Prevalence of Parasitic Pathology Among Humans in Bulgaria

Parasitology Research, 2011

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European journal of microbiology & immunology, 2011

Travel to the tropics is associated with a risk of parasitic infection, which is increasing in parallel with the rise in travel to these areas. We thus examined the prevalence and trend in the occurrence of parasitic infections in Serbian travelers. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of all travelers returning from tropical and subtropical areas, who presented at the Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade between January 2001 and January 2008, was performed. Of a total of 2440 travelers, 169 (6.9%) were diagnosed with a parasitic infection, including malaria in 79, intestinal parasites in 84 (pathogenic species in 30 and non-pathogenic in 54), filariasis in four, and visceral leishmaniasis and fascioliasis in one patient each. Importantly, of the whole series only 583 (23.9%) were symptomatic, of which 19.4% were found to be infected with a parasite. The single pathogenic parasite occurring in asymptomatic patients was Giardia intestinalis. Parasitic...

Background. Soil transmitted helminth infections are widespread throughout the world and represent significant problem for public health care in many countries. In Bulgaria with local distribution are two parasitic diseases - ascariasis and trichuriasis (trichocephaliasis) but exist favorable climatic conditions for local distribution of ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis. We did retrospective study of prevalence of ascariasis and trichuriasis in Bulgaria for 23 year period and compared our data to these collected in 1952-1954 when the first systematic studies on the subject were held. Materials and methods. Used were annual analyses of parasitic diseases in the country. Calculated were the prevalence proportions for ascariasis and trichuriasis by year, by 5 - year periods, and also the average prevalence for the whole period 1990 – 2011. Results. In 14 out of 28 districts in Bulgaria the geographic and climatic conditions are favorable for distribution and transmission of STH. Our study found that for a period of 23 years (1990-2012) were recorded a total of 17 020 persons (children and adults) with ascariasis and 3695 with trichuriasis. The average annual number of cases for the period of ascariasis was 740, and for trichuriasis - 161. Conclusions. The prevalence of ascariasis and trichuriasis among Bulgarian population is low, but cases are registered annually in the country and their social and health significance can not be ignored as is the need of measures for their surveillance, control and the need for health education of the population.

Chomicz, L., D.B. Conn, J.P. Szaflik, and B. Szostakowska. 2015. Editorial: Newly emerging parasitic threats for human health: National and international trends. BioMed Research International, Article ID 489324: 1-4 ABSTRACT: The available evidence indicates that there are changes in natural and anthropogenic environments that affect the spread and emergence of these diseases in any given area, including climate change, population growth agricultural intensification, and human encroachment into wildlife habitats. Likewise, increasing environmental pollution and degradation and alterations in microbial and other ecosystems influence the spread, prevalence, and epidemiological dynamics of parasitic infections. This issue addresses the region-dependent, recurrent, and newly emerging health threats generated by the parasites and related pathogens in specific countries. Yet, while the focus of each article in this issue is on specific geopolitical entities, each of these national or regional cases provides amodel that can be applied globally to parasitic threats to any country or region. Among different causes, these threats are due to rising numbers of people traveling greater distances, who undertake trips to endemic countries

https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR_Vol.6_Issue.1_Jan2016/24.pdf, 2016

Background: Intestinal parasitic infection has been described as constituting the greatest single worldwide cause of illness and disease. Aims: The aim of this study is to get a Current status about the existence of Parasites and their prevalence in our area. Material and Methods: A total of 1638 stool samples were examined for protozoa and helminthes infection by routine microscopy. Results: In the study, prevalence of Intestinal parasitic infection is 9.21 %. There are eight different type of parasite detected. Conclusion: Protozoan infection is more common than helminthic infection. It is an important public health problem. So it is need to develop effective diagnostic, prevention and control strategies including health education and environmental hygiene.

Helminthologia, 2017

The occurrence of parasitic infections among the children, dogs and its association with soil contamination in two villages with different hygiene level standards were analysed. Infections were present in both examined localities, but in the village with higher living standard, a better personal and communal hygiene level and better dogs care a lower occurrence of parasitic germs in soil was detected. High prevalence of protozoa and helminths was observed not only within canine population but also in children throughout the year in the village with lower hygiene and socioeconomic standard. We have identifi ed up to 12 taxa of parasites in 127 collected dogs' excrements and mean prevalence was 71.65 %. The most frequent were eggs of family Ancylostomatidae and Ascaris spp., followed by Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Giardia duodenalis cysts, Isospora spp. oocysts, eggs of Capillaria aerophila, Trichuris vulpis, Taenia type eggs, Dipylidium caninum, oocysts of Sarcocystis spp. and larvae of Angiostrongylus vasorum. The soil samples collected near dwellings were highly contaminated. Two thirds of samples contained eggs for the most part of family Ancylostomatidae as well as genera Ascaris and Toxocara. Among the kids population helminth ova were present in 53.17 % of stool samples, where the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Hymenolepis diminuta and cysts of G. duodenalis were the most frequent. In contrast, parasitic diseases were not seen in children population living in the locality with common hygiene standard.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: The objective of this study is to determine the structure of the outpatient parasitology tests and the epidemiological significance of the resultant morbidity for intestinal and non-intestinal parasitic diseases in the Varna region, Northeastern Bulgaria.

IOP conference series, 2017

Food can be an important route for transmission of parasites to humans. Compared to other foodborne pathogens in Serbia, foodborne (or potentially foodborne) parasites do not get the attention they undoubtedly deserve. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the most important parasitic pathogens that can be transmitted by food, and that cause disease in humans: Echinococcus, Trichinella, Taenia solium and Toxoplasma gondii. For each of these pathogens, the severity of human diseases they cause, incidence, mortality and case fatality rate among humans in Serbia as well as their prevalence in animal species in Serbia are described. Some of the described foodborne parasites can induce severe disease symptoms in humans associated with high case fatality rates, while others can cause massive outbreaks. All of the aforementioned parasites occur throughout Serbia and cause both severe public health problems and substantial economic losses in livestock production. In conclusion, the control measures of foodborne parasites certainly need to include education of farmers and improvement of veterinary sanitary measures in animal farming and animal waste control.

Helminthologia, 2020

Enterobiasis is a worldwide distributed helminthiasis that mainly affects children. Bulgarian healthcare legislation mandates annual tests for E. vermicularis in large part of the population. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of enterobiasis in children and adults in Varna district, in Northeastern (NE) Bulgaria. A retrospective analysis of 71,308 laboratory results from patients tested for E. vermicularis between 2009 and 2018 was performed. The overall prevalence of enterobiasis was 0.91 % with a signifi cantly higher rate in children (1.49 %) than in adults (0.25 %). An increased tendency of the annual prevalence rates (0.45 %/2009-1.45 %/2018) was demonstrated solely due to the propagation of this disease in children population. Detailed analysis in different groups clustered by age and attendance of children's collectives showed that the lowest level of enterobiasis (0.36 %) was found in children younger than 36 months and afterwards an increased level (1.58 %) in preschool kids (3-6 y) was detected. The highest occurrence (9.57 %) was observed in school-age children (7-17 y) where no prophylactic measures by law are required or performed. The prevalence of the enterobiasis observed in Varna District corresponds with the offi cial reports in the country and refl ects the actual situation of this disease in Bulgaria. The regional and countrywide data demonstrate that the levels are signifi cantly lower than those reported in the other European countries. The main reason for that is the implementation of an extensive and effective system for the surveillance, prevention and control of E. vermicularis-infection in Bulgaria.

International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 2025

Any disease or condition that can naturally spread from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to animals is categorized as zoonoses by the World Health Organization (WHO). India ranks first among nations with high zoonotic disease occurrences and is the 7 th largest country in the world. Numerous helminthic illnesses have emerged in both human and animal populations, including paragonimiasis, fasciolopsis, taeniasis and cysticercosis, echinococcosis and hydatidosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, gnathostomiasis, dirofilariasis and others. More than 70 species of protozoa and approximately 300 species of parasitic helminths, which are derived from both nonhuman primates and other animals, infect humans. Animal health and productivity are adversely affected by a variety of parasites, which results in large global economic losses. Helminths and protozoan intestinal parasite infections are among the most common infections in the globe. Measures and procedures for infection prevention and control can lessen the public's exposure to parasites. The adoption of evidence-based infection prevention and control strategies should be encouraged by surveillance programs in order to lower the prevalence of these illnesses, slow spread and eventually enhance public health. This paper describes the epidemiology, transmission, clinical signs, and treatment of important parasitic zoonoses from the latest literature in this field.