Stereo Reconstruction from Apollo 15 and 16 Metric Camera

2004

As part of CNES-ISPRS HRS Study Team investigation, SPOT-5 HRS along-track stereo data over Montmirail (France) and Melbourne (Australia) test sites were evaluated using the modified IRS-1C/1D stereo photogrammetric software Saphire and PCI Geomatica Orthoengine (version 9) software. Both the stereo pairs were processed using the four corners and one center pixel planimetric coordinates for each individual image as control points. The linearly interpolated satellite state vectors were used in the space resection module of the modified Saphire software to compute the updated attitude angles based on the control point coordinates, separately for each image. Conjugate points were automatically identified using interest points based hierarchical image matching. Using the space intersection module, (planimetric coordinates and) heights were computed at each conjugate point. These were interpolated to generate a uniform DEM grid of required spacing. For Montmirail, the DEM generated was c...

The evolution of non-metric digital cameras and its integration with direct orientation sensors (GPS/INS), make feasible some applications that require fast mapping, like thematic and cadastral mapping, disasters management and environment monitoring. However, the accuracies of the GPS/INS sensors are usually not enough to generate a stereo-model without vertical parallax, hindering the stereoscopic visualization of the scene and affecting the 3D reconstruction. This paper presents an automatic methodology for removing the vertical parallax in the model, based on a modified coplanarity model. Some tie points are automatically measured in the model using area-based correspondence methods, integrating methods to reduce the search space and an a priori analysis of the matching areas to increase the robustness of the process. After the EO parameters adjustment, the images are normalized through an epipolar resampling, in order to provide a suitable stereoscopic visualization and to facilitate the process of automatic Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generation. A methodology for DTM generation, based on the adjusted EO parameters and epipolar images is presented as well. Some experiments in a test area were performed, and the results obtained are discussed, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

2016

This paper presents a matching algorithm for automatic DTM generation from SPOT images that provides dense, accurate and reliable results and attacks the problem of radiometric differences between the images. The proposed algorithm is based on a modified version of the Multiphoto Geometrically Constrained Matching (MPGC). It is the first algorithm that explicitly uses the SPOT geometry in matching, restricting thus the search space in one dimension, and simultaneously providing pixel and ob-ject coordinates. This leads to an increase in reliability, and to reduction and easier detection of blunders. The sensor modelling is based on Kratky’s polynomial mapping functions to transform between the image spaces of stereopairs. With their help epipo-lar lines that are practically straight can be determined and the search is constrained along these lines. The polynomial functions can also provide approximate values, which are further refined by the use of an image pyramid. Radiometric diff...

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2022

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation, 2012

Until recently, the acquisition of high quality digital elevation models was dominated by the use of airborne lidar. However, meanwhile the increasing quality of digital airborne cameras in combination with recent improvements in matching algorithms allow for an automatic image-based acquisition as a suitable alternative. Within the paper, this progress will be demonstrated on the example of photogrammetric DEM generation using the semi-global matching (SGM) stereo method. Since this approach aims at pixel-wise matching, dense 3D point clouds can be generated. The tests described in the paper are based on data collected from different digital airborne cameras at various flight scenarios during a recent test on photogrammetric 3D data capture. Thus, the impact of different stereo configurations on the quality of the final outcome can be evaluated and compared to test results already available. Special interest is also paid to the combination of multiple stereo pairs with different base-to-height ratios, which can be used efficiently to increase the precision and reliability of the matching results. Zusammenfassung: Hochwertige Digitale Höhenmodelle aus dichter Mehrbildstereozuordnung. Die Erzeugung digitaler Höhenmodelle wurde bis vor kurzem durch den Einsatz von Lidar dominiert. Durch die verbesserte Qualität von Kamerasystemen und die voranschreitende Entwicklung bildbasierter Zuordnungsverfahren stellt die Datenerfassung mittels Luftbildkameras mittlerweile eine ernstzunehmende Alternative dar. In diesem Artikel wird dieser Fortschritt anhand des Beispiels der photogrammetrischen DEM Generierung durch Semi-Global Matching (SGM) aufgezeigt. Mittels dieser Methode werden pixelweise Zuordnungen zwischen zwei Bildpaaren erhalten, so dass extrem dichte Oberflächenmodelle generiert werden können. Für die in diesem Artikel durchgeführten Tests wurde Bildmaterial unterschiedlicher Kamerasysteme und Flugkonfigurationen untersucht. Dabei wurde unter anderem auf Daten im Rahmen kürzlich durchgeführter Tests zur Untersuchung photogrammetrischer Datenerfassung zurückgegriffen. So kann der Einfluss von flugspezifischen Parametern auf die erhaltene Resultate evaluiert, und selbige mit bestehenden Ergebnissen verglichen werden. Spezielle Beachtung findet außerdem die Fusion mehrerer Stereomodelle resultierend aus Bildpaaren unterschiedlicher Basis-Höhenverhältnisse. Dies ermöglicht eine Steigerung hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit und der geometrischen Qualität.

2002

Je tiens à remercier d'abord mes directeurs de thèse, Jean-Pierre Jessel et Victor Patriciu, pour leur confiance et leur soutien, surtout dans toutes les formalités administratives qu'une thèse implique. Je remercie également le consortium Geowine pour avoir financé ces travaux de recherche.

Workshop On Immersive Communication And Broadcast Systems, Berlin, Germany, 2005

In this paper, the depth cue due to the assumption of texture uniqueness is reviewed. The spatial direction over which a similarity measure is optimized, in order to establish a stereo correspondence, is considered and methods to increase the precision and accuracy of stereo reconstructions are presented. An efficient implementation of the above methods is offered, based on optimizations that evaluate potential correspondences hierarchically, in the spatial and angular dimensions. Furthermore, the expansion of the above techniques in a multi-view framework where calibration errors cause the misregistration of individually obtained reconstructions are considered, and a treatment of the data is proposed for the elimination of duplicate reconstructions of a single surface point. Finally, a processing step is proposed for the increase of reconstruction precision and post-processing of the final result. The above contributions are integrated in a generic and parallelizable implementation of the uniqueness constraint to observe speedup and increase in the fidelity of surface reconstruction.

Camera calibration is an important and sensitive step in 3D environment reconstruction by stereovision. Small errors in the estimation of the camera parameters could rise to high errors in the 3D measurements, as the working distance increases. Therefore a method for analyzing the influence of each camera's parameter error in the accuracy of the 3D measurement is compulsory in order to minimize the overall 3D reconstruction error. In this paper we propose a method to analyze the influence of each camera's parameter of the stereovision system by applying a 3D stereo-reconstruction algorithm on a controlled 3D scene, having a depth range comparable with the working range of the 3D measurement application.

This paper describes the process of photogrammetric point determination by bundle adjustment using three-line imagery collected by MOMS-2P, the German Modular Optoelectronic Multispectral Scanner. Since May 1996 MOMS-2P is attached to the remote sensing module PRIRODA of the Russian space station MIR. Its stereo module with three differently oriented lenses allows for the acquisition of three-fold along track stereoscopic imagery. The forward and aft looking channels provide 18 m, the nadir looking high resolution (HR) channel 6 m ground pixel size. For the photogrammetric evaluation 9 image scenes of orbit T083C were composed to an approximately 415 km long image strip covering parts of Southern Germany and Austria. For the German part control points provided by AMilGeo (Amt für Militärisches Geowesen) were used as ground control, with an accuracy of 1.5 m in X, Y and Z. The navigation data are recorded simultaneously with the image lines by the MOMS-NAV package mounted next to MOMS-2P on the PRIRODA module. The orbit positions are expected to have 5 m absolute and 3 m relative accuracy. The INS data have a relative accuracy of 15 00 . Since MOMS was mounted in orbit during an extra vehicular activity (EVA), there is no precise absolute pointing knowledge of the MOMS camera axes. According to experiences of earlier MOMS data evaluations the camera geometry is simultaneously estimated by self calibration methods. Using small subsets of 12, 7 and 4 control points empirical accuracies of approximately 8 m in planimetry and 10 m in height are achieved, verified by 141 independent check points. Finally a digital elevation model is produced for the entire area (about 50 km 100 km), which is imaged by all three stereo channels. For that purpose about 700.000 points are transformed into object space using the estimated interior and exterior orientation of the bundle adjustment. The comparison with a reference digital terrain model of AMilGeo results in normally distributed height differences with a standard deviation also of 10 m, demonstrating that the achieved accuracy of point determination is valid for the entire area.

IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2002

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument, launched in December 1999 on the NASA EOS Terra Satellite, produces images in the red band at 275-m resolution, over a swath width of 360 km, for the nine camera angles 70.5 , 60 , 45.6 , and 26.1 forward, nadir and 26.1 , 45.6 , 60 , and 70.5 aft (hereafter, referred to as Df, Cf, Bf, Af, An, Aa, Ba, Ca, and Da, respectively). A set of accurate and fast algorithms was developed for automated stereo matching of cloud features to obtain cloud-top height and motion over the nominal six-year lifetime of the mission. Accuracy and speed requirements necessitated the use of a combination of area-based and feature-based stereo-matchers with only pixel-level acuity. Feature-based techniques are used for cloud motion retrieval with the off-nadir MISR camera views, and the motion is then used to provide a correction to the disparities used to measure cloud-top heights which are derived from the innermost three cameras. Intercomparison with a previously developed "superstereo" matcher shows that the results are very comparable in accuracy with much greater coverage and at ten times the speed. Intercomparison of feature-based and area-based techniques shows that the feature-based techniques are comparable in accuracy at a factor of eight times the speed. An assessment of the accuracy of the area-based matcher for cloud-free scenes demonstrates the accuracy and completeness of the stereo-matcher. This trade-off has resulted in the loss of a reliable quality metric to predict accuracy and a slightly high blunder rate. Examples are shown of the application of the MISR stereo-matchers on several difficult scenes which demonstrate the efficacy of the matching approach.