Academia.eduAcademia.edu

Outline

Decentralized System Control

1986

Abstract

This report has been reviewe'6 br the RADC Public Affairs Office (PA) and b is releasO-le to the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS it will be releasable to the general public, including foreing nations. RADC-TR-85-199 has been reviewed and is approved for publication. APPROVED: .-UNCLASSIFIED Ia EOTSECURITY CLASSIFICATION EOR DOCMETAO PAGE6 la. EPOT SEURIY CLSSIICATON b. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS UcLAsIFIED N/A 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION/IAVAILABIUITY OF REPORT X/iA Approved for public release; 2b. DECLASSIFICATION i DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution unlimited 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) ,%%. CMU-CS-ARCRONs-83-1 ACT.8 9 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORIN4G ORGANIZATION Carnegie-Mellon University Rome Air DeveomtCner COD 6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIPCod.) 7b ADDRESS (City, State. and ZIP Code)p Dept. of Computer Science Griffiss AFB NY 13441-5700 Pittsburgh PA 15213 Ba. NAME OF FUNDING / SPONSORING Sb. OFFICE SYMBOL 9 PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 'i Rome Air Development Center COTD 730602-8l-C-0297 '.-8c. ADDRESS (City State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS

References (89)

  1. 5 References% [Amdahl 641 G. M. Amdahl, G. A. Illaauw. and F. P. Brooks, Jr. Architecture of the I BM System/360. 1BM Journal of Research and Development 8(2):87-101, April. 194.%
  2. Mario R. Barbacci. Gary E Barnes. Roderic G. Catll, and Daniel P. Siewiorek. ' The ISPS Computer Description Language Third edition. Decpartments of Computcr Science and Electrical Engineering, Carnegie- Mellon University, 1980.
  3. Barney 821 Clifford Barney. Fewer instructions speed up VLSI. Electronics :101-102, November 17, 1982.1
  4. Blaauw 82] Gerrit A. Bisauw and Frederick P. Brooks Jr. Computer Architecture. 1982. Unpublished draft of a book: Fall, 1982.
  5. 9, [Brakefield 821 James Brakefield. ' Just what is an Op-Code. Computer Architecture News 10(4):31-34, June, 1982.
  6. *[Clark 801 Douglas W. Clark and William D. Strecker. Comtments on 'The Case for the Reduced Instruction Set Computer,' by Patterson and Ditzel. Computer Architecture Newi 6(6):34-38, October, 1980. [Clark 82] Douglas W. Clark and Henry M. Levy. Measurement and Analysis of Instruction Use in the Vax..11/780. In Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture. pages 9-17. IEEE - and ACM, ApriL 1982.
  7. R.P. Colwell. CY. Hitchcock 111, E.D. Jensen.
  8. '\ Peering Through the RISC/CISC Fog: an Outline of Research. ' Computer Architecture New 1(Il):44-S0, March, 1983. [Cox 831 G.W. Cox, W.M. Corwin, K.K. Lail F.J. Pollack. Interprocess Communication and Processor Dispatching on the Intel 432.. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 1(j), February, 1983.
  9. Dannenberg, R.B. An Architecture with Many Operand Registers to Efficiently Execute Block-Structured Lan- guages.
  10. In Proc of 6th Annual Symp on Computer Architecture, pages 50-57. IEEE and ACM, April, 1979.
  11. David A. Ditzel and David A. Patterson. Retrospective on High-Level Language Computer Architecture. In Proceedings from the 7th Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture, pages 97-104. IEEE Computer Society and AC M, May, 1980.
  12. David R. Ditzcl and H. R. McLellan. Register Allocation for Free: The C Machine Stack Cache. In Proceedings from the Symposium on Architectural Support for Programming Ianguages and Operating Systenm pages 48-56. IEEE Computer Society and ACM. March 1-3, 1982. [Foderaro 821
  13. John K. Foderaro. Korbin S. Van Dyke, and David A. Patterson. Running RISCs. VLSI Design I11(5):27-32 September/October, 1982. '4,"," [Halbert 801 D. Halbert and P. Kessler. Windows of Overlapping Register Frames. In CS292R Final Project Reports pages 82-100. University of California. Berkeley, CA. 1980. unpublished.
  14. P.M. Hansen. M.A. Linton, R.N. Mayo, M. Murphy, DA. Patterson. A Performance Evaluation of the Intel iAPX 432. Computer Architecture News 10(4), June, 1982. '" [Hansen 82b] Paul M. Hansen. Mark A. Linton, Robert N. Mayo, Marguerite Murphy, and David A. Patterson. A Performance Evaluation of the Intel iAPX 432. Computer Architecture News 10(4):17-27, June, 1982.
  15. Hennessy 82] John Hennessy. Norman Jouppi. John Gill. Forest Baskett. Alex Strong. Thomas Gro-, Chris Rowen, and Judson Leonard. The MIPS Machine. In Proceedings of the Spring CompCon, pages 2-7. IEEE, February, 1982.
  16. Hoffman.R 78] Hoffman, R.L and Soltis, F.G. Hardware Organization of the System/38.
  17. In IBM System/38: Technical Developments, pages 19-21. IBM GS80-0237, 1978. Reprinted in Siewiorek et al, Computer Structures." Principles and Examples, McGraw-Hill, [Lc.W 74] Lcc, W.K. The Memory Management Function in a Multiprocessor Computer System -A Description of the 8CC 500 Aemory Manager. % Technical Report R-2. Thc Aloha System. Task II, Dept. of Electrical Engineering. Univ. of Hawaii. September, 1974.
  18. Myers 821 Glenford J. Myers. Advances in Computer Architecture. John Wiley and Sons. 1982. 2nd Edition. , [Olson 83] Robert A. Olson. B. Kumar, Leonard E. Shar. Messages and Multiprocessing in the ELXSI System 6400. In Proceedings of the Spring 1983 CompCon. IEEF_ March. 1983.
  19. David A. Patterson and David R. Ditzel. The Case for the Reduced Instruction Set Computer. Computer Architecture News 8(6):25-33, October, 1980.
  20. David A. Patterson and Carlo H. Sequin. Design Considerations'for Single-Chip Computers of the Future. IEEE Transactions on Computers C-29(2):108-116, February, 1980.
  21. David A. Patterson and Carlo H. Sequin. RISC I: A Reduced Instruction Set VLSI Computer. In Proceedings from the 8th Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture, pages 443-457. IEEE Computer Society and ACM, May, 1981.
  22. David A. Patterson and Carlo H. Sequin.
  23. A VLSI RISC Computer 15(9):8-21, September, 1982.
  24. D. Patterson, R.S. Piepho. RISC Assessment: A High Level Language Experiment. In 9th Annual Symposium on Computer Architectures. April, 1982.
  25. David A. Patterson and Richard S. Piepho. Assessing RISCs in High-Level Language Support. IEEE Micro 2(4):9-19, November, 1982.
  26. Radin 831 George Radin. The 801 Minicomputer. IBM Journal of Research and Development 27(3):237-246, May, 1983. [Radin.G 82] Radin, G. The 801 Minicomputer. In Proc. of Symp. on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, pages 39-47. ACM, March, 1982.
  27. Richards.H 75] Richards, H., Jr. and Oldehoeft A.E.. Hardware-Software Interactions in SYMBOL-2R's Operating System. In Proc. of 2nd Annual Symp. on Computer Architecture, pages 113-118. IEEE and ACM, January, 1975.
  28. S. . . .. . . . .- *.*• .* [Ritchic.D 741 Ritchic, D.M. and Thompson. K The UNIX Time-Sharing System. Communications of the ACAI 17(7):365-375, July, 1974.
  29. Ruggiero.M 801 Ruggicro, M.D. and Zaky, S.G. A Microprocessor-Bascd Virtual Memory System. In Proc. of 7th Annual Symp. on Computer Architecture. pages 228-235. IEEE and ACM.
  30. May, 1980. [Sigma 681 SDS Sigma 7 Computer Reference Manual Scientific Data Systems, 1968.
  31. Sites 79] Richard L. Sites. How to Use 1000 Registers. In Proceedings of the CalTech Conference on VLSI, pages 527-532. January, 1979. (Strecker.W 781 Strecker, W.D. VAX-11/780: A Virtual Address Extension to the DEC PDP-11 Family. In Proc of National Computer Conf. pages 967-980. AFIPS. June, 1978. Reprinted in Siewiorek et aL, Computer Structures. Principles and Examples, McGraw-HilL. 1982, pp. 716-729.
  32. Szewerenko 811 Leland Szewerenko, William B. Dietz, and Frank E. Ward, Jr. Nebula: A New Architecture and Its Relationship to Computer Hardware. Computer 14(2):35-41, February, 198L
  33. Tamir 83] Yuval Tamir and Carlo H. Sequin. Strategies for Managing the Register File in RISC. To be published in the IEEE Transactions on Computers. 1983.
  34. Thornton, I.E. Parallel Operation in the Control Data 6600. In Proc. of Fall Joint Computer Conf.. P 2, pages 33-40. AFIPS, 1964. Reprinted in Siewiorek et al, Computer Structures." Principles and Examples, McGraw-Hill, 1982, pp. 730-736.
  35. Wendorf, J.W. Hardware Support for Operating System Architectures. 1983. In preparation, Computer Science Department. Carnegie-Mellon University.
  36. Win. A. Wulf. PQCC: A Machine-Relmaive Compiler Technology. Technical Report CMU-CS-80-144, Carnegie-Mellon University. 1980.
  37. •.. .
  38. II • .-.....'. "..o'.., .'....... ,............,, .'.'. -.'.". . .... '.*....*..........'."..,....'........................-........- ,".':.,,".",''<".'': '.' , ''..'''.-''--. --'.:---". ."."*."-'.-. *.
  39. *.. -----. -..
  40. F.- ..
  41. the message reached its destination,
  42. the message. got timed out (either the destination process itself or the transmission channel was tCo busy tohandle the message with a specific time limit), since each of these alternatives would suggest a different course of action, 1. go on, 2. give up, 3. try again, 4, right away, re-transmit, perhaps later -meanwhile do something else. If the system being designed has a high degree of centralized control (as when the appearance of parallel processing is created by multiplexing a ,ingle processor), this type of support is laifly easy to provide with very little loss in the elegance of the design, so that there is no problem. References [Aichin 83] J. E Allchin. M.S. McKendry. Synchronization and Recovery of Actions. In Proc. of the Second Principles of Distributed Computing Conference, pages 31-44. August. 1983. [Bernstein 791 Philip A. Bernstein. David W. Shipman and Wing S. Wong. Formal Aspects or Serializability in )atabase Concurrency Control. IEEE Transaciions on Softwre Fngineering SI-'-5(3):203-216, May. 1979.
  43. Philip A. Bcmcstcin and Nathan Goodman. Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems. ACM Computing Surveys 13(2):185-221, June. 1981.
  44. Dahl721 O.-J. Dahl and C. A. R. Hoare. Hierarchical Program Structures.
  45. In C. A. R. Hoare (cdior). A.P.l.C. Studies in Data Processing. Volume 8: Structured Progrwnining. chapter 3, pages 175-220. Academic Press. London and New York, 1972. ' [Dept. of Defense 821 , Reference Manual for the Ada Programming Language July 1982 edition. Dept. of Defense, Ada Joint Program Officc. Washington. DC, 1982. [Eswaran 761 K. P. Eswaran. James N. Gray. Raymond A. Lorie, L L Traiger. The Notions of Consistency and Predicate Locks in a Database System. ,. . Comm. ofthe ACM1 19(11), November, 1976. [Garcia-Molina 831
  46. Hecwr Garcia-Molina. Using Semantic Knowledge for Transaction Processing in a Distributed Database.
  47. • ACM Transactions on Database Systems 8(2):186-213, June, 1983. .
  48. % [Gray 751 J. N. Gray. R.A. Lorie, G. R. Putzolu, and I. L Traiger. Granularity of Locks and Degrees of Consistency in a Shared Data Base. IBM Research Report RJ1654, IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, Ca., September, 1975.
  49. Jan Gray. A Transaction ModeL. .'-"'." IBM Research Report R12895, IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, Ca., August, 1980. [Gray 81] James N. Gray. et al The Recovery Manager of the System R Database Manager. ACM Computing Surveys (2):223-242 June, 198L .
  50. C A. R. Hoar. Monitors: An Operating System Structuring ConcepL Comm. of the ACM 17(10):549-557, October, 1974.
  51. Korth 831 Henry F. Korth. Locking Primiives in a Database System. Journal of the ACM 30(1), Jaunary, 1983.
  52. H. T. Kung and C. H. Papadimitriou. An Optimality Thcory of Concurrency Control for Databascs. In Proceedings of the 1979 SIG1IOD Conference. ACIVi Boston, MA., May, 1979.
  53. Bgider W. Lampson.
  54. ' *" - '%tomic Transactions.
  55. In G. Gaos and J. Hartmanis (editors). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Volume 105: ,- Disiributed Systems -Archiic'ure and Implementation: An Advanced Course. chapter 11, pages 246-265. Springcr-Verlag, 1981.
  56. Bruce G. Lindsay, ct al. Nutes on Distributed Databases. IBM Research Report RJ2571. IBM Research Laboratory. San Jose, Ca., July. 1979.
  57. B. Liskov, A. Snyder. R.Atkinson. C. Schaffert. Abstraction Mechanisms in CLU. Communications of the ACA 20(8). August, 1977. [Liskov 82a] Barbara Liskov. On Linguistic Support for Distributed Programs. IEEE Trans, on Software Engineering SE-8(3):203-210, May, 1982. [Liskov 8215 Barbara Liskov and Robert Scheifler. Guardians And Actions: Linguistic Support for Robust, Distributed Programs. In Proceedings of the Ninth ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symposium on the Principles of Programming Languages, pages 7-19. Albuquerque, NM. January, 1982.
  58. David B. Lomet. Process Structuring. Synchronization, and Recovery Using Atomic Actions. ACM SIGPLAN Notices 12(3). March. 1977.
  59. Moss $11 J. Eliot B. Moss. Nested Transactionr An Approach to Reliable Distributed Computing. PhD thesis, MIT, April, 198L [Papadimitriou 77]
  60. H. Papadimitriou, P. A. Bernstein, and J. B. Rothnie. Some Computational Prohlems Related to Database Concurrency ControL In Proceedings of the Conference on Theoretical Computer Science. Waterloo, Ont.. August, 1977. (Reed 781 David P. Reed. Naming and Synchronization in a Deccntralized Computer System. PhD thesis. MIT. September. 1978. (Schwarz 821 Peter M. Schwarz. '.'-. - Building Systems Based on Atomic Transactions. 1982. PhD. Thesis Proposal, Carnegie-Mellon University. : .
  61. ~ - . .4 " .... .. . ' .. .
  62. +, L .-' [SchwarL 83] Peter M. Schwarz Alfred 7. Spector. Recuven, u/Shared ,bstract Types. Carnegie-Mellon Report CMU-CS-83-151. Carnegic-Mcllon University. Pittsburgh. PA. October, 1983.
  63. Sha 831 Lui Sha. F_ I)ouglas Jensen. Richard F. Rashid. J. )uane Northcutt. Distributed Co-operating Processes and Tranactions. in Prvceedings,.ICA, SIGOMAI Symposium. 1983.
  64. William F. WeihI. data lDpendent Concurrency Control and Rccovcry. In Prrx. of the Second Principles of Disiributed Computing Conj'erence. pages 73-74. August. 1983.
  65. W. Wcihl. B. Liskov. Specification and Implementation of Resilient, Atomic Data Types. In Symposium on Programming Language Issues in Sof ware Systems. June, 1983.
  66. Wulr741 W. A. Wulf. E. Cohen. W. Corwin. A. Jones. R. Levin, C. Picrson. F. Pollack. HYDRA: The Kr mcl of a Muiltiprocessor Opcrating System. Communications of the ACM 17(6):337-345, June, 1974.
  67. W. A. Wulr. R. L London. M. Shaw. An Introduction to the Construction and Verification of Alphard Programs. IEEE Transctions on Software Engineering SE-2(4), December, 1976.
  68. James E. Allchir, and Martin S. McKendry. Objcct-Bascd Synchronization and Recovery. 1982. School of Information and Computer Sciencc, Georgia Institute of Technology. submitted for publication.
  69. P. A. Bernstcin, N. Goodman, and M. Y. Lai. Two Part Proof Schema for Database Concurrcncy Control.
  70. In Proc. Fifth Berkeley Wkshp. on Dist. Data Algmit. and Computer Networks, pages 71-84. February, 1981. (Daniels 821 Dean Daniels. Query Compilation in a Distributed Database System. Master's thesis, MIT. March, 1982. [Digital Equipment Corporation 721 Decsysteni10 Assembly Language Handbook 2 edition. Digital Equipment Corporation. Maynard. MA, 1972.
  71. K. P. Eswaran, James N. Gray, Raymond A. Lone, I. L Traiger. The Notions of Consistency and Predicate Locks in a Database System. Comm. of the ACM 19(11), November, 1976. [Garcia-Molina 82] H. Garcia-Molina.
  72. Using Semantic Knowledge for Transaction Processing in a Distributed Database. Technical Report 285, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Princeton, June, 1982.
  73. David K. Gifford. Violet. an Experimental Decentralized System. . - In Proceedings !.R.I.A. Workshop on Integrated Office Systens. Versailles, France, November, 1979. Also available as Xerox Palo Alto Research Center Report CSL-79-12.
  74. J. N. Gray, R.A. Loric, G. R. Putzolu, and 1. L. Traiger. Granularity of Locks and Degrees of Consistency in a Shared Data Base. -j.-, .-. [Gray 78] James N. Gray.
  75. %.-' Notes on Databasc Operating Systcms.
  76. In R. Bayer, R. M. Graham, and G. Scegmuller (editors), Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Volume 60: Operating Systems -An Advanced Course, pages 393-481.
  77. *- Springer-Vcrlag, 1978. Also available as IBM Research Report RJ2188, IBM San Jose Research Laboratories, 1978. .: [Gray 80] Jim Gray. A Transaction Model. IBM Research Report RJ2895, IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, Ca., August, 1980. - [Gray 81a] Jim Gray. The Transaction Concept: Virtues and Limitations. In Proc. of Very Large Database Conference, pages 144-154. September, 1981.
  78. Gray 81b] Jim Gray, Pete Homan, Ron Obermarck, Hank Korth. A Straw Man Analysis of Probability o/Waiting and Deadlock. IBM Research Report RJ3066, IBM Research Laboratory, San Jose, Ca., February, 1981.
  79. James N. Gray, et al. The Recovery Manager of a Data Management System. ACM Computing Surveys (2):223-242, June, 81.
  80. Hoare 74] C. A. R. Hoare. Monitors: An Operating System Structuring Concept. Comm. of the ACM 17(10):549-557, October, 1974.
  81. David M. Jacobson. Transactions on Objects of Arbitrary Type. Technical Report 82-05-02, University of Washington, May, 1982.
  82. Henry F. Korth. A Deadlock-Free Variable Granularity Locking Protocol. In Proc. Fifth Berkely Wkshp. on Dist. Data Mgmi. and Computer Networks. February, 1981. [Korth 83] Henry F. Korth. Locking Primitives in a Database System. Journal of the ACM 30(1), Jaunary, 1983.
  83. Kung 791 H. T. Kung and C. H. Papadimitriou. An Optimality Theory of Concurrency Control for Databases. In Proceedings of the 1979 SIGMOD Conference. ACM, Boston, MA., May, 1979.
  84. B-52 S. . . . . .
  85. Lawrence A. Rowe, Kcnncth P. Birman. Network Support for a Distributed Data Base System. In Proceedings 4th Berkeley Conference on Distributed Data Management and Computer Networks, pages 337-352. August. 1979.
  86. J. H. Saltzer, D.P. Reed. D.D. Clark. End-To-End Arguments in System Design. In Proceedings 2nd International Conference on Operating Systems, pages 519-512. Paris, France, April, 1981.
  87. Carnegie-Mellon Report CMU-CS-82-128, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. September, 1982.
  88. Sha 83] LIui Sha, E. Douglas Jensen, Richard F. Rashid, J. Duane Northcutt. Distributed Co-operating Processes and Transactions. In Proceedings ACM SIGCOMM Symposium. 1983. [Spector 821 Alfred 7. Spector. - Performing Remote Operations Efficicnty on a Local Computer Network..
  89. -,. - Comm. ofthe ACM 25(4), April, 1982. ." - [Weid 81] William F. Weihl. Atomic Actions and Data Abstractions. 1981. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science.