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Title
Abstract
Figures
Introduction
Proposed Structure Design
Simulation and Analysis
Experimental Setup
Conclusion
References
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Engineering
Materials Science

Wide band metamaterial absorber for Ku and K band applications

Profile image of Chetan BardeChetan Barde

2019, Journal of Applied Physics

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5119311
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Abstract

This paper presents a very compact simple double square shaped design of a Metamaterial Absorber (MA). The dimension of the square is 1.41×1.41mm2, and the overall dimension of the unit cell structure is 5×5mm2. A wideband of absorption is achieved from 14.44 GHz to 27.87 GHz having a bandwidth of 13.43 GHz at −10 dB, which covers the Ku (12 GHz–18 GHz) and K (18 GHz–27 GHz) bands approximately. The proposed structure finds application in the field of radar and satellite communications. The full width half maxima bandwidth achieved is 16.39 GHz (from 13.61 GHz to 30.00 GHz). Three absorption peaks are obtained at 16.54, 20.54, and 25.81 GHz with absorptivity of 99.89%, 99.95%, and 99.96%, respectively. The simulation of the proposed MA is carried out using ANSYS HFSSv19.1, and it is fabricated on FR4 (Flame Retardant) using a printed circuit board. Analysis is done under both normal incident and oblique incident for different angles. The measured and simulated results for absorption...

Figures (18)
FIG. 1. Three layer design of the proposed structure (top layer = 0.035 mm, substrate = 1.6 mm, and bottom layer = 0.035 mm). The proposed double square design is simulated for different cases (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) by varying the length of the substrate and length of the patch, and it was found that the wideband is
FIG. 1. Three layer design of the proposed structure (top layer = 0.035 mm, substrate = 1.6 mm, and bottom layer = 0.035 mm). The proposed double square design is simulated for different cases (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) by varying the length of the substrate and length of the patch, and it was found that the wideband is
FIG. 2. Proposed MA top view: a = 5mm and b = 1.41 mm.
FIG. 2. Proposed MA top view: a = 5mm and b = 1.41 mm.
FIG. 3. Absorptivity curve for different variations of substrate length and patch length. Figure 4 shows the absorptivity curve for case D when the wave is normally incident on the structure. The simulation result shows a wideband of absorption having a —10 dB bandwidth of 13.43 GHz (from 14.44 GHz to 27.87 GHz) and the FWHM band- width of 16.39 GHz (from 13.61 GHz to 30.00 GHz) with three absorption peaks at 16.54, 20.54, and 25.81 GHz with absorptivity of 99.89%, 99.95%, and 99.96%, respectively.
FIG. 3. Absorptivity curve for different variations of substrate length and patch length. Figure 4 shows the absorptivity curve for case D when the wave is normally incident on the structure. The simulation result shows a wideband of absorption having a —10 dB bandwidth of 13.43 GHz (from 14.44 GHz to 27.87 GHz) and the FWHM band- width of 16.39 GHz (from 13.61 GHz to 30.00 GHz) with three absorption peaks at 16.54, 20.54, and 25.81 GHz with absorptivity of 99.89%, 99.95%, and 99.96%, respectively.
TABLE I. Different cases of the proposed MA. Absorption mechanism can be explained by considering MA as a homogeneous medium, so evaluation can be done by applying the formulas given in Eqs. (2) and (3),28
TABLE I. Different cases of the proposed MA. Absorption mechanism can be explained by considering MA as a homogeneous medium, so evaluation can be done by applying the formulas given in Eqs. (2) and (3),28
FIG. 4. Absorptivity curve of the proposed MA (case D) for normal incidence. The refractive index is calculated using Eq. (3) and is plotted in Fig. 5. Effective permittivity (€,7) and effective permeability (uz) are the two effective parameters to explain the absorption
FIG. 4. Absorptivity curve of the proposed MA (case D) for normal incidence. The refractive index is calculated using Eq. (3) and is plotted in Fig. 5. Effective permittivity (€,7) and effective permeability (uz) are the two effective parameters to explain the absorption
Figure 6 depicts the variation of normalized impedance with fre- quency, and it is observed that real and imaginary parts of normal- ized input impedance become unity and zero, respectively, at the absorption peaks. The real part approaching unity indicates that proper impedance matching is achieved, which leads to maximum absorption. Normalized impedance Z(@) approaches unity because of the rapid change in the values of €,y and ,¢ at absorption
Figure 6 depicts the variation of normalized impedance with fre- quency, and it is observed that real and imaginary parts of normal- ized input impedance become unity and zero, respectively, at the absorption peaks. The real part approaching unity indicates that proper impedance matching is achieved, which leads to maximum absorption. Normalized impedance Z(@) approaches unity because of the rapid change in the values of €,y and ,¢ at absorption
FIG. 7. Real part of permittivity and permeability of the proposed MA. frequency, satisfying the electric and magnetic resonance condition. This is obvious from egg and 44,7 plots shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
FIG. 7. Real part of permittivity and permeability of the proposed MA. frequency, satisfying the electric and magnetic resonance condition. This is obvious from egg and 44,7 plots shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
FIG. 8. Imaginary part of permittivity and permeability of the proposed MA. Magnetic excitation is created due to circulating current because of the incident magnetic field. Similarly, electric excitation is created at the top layer due to the electric field. Therefore, the magnetic and electric excitations occur simultaneously. This can be proved by observing a large deviation of €,y and yy near all the three absorption peaks as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The proposed MA is examined under the normal incident of wave and angle of polarization for different angles as shown in Fig. 10. It is observed that same polarization occurs for different angles under normal incidence. Under oblique incident of wave, the proposed structure is investigated for both TE and TM polarization. The simulation is obtained at different angles of incidence (0, 15, 30, and 45) for both TE and TM, and the absorptivity is plotted in Figs. 11 and 12, respectively. It can be seen that higher absorptivity is achieved; ie., absorptivity is greater than 80%, and wide bandwidth means
FIG. 8. Imaginary part of permittivity and permeability of the proposed MA. Magnetic excitation is created due to circulating current because of the incident magnetic field. Similarly, electric excitation is created at the top layer due to the electric field. Therefore, the magnetic and electric excitations occur simultaneously. This can be proved by observing a large deviation of €,y and yy near all the three absorption peaks as shown in Figs. 7 and 8. The proposed MA is examined under the normal incident of wave and angle of polarization for different angles as shown in Fig. 10. It is observed that same polarization occurs for different angles under normal incidence. Under oblique incident of wave, the proposed structure is investigated for both TE and TM polarization. The simulation is obtained at different angles of incidence (0, 15, 30, and 45) for both TE and TM, and the absorptivity is plotted in Figs. 11 and 12, respectively. It can be seen that higher absorptivity is achieved; ie., absorptivity is greater than 80%, and wide bandwidth means
FIG. 9. Surface current distribution on the proposed MA: (a) top surface and (b) bottom surface.
FIG. 9. Surface current distribution on the proposed MA: (a) top surface and (b) bottom surface.
FIG. 10. Simulated absorption of the proposed MA for different polarization angles under normal incident.
FIG. 10. Simulated absorption of the proposed MA for different polarization angles under normal incident.
FIG. 11. Simulated absorption of the proposed MA for TE polarization under oblique incident.
FIG. 11. Simulated absorption of the proposed MA for TE polarization under oblique incident.
TABLE Il. Comparison of simulated and measured results of the proposed MA.
TABLE Il. Comparison of simulated and measured results of the proposed MA.
FIG. 13. Fabricated model of the proposed MA: (a) an array of 30 x 30 and (b) an enlarged view. FIG. 12. Simulated absorption of the proposed MA for TM polarization under oblique incident.
FIG. 13. Fabricated model of the proposed MA: (a) an array of 30 x 30 and (b) an enlarged view. FIG. 12. Simulated absorption of the proposed MA for TM polarization under oblique incident.
FIG. 14. (a) Experimental setup. (b) View inside the anechoic-chamber.
FIG. 14. (a) Experimental setup. (b) View inside the anechoic-chamber.
FIG. 15. Simulated and measured result absorption coefficients.
FIG. 15. Simulated and measured result absorption coefficients.
REFERENCES TABLE Ill. Comparison of the proposed MA with already published articles. maxima at 17.01, 20.79, and 26.21 GHz with absorptivity of 98.56%, 99.02%, and 99.56%, respectively. The above discussion leads to the conclusion that simulated and measured results are very close to each other, with little variation in fabrication tolerance. To highlight the efficacy of the proposed MA, a comparison is done with various wideband MAs available in the literature in Table II in terms of unit cell size, bandwidth, FWHM, and thick- ness. The comparison clearly shows that the proposed MA is better than other considered wideband MAs in many respects.
REFERENCES TABLE Ill. Comparison of the proposed MA with already published articles. maxima at 17.01, 20.79, and 26.21 GHz with absorptivity of 98.56%, 99.02%, and 99.56%, respectively. The above discussion leads to the conclusion that simulated and measured results are very close to each other, with little variation in fabrication tolerance. To highlight the efficacy of the proposed MA, a comparison is done with various wideband MAs available in the literature in Table II in terms of unit cell size, bandwidth, FWHM, and thick- ness. The comparison clearly shows that the proposed MA is better than other considered wideband MAs in many respects.

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Related topics

  • Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Ku Band

    • Cited by

    Comment on “Wide band metamaterial absorber for Ku and K band applications” [J. Appl. Phys. 126, 175104 (2019)]
    sajeel zafar

    Journal of Applied Physics, 2020

    In recent research published by Chetan et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 126, 175104 (2019)], a wideband metamaterial absorber for Ku and K band applications was presented. In this article, the electromagnetic absorption of more than 90% has been claimed over a large band of frequencies from 14.44 GHz to 27.87 GHz, achieving a bandwidth of 13.43 GHz. In this comment paper, we proved that the authors did not consider the cross-polarized component of the reflected wave while calculating the absorption index of the proposed structure. The structure, in practical, absorbs even less than 20% of the incident electromagnetic energy within the claimed band while the other energy is reflected back in the form of 90°rotating electric field with respect to the incident field. The subject metamaterial "absorber" can be seen as an efficient cross-polarizer having a polarization conversion ratio above 95%.

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