Why we need to be weary of emotional AI

Asian Journal of Current Research, 2024

Although artificial intelligence has made significant strides in analyzing extensive datasets and recognizing intricate patterns, it still struggles to replicate the nuanced understanding of human emotions. This study aims to explore the complex relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and AI, investigating the potential for AI to enhance our understanding and development of EI. Emotion detection in AI often involves analyzing facial expressions, speech patterns, and physiological cues. However, incorporating cultural diversity and biases into training datasets can hinder accuracy and efficiency. A promising area of future research is the development of AI systems capable of not only perceiving emotions but also demonstrating emotional intelligence. Such systems could revolutionize human-robot interactions, fostering more genuine and empathetic connections. Delving into the relationship between EI and AI can gain a deeper understanding of AI's emotional intelligence, appreciating its capabilities and limitations. This knowledge can pave the way for more compassionate and effective human-AI interactions. This knowledge can inform the development of more sophisticated AI systems that can contribute to our own emotional growth and well-being.

2019

not published

Intelligence and emotions differentiate humans from animals. Emotion is part of a persons behaviour and certain feelings can affect his/her performance, emotions can even prevent a person from producing an intelligent outcome. Therefore, when a computer aims to emulate human behaviour, not only should this computer think and reason, but it should also be able to show emotions. This paper presents a review of recent research that shows the importance of the emotions in human intelligence. This paper also presents the research that has been carried out into the incorporation of emotions to intelligent systems, how a computer can show affections and how to create intelligent agents that show emotions to other agents that communicate with them in the same environment. Introduction:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an integral part of our everyday lives and plays a crucial role in our well-being, culture, society, and industry (Thakkar et al., 2024). Some types of AI are known to exhibit emotions, but they are not very common in present-day AI, which we deal with in everyday life. Some researchers suggest that by endowing AI systems with emotions, we could create emotional experiences in them that help create empathy and a feeling of connectedness with users in applications like mental health, therapy, education, museums, and related experiences. This need for AI systemsespecially embodied or affective ones that people feel attached to ethical-moral agency and are thus able to evaluate and make ethical judgments and decisions of their own in ways that are socially and legally responsible that will assist in having more considerate, caring, compassionate, therapeutic, healing, and moral machines. (Pan & Yang, 2021).

Big Data & Society, 2020

By the early 2020s, emotional artificial intelligence (emotional AI) will become increasingly present in everyday objects and practices such as assistants, cars, games, mobile phones, wearables, toys, marketing, insurance, policing, education and border controls. There is also keen interest in using these technologies to regulate and optimize the emotional experiences of spaces, such as workplaces, hospitals, prisons, classrooms, travel infrastructures, restaurants, retail and chain stores. Developers frequently claim that their applications do not identify people. Taking the claim at face value, this paper asks, what are the privacy implications of emotional AI practices that do not identify individuals? To investigate privacy perspectives on soft non-identifying emotional AI, the paper draws upon the following: over 100 interviews with the emotion detection industry, legal community, policy-makers, regulators and NGOs interested in privacy; a workshop with stakeholders to design ethical codes for using data about emotions; a UK survey of 2068 citizens on feelings about emotion capture technologies. It finds a weak consensus among social stakeholders on the need for privacy, this driven by different interests and motivations. Given this weak consensus, it concludes that there exists a limited window of opportunity to societally agree principles of practice regarding privacy and the use of data about emotions.

Emotional Machines, 2023

Can machines simulate, express or even have emotions? Is it a good to build such machines? How do humans react emotionally to them and how should such devices be treated from a moral point of view? This volume addresses these and related questions by bringing together perspectives from affective computing and emotional human-machine interaction, combining technological approaches with those from the humanities and social sciences. It thus relates disciplines such as philosophy, computer science, technology, psychology, sociology, design, and art. The volume offers readers interested in the phenomenon of emotional machines new perspectives from a variety of disciplines and addresses fundamental questions that will become pressing in the foreseeable future as emotional machines increasingly populate our everyday lives.

Emotions are acknowledged as a crucial element for artificial intelligence; this is, as is illustrated, no different for Ambient Intelligence (AmI). Unobtrusive Sensing of Emotions (USE) is introduced to enrich AmI with empathic abilities. USE coins the combination of speech and the electrocardiogram (ECG) as a powerful and unique combination to unravel people's emotions. In a controlled study, 40 people watched film scenes, in either an office or a home-like setting. It is shown that, when people's gender is taken into account, both heart rate variability (derived from the ECG) and the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency of speech indicate people's experienced valence and arousal, in parallel. As such, both measures validate each other. Thus, through USE reliable cues can be derived that indicate the emotional state of people, in particular when also people's environment is taken into account. Since all this is crucial for both AI and true AmI, this study provides a first significant leap forward in making AmI a success. . † For the interested reader, we refer to "Historical foundations of social effectiveness? Dale Carnegie's principles" , which illustrates the timeless significance of Carnegie's work. AI pioneer Herbert A. Simon was the first to denote the importance of emotion for AI. Minsky confirmed this by stating:

First Monday, 2019

The boundaries of personal space and borders of bodily integrity are being tested by deployments of emotional artificial intelligence (EAI) in private and public spaces. By means of sensing, seeing and machine learning of facial expressions, voice, gaze, gestures and range of physiological signals (heart rate, skin conductivity and temperature, muscle activity, body temperature, respiration and other bio-signals), the goal is to make interior emotional life machine-readable for personal, commercial and security objectives.In this paper, we focus on computer vision and face-based analytics to consider the nature, method and development of facial coding, the potential demise of existing approaches, and the rise of even more invasive methods. Criticisms of facial coding have long existed, but recent scholarship and industrial development signals a lack of confidence in ‘basic emotions’ and a turn to appraisal-based accounts of emotion. This inevitably entails use of data about internal...

2015

Affective computing simulates empathy through machine that could recognize, interpret, process and respond to human affects. With the use of sensors and computational devices, it proposes to exhibit either innate emotional capabilities or that is capable of convincingly simulating emotions. The paper focuses on varied challenges and future scope of affective computing. The technologies for affective computing are varied but expression if not natural may not yield 100% accurate results. The systems may lack rotational movement freedom and also ignores situational factors in emotional understanding. Keywords—Human computer interaction; emotions.

igi , 2024

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies have become pervasive in most societies, and a new concern challenges academic scholars and social scientists; what are the conceivable, profound consequences of AI adoption within the intricate structures of society? Despite its widespread influence, this critical topic remains largely unexplored in academic circles, leaving a significant knowledge gap regarding how AI reshapes human interactions, institutions, and the fabric of a digital society. AI and Emotions in Digital Society, edited by Adrian Scribano and Maximiliano E Korstanje, emerges to address this concern. In this transformative book, readers embark on an intellectual journey exploring the intricate interplay between society, technology, and emotions. Drawing together the works of researchers in diverse disciplines and cultural backgrounds, the book fosters critical discussions that delve into the philosophical quandaries underpinning AI's influence. By adopting a balanced perspective that acknowledges both risks and opportunities, the book equips postgraduate students, professionals, policymakers, AI analysts, and social scientists with the tools to comprehend the far-reaching effects of AI on human behavior, institutions, and even democratic processes. As readers engage with this thought-provoking content, they gain understanding of how AI impacts various sectors, including education, travel, literature, politics, and cyber-security. AI and Emotions in Digital Society serves as an indispensable resource for navigating the ongoing AI revolution, inspiring informed decision-making, and fostering critical dialogue. By empowering readers to grasp the complexities of AI's role, the book opens possibilities for a future where humanity and technology harmoniously coexist, shaping the course of our digitally interconnected society.