuel efficiency. The U.S. Air Force turbine engine research program is seeking to incorporate sustainable cost reduction into this approach, by considering a life-cycle design objective if the life of the engine is considered as an objective during the design of the engine controller. Specifically during aircraft takeoff, the turbine engines are subject to high temperature variations that aggravate the stress of the material used in their construction and thus a negative effect in their life spans. Therefore, the control strategy needs to be re-evaluated to include operating cost, and extending the life of the engine is one way to reduce that. Life-Extending Control (LEC) is an area that deals with control action, engine component life usage, and designing an intelligent control algorithm embedded in the FADEC. This paper evalu...

Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, 2013

The research for low toxicity and no damage to the environment has stimulated the development of specific investigation lines in many areas. Inevitably, the criteria for safe handling, sensitivity and, above all, specific impulse (efficiencies) of propellant compositions are still superior in relation to ecological appeals. Nowadays, however, the solid or liquid propulsion, as aerospace as military, has already compounds to efficiency and eco-friendly characteristics. This study aimed at describing "green" alternatives to propulsive systems.

1968

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its Use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer. or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, r a mmendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

European Transport Research Review, 2013

Introduction MAAT cruiser/feeder airship system is a transport system financed by European 7th Framework programme 2011. The project aims to realize a cruiser/feeder airship system, which can connect major populated centres worldwide. The MAAT cruiser feeder system is based on two different airships, the cruiser, which remains airborne for long times, and the feeder, which connects the cruiser with the ground and vice versa. This paper traces a detailed bibliography about MAAT project showing the actual state of the art of the project. This bibliographic review allows understanding the level of innovation related to this project. Methods Starting from the results of the preceding literature, the authors present a model of the cruiser, in terms of both mass and energy. According to the preceding studies, they have assumed the following minimal set of hypothesis: the buoyant gas is hydrogen; the shape of the cruiser is a discoid; operative altitude is in the range 15-17 km. It is well known that the major showstopper to actual diffusion of airships is related to the initial costs related to the use of Helium. The problem is more accentuated in Europe than in USA and Russia, because of higher unitary prices. An economic comparison with the possibility of using Hydrogen has produced. A further comparison has performed in terms of operations, focusing on the necessity of replacing the gas, which disperses in the external atmosphere because of the porosity of the tissues of the balloon system. The on board generation of hydrogen as an energy system is very convenient on long permanence airships because the replacement buoyant gas can be produced on board. It has been also traced a complete energy balance of the cruiser airship assuming it as discoid. On one side it has been evaluated the hydrolysis process against batteries showing that an hydrolyser/fuell cell cycle has a lower efficiency in comparison of batteries but it looks less expensive and presents a lower weight than any battery type.