Power-aware routing in wireless packet networks

Bonfring International Journal of Software Engineering and Soft Computing, 2016

We are moving from the Personal Computer (PC) age (i.e., one computing device per person) to the Ubiquitous Computing age in which individual users utilize, at the same time, several electronic platforms through which they can access all the required information whenever and wherever they may be. Since the basic components of ad hoc wireless networks are mostly battery-operated portable devices, power conservation is one of the central issues of such networks. Power-conservative designs for ad hoc networks pose many challenges due to the lack of central coordination facilities.The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the power-optimization in mobile ad hoc networks based on routing.

CiiT Networking and Communication Engineering, 2013

An ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile hosts forming a temporary network without the aid of any stand-alone infrastructure or centralized administration. For efficient routing in adhoc network many routing protocols have been implemented where Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic. In these days as the energy issue becomes more important, it is required to research about the efficient resource allocation methods optimized in wireless networks. The objective of energy aware routing algorithms is to minimize the total power for routing a message from source to destination or to maximize the total number of routing tasks that a node can perform before its battery power depletes. Energy conservation is a critical issue as the lifetime of these nodes depends on the life of the system. Research has been carried out to conserve energy at various levels ie., hardware level, operating system, application level. Energy management in wireless networks is of paramount importance due to the limited energy availability in the wireless devices. Since wireless communication consumes a significant amount of energy, it is important to minimize the energy costs for communication as much as possible by practicing energy aware routing strategies .The principal focus of this survey is on how to maximize the lifetime of ad hoc wireless networks through energy-efficient routing and its various applications 1. INTRODUCTION In wireless ad-hoc networks, there are several characteristics different with wired networks. The differences are frequently changing of network topology, limited resources like bandwidth and energy and so on [1], [2].Ad hoc network is a collection of autonomous mobile devices that can communicate with each other without having any fixed infrastructure. Each node in the network can have an omni-directional antenna and communicate using wireless broadcasts with all nodes within its transmission range. Multi-hop routing protocol is needed to enable communication between nodes that are not in transmission range of each other. However, the absence of infrastructure in MANETs, the dynamic topology of these networks, the autonomous heterogeneous nodes, and the resource constraints (battery power, computational power) all contribute to make the problem of routing a tremendous challenge. The constrained resources, especially the battery power, make the routing problem a very challenging issue for MANETs. Moreover, mobile devices in an ad hoc network need to forward packets for other nodes; this extra activity consumes a significant amount of the energy of mobile devices. Therefore, it is critical to design efficient routing algorithms with the objectives of (1) minimizing the overall energy usage in routing packets and (2) maximizing the packet delivery rate. We consider the problem of energy aware routing, in which a message has to be sent efficiently

2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2011

A growing number of different technologysupported wireless networks are being deployed everywhere including many public areas, people of different ages are using increasingly complex battery-powered devices and various rich media networked applications have an exponentially growing popularity. In this context of high diversity and heterogeneity of devices, networks and applications, energy is a limited and highly valuable resource on which high quality service provisioning to users is highly dependent. This paper proposes an Energy-oriented Node Characteristics-Aware Routing Algorithm (ENCARA) which considers energy-related node characteristics in the routing process. ENCARA differentiates nodes by their characteristics and will conserve energy of those nodes with critical energy constraints, while maintaining the overall routing performance at high levels.

2012 IEEE Globecom Workshops, 2012

The latest mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet PCs, equipped with high resolution interactive screens, highly advanced CPUs, wireless networking and multimedia processing capabilities have become very important in people's daily life. The growth of these devices' popularity has determined an increased interest from shopping malls, theme parks, institutions, convention centre, etc. to deploy wireless network infrastructure and offer diverse online services addressed to such device users. However infrastructure deployment is expensive and highly localized, so accessing content from mobile devices supported by ad-hoc wireless connectivity is considered a very good alternative solution. In such scenarios, energy efficiency has always been a key issue and highly important especially for wireless routing algorithm design as the mobile wireless devices are powered by batteries with limited power capacity. Moreover different applications, e.g. online games, online chat, video streaming, etc. put different loads on different hardware components (e.g. CPU, wireless card, screen) and result in different energy constraints. In this context, we propose a novel Application-aWare Energy efficient Routing Algorithm (AWERA) for heterogeneous wireless networks which performs energy-aware routing based on application-related characteristics and nodes' energy budget. AWERA predicts nodes' energy depletion according to the application type they run, network load and remaining battery energy level, in order to assist a novel cross layer energy efficient routing solution. Simulation results show how our solution has better performance and energy efficiency when compared with other wireless routing protocols.

Wireless sensor networks have various applications in both military areas and resident. It recently received great attention from both industry and academic world. In particular, sensor nodes in the sensor network are usually battery-powered and very energy-constrained. So the main challenge of this sensor network is energy efficiency. Sensor networks are deployed in cruel physical environments where it is very difficult to replace the individual nodes or their batteries. Therefore, the maintenance of the consumed energy plays an important role in the design of a new routing protocol in order to increase the durability of the network. Thus energy-saving power aware routing protocol in wireless sensor networks is necessary for growing the network lifetime. In this paper, analysis of different power aware routing algorithms has been added.

Wireless sensor network (WSNs) are self-organized systems that depend on highly distributed and scattered low cost tiny devices. These devices have some limitations such as processing capability, memory size, communication distance coverage and energy capabilities. In order to maximize the autonomy of individual nodes and indirectly the lifetime of the network, most of the research work is done on power saving techniques. Hence, we propose energy-aware load distribution technique that can provide an excellent data transfer of packets from source to destination via hop by hop basis. Therefore, by making use of the cross-layer interactions between the physical layer and the network layer thus leads to an improvement in energy efficiency of the entire network when compared with other protocols and it also improves the response time in case of network change.

2018

Wireless sensor networks are resource constrained networks, where energy is the major resource in such networks. Therefore, energy conservation is major aspect in the deployment of Wireless Sensor Network. This work makes use of an extended Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (eGPSR) protocol that mainly focuses on energy efficient data transmission. This data transmission is based on the fact that the message that is sent to a distant node consumes more energy than the message that is sent to a short range transmission. Every cluster contains a head set that consists of many virtual cluster heads. Routing is decided by head set members. The energy level of the received signal is the major constraint to choose head set from its members. The experimental result shows that the use of eGPSR in routing has improved throughput with comparatively less delay.

Wireless Networks, 2001

Wireless networking has witnessed an explosion of interest from consumers in recent years for its applications in mobile and personal communications. As wireless networks become an integral component of the modern communication infrastructure, energy efficiency will be an important design consideration due to the limited battery life of mobile terminals. Power conservation techniques are commonly used in the hardware design of such systems. Since the network interface is a significant consumer of power, considerable research has been devoted to low-power design of the entire network protocol stack of wireless networks in an effort to enhance energy efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of recent work addressing energy efficient and low-power design within all layers of the wireless network protocol stack.

International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2014

Ad-hoc networks consist of a set of mobile nodes with a restricted power supply resources that can communicate with each other without any established infrastructure or centralized administration. The loss of some nodes may cause significant topological changes, undermine the network operation, and affect the lifetime of the network. This paper discusses the energy consumption problem and summaries the existing power saving techniques in ad-hoc wireless networks. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new power aware multi-path node disjoint routing scheme based on the Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR), which can prolong MANETs lifetime, reduce routing delay and increase the reliability of the packets reaching its destination. Therefore, a comprehensive study of DSR protocol has been drawn using NS-2 simulator, to evaluate the performance of DSR as a routing strategy and investigate its efficiency in saving wireless networks resources, as a prelude to avoid its perfo...

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006

We presents a power-aware routing protocol called Multi-Route Transmission Routing that utilizes multiple routes to transmit the data traffic simultaneously and leads to a balanced energy consumption. The proposed routing approach can extend the system lifetime of the network. A new routing decision index is also proposed for the route selection mechanism, which takes both the shortest-path and the maximum system lifetime into consideration and dynamically adjusts its weight between them according to the energy usage of the network. Experiment results show that, the proposed routing protocol provides a higher performance than other well-known power-aware routing protocols in terms of the energy-efficiency.