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Introduction
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Coexistence Simulation of DVB-T/T2 and LTE800 in Seamcat

Profile image of Stanislav MarchevskyStanislav Marchevsky

2015, Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica

https://doi.org/10.15546/AEEI-2015-0026
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7 pages

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Abstract

The development of modern, effective and intelligent wireless communication systems, which enable to provide multimedia services in high quality takes place more faster than in years before. The small frequency bandwidth gap of the 4G systems represented by Long Term Evolution (LTE) and digital broadcast system Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial and the second generation denoted as T2 (DVB-T/T2) is responsible for the presence of different interference scenarios. This paper highlights the analytical background of both systems and the issue of coexistence. Moreover, computer simulations are used to evaluate the deployment of filters on the digital television receiver side as well as spectral emission mask on LTE base station in order to mitigate interference.

Figures (14)
LTE deploys two different multiple access methods. For uplink SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Divi- sion Multiple Access) and OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for downlink is used. The sub- carrier spacing in constant 15 kHz and is not related to the bandwidth. The reason why OFDMA is used at downlink is the higher spectral efficiency, robustness against multi-path fading , scalable bandwidth size, easy MIMO implementa- tion, easy subrarrier coordination etc. Physical Radio Block (PRB) is the basic frequency-time unit in LTE and contains 2 subcarriers placed next to each other for one time slot of 0.5 ms as it is shown in Fig. 2. It is the smallest resource block assigned by eNode B for frequency planning (180 kHz x 0.5 ms). Each PRB is made from resource elements from which everyone represents one subcarrier during one symbol period in OFDM or SC-FDMA. The data communi- cation at downlink can process two code words at the same time and therefore it can use MIMO. LTE at downlink as well as at uplink uses QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM.
LTE deploys two different multiple access methods. For uplink SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Divi- sion Multiple Access) and OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) for downlink is used. The sub- carrier spacing in constant 15 kHz and is not related to the bandwidth. The reason why OFDMA is used at downlink is the higher spectral efficiency, robustness against multi-path fading , scalable bandwidth size, easy MIMO implementa- tion, easy subrarrier coordination etc. Physical Radio Block (PRB) is the basic frequency-time unit in LTE and contains 2 subcarriers placed next to each other for one time slot of 0.5 ms as it is shown in Fig. 2. It is the smallest resource block assigned by eNode B for frequency planning (180 kHz x 0.5 ms). Each PRB is made from resource elements from which everyone represents one subcarrier during one symbol period in OFDM or SC-FDMA. The data communi- cation at downlink can process two code words at the same time and therefore it can use MIMO. LTE at downlink as well as at uplink uses QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM.
Fig. 2 Physical resource block structure
Fig. 2 Physical resource block structure
Fig. 4 Frequency spectrum allocation SL GCOIUAMY LOL TIOUETIT, CLICOUVE AL LILI Set WiLeH less communication systems, which enable the delivery of multimedia services in high quality with constant QoS (Quality of Service) level, is increasing rapidly on the user side as well as provider side. The access whomever, wherever and whenever is the main goal of every mobile and broadcast system in recent times. For that reason, the research on future generation wireless communication is aimed towards the development of effective and robust transmission systems, which can work in large range of the frequency spectrum. To meet these requirements, on the ITU conference WRC-2007 (World Radio Conference) a decision was made, that the frequency spectrum 790-862 MHz will be allocated to mobile services. On the other hand, this decision, from the point of technical and market view, led to the creation of new interference scenarios and coexistence between two service types that use the same or neighbouring frequency bands. These services are LTE and DVB-T/T2. The implementation of mobile services in the 790-862 MHz band can cause signal interference on the TV receivers or set-up boxes in home environments. The radio interference between various services are generally mitigated by employing guard bands or by ensuring satis- factory geographical separation. For mobile LTE networks, deployed in the UHF band, the guard band was set only to 1 MHz from the edge of CH60 for television broadcasting. In Fig. 4 shows how the frequency band for LTE utilize the spectrum resources (2x30 MHz for uplink and down- link). The frequency plan, created by CEPT SE42 Group, describes the mode for LTE with 5 MHz and 10 MHz bands arranged in pairs. Reverse duplex system was designed for the base station in lower frequency band and higher fre- quency band for the uplink.
Fig. 4 Frequency spectrum allocation SL GCOIUAMY LOL TIOUETIT, CLICOUVE AL LILI Set WiLeH less communication systems, which enable the delivery of multimedia services in high quality with constant QoS (Quality of Service) level, is increasing rapidly on the user side as well as provider side. The access whomever, wherever and whenever is the main goal of every mobile and broadcast system in recent times. For that reason, the research on future generation wireless communication is aimed towards the development of effective and robust transmission systems, which can work in large range of the frequency spectrum. To meet these requirements, on the ITU conference WRC-2007 (World Radio Conference) a decision was made, that the frequency spectrum 790-862 MHz will be allocated to mobile services. On the other hand, this decision, from the point of technical and market view, led to the creation of new interference scenarios and coexistence between two service types that use the same or neighbouring frequency bands. These services are LTE and DVB-T/T2. The implementation of mobile services in the 790-862 MHz band can cause signal interference on the TV receivers or set-up boxes in home environments. The radio interference between various services are generally mitigated by employing guard bands or by ensuring satis- factory geographical separation. For mobile LTE networks, deployed in the UHF band, the guard band was set only to 1 MHz from the edge of CH60 for television broadcasting. In Fig. 4 shows how the frequency band for LTE utilize the spectrum resources (2x30 MHz for uplink and down- link). The frequency plan, created by CEPT SE42 Group, describes the mode for LTE with 5 MHz and 10 MHz bands arranged in pairs. Reverse duplex system was designed for the base station in lower frequency band and higher fre- quency band for the uplink.
Fig.5 Interference scenario between DVB-T and LTE For the simulation we employed the ITU-R P.1546- 4 land propagation model. This model is used for envi- ronments in which the real world transmitting antenna is placed, i.e. on the hill named Blatny vrch. The distance be- tween the transmitter (Blatny vrch) and receiver (Luéenec) is approximately 8,5 km. This simulation scenario is visu- alized in Fig. 5. We created the simulation model in SEAM- CAT (Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Anal- ysis Tool) [5]. It is a free of charge integrated software tool based on the Monte-Carlo simulation method.
Fig.5 Interference scenario between DVB-T and LTE For the simulation we employed the ITU-R P.1546- 4 land propagation model. This model is used for envi- ronments in which the real world transmitting antenna is placed, i.e. on the hill named Blatny vrch. The distance be- tween the transmitter (Blatny vrch) and receiver (Luéenec) is approximately 8,5 km. This simulation scenario is visu- alized in Fig. 5. We created the simulation model in SEAM- CAT (Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Anal- ysis Tool) [5]. It is a free of charge integrated software tool based on the Monte-Carlo simulation method.
6. RESULTS Table 3 DVB-T receiver parameters Table 4 DVBT-T transmitter parameters
6. RESULTS Table 3 DVB-T receiver parameters Table 4 DVBT-T transmitter parameters
Table 6 Simulation results for simulation scenario #1
Table 6 Simulation results for simulation scenario #1
Fig. 6 dRSS and iRSS values
Fig. 6 dRSS and iRSS values
The analysed scenario involves the LTE mobile radio system and DVT-T transmitter as well as receiver. In this case we consider interference which is generated by a cer- tain number of LTE base stations. These base stations dis- turb the digital television reception. We would like to men- tion the second multiplex on channel 60 in the surrounding of the town Lucenec (Slovakia) as an example. In simu- lation scenario #1 no filter at the DTV receiver nor SEM at the LTE base station was used. The results are summa- rized in Tab. 6. The final value of the interference signal is -32.06dBm, whereas the desired signal strength is -46.01 dBm. Therefore, we can see that the value of the inter- ference signal strength is higher than the desired signal. This gives us a significant assumption for interference oc- currence, since the designated C/I (Carrier-to-Interference) ratio is not fulfilled. After the simulation, we inserted the results in the so called interference calculator, in which the high probability of interference, i.e. 100%, is confirmed. Fig. 6 compares the dRSS and iRSS values of the LTE and DVB-T signals.
The analysed scenario involves the LTE mobile radio system and DVT-T transmitter as well as receiver. In this case we consider interference which is generated by a cer- tain number of LTE base stations. These base stations dis- turb the digital television reception. We would like to men- tion the second multiplex on channel 60 in the surrounding of the town Lucenec (Slovakia) as an example. In simu- lation scenario #1 no filter at the DTV receiver nor SEM at the LTE base station was used. The results are summa- rized in Tab. 6. The final value of the interference signal is -32.06dBm, whereas the desired signal strength is -46.01 dBm. Therefore, we can see that the value of the inter- ference signal strength is higher than the desired signal. This gives us a significant assumption for interference oc- currence, since the designated C/I (Carrier-to-Interference) ratio is not fulfilled. After the simulation, we inserted the results in the so called interference calculator, in which the high probability of interference, i.e. 100%, is confirmed. Fig. 6 compares the dRSS and iRSS values of the LTE and DVB-T signals.
Table 8 Simulation results for simulation scenario #3
Table 8 Simulation results for simulation scenario #3
In scenario #2, a spectral emission mask (SEM) was used on the LTE transmitter. The SEM on the LTE base station is designed according to CEPT Report 30 [6]. The interference signal has dropped down to -66.45 dBm. The received signal strength is almost same as in the first sce- nario. The ration between the received and interference signal is 20.49 dB. The C/I values is however not satisfy- ing since it is 24 dB and hence it does not meet the required values. On the other hand we assumed that the interference will be smaller and indeed the calculator showed a 49.9% probability of interference. Tab. contains the simulation re- sults for scenario #2 with the SEM on the LTE base station. The values of dRSS and iRSS are shown in Fig. 7. 6.3. Simulation scenario #3
In scenario #2, a spectral emission mask (SEM) was used on the LTE transmitter. The SEM on the LTE base station is designed according to CEPT Report 30 [6]. The interference signal has dropped down to -66.45 dBm. The received signal strength is almost same as in the first sce- nario. The ration between the received and interference signal is 20.49 dB. The C/I values is however not satisfy- ing since it is 24 dB and hence it does not meet the required values. On the other hand we assumed that the interference will be smaller and indeed the calculator showed a 49.9% probability of interference. Tab. contains the simulation re- sults for scenario #2 with the SEM on the LTE base station. The values of dRSS and iRSS are shown in Fig. 7. 6.3. Simulation scenario #3
Fig. 8 dRSS and iRSS values
Fig. 8 dRSS and iRSS values
7. CONCLUSIONS
7. CONCLUSIONS

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